The URL can be used to link to this page

06/25/1973 SPEC - 5794' I� � , , , ' PATRICIA ELLIS COUNCIL SECRETARY SPECIAL COUNCIL MEETING JUNE 25, 1973 FRIDLEY CITY COUNCIL AGENDA - SPECIAL MEETING - JUNE 25, 1973 - 7:30 P.M. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE: INVOCATION: ROLL CALL: ADOPTION OF AGENDA: Approval of Communication to Federal Communications Commission, 1- 1 A Washington, D. C. � Nor.th Park Discussion , ' ' ADJOURN: ' ' ' �' ' .. ,.�,.�,..r..-_ . , . � . , 0 2-2C � �� MIN�ITES QF TH� SPECIAL PUBLIC HEARING �1EETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL, JUNE 2S, 197 .___________-- ,J ' ' ' M�yor I,��bl, Galled the Spe+�i.al Public Hearing Meeting of the Fridley ��y �our�Ci� tc� order at 7:35 p.m., June 25, 1973. PL�pG� QF �LI.EGIANCE: Maycax I.iehl led the Council and the audi.ence in saying the Pledge of Alls��.��c� to th� Flag. INV(��.�"�TQN : T�e ��.ty Managex, Mr� Gerald R. Davis, offered the invocation. ' Rp�L CALL; ' ' ' ' ' ' � ' � ' , � ' �EMR�RS P�tESEN`� : NI�I�IBERS ABS�NT : AD�FTION QF AGENAA: Starwal�, Liebl, Nee, Breider, Uttex. ° Mayox L1eb1 said there would be an addition to the agenda as i�em numtaer thxee and ihis would be receiving a letter from School District Numbex �4 x�garding �orti� Park. M�1T�pN �ay �ouncilman Bre�.der ta adopt the agenda as amended. Seconded� k�y Crauncilman Starwalt, Upon a voice vvte, all voting aye, Mayar �.i.eb]. d.e��ared �he rnoti4n carried unanimously. AFPROVAL OF CQMMUNICATTON TO FEDERAL COMMUNIGATION COMMISSION, IN T N D,C.: �qur��ilma� Ne� said he hoped this would be sent before the Public H��i�g on the CATV matter. He said he would like a clear statement. �I� ad,�.�d h� could submi.t the c{uestions as an �.ndividual, but he �,��r��t �t wauld be better if they were submitted by the Council. !�+�u�,��.mar� Ne� said t�is would resolve the que$tions he had in his �n�,nd , l�a,y�x I�iebl x+ead the deviations in the �CC xules as stated by Cour��lma� Nee in his letter addressed to Mr. Sol Schildhause of the F�Cc 1,, Tha� the Franchise provides far the payment of S� instead of 3�, without justification being provided in the applica- ti�n. �. That FCC rules (Section 76.31b) requires that any fee ch,�rged the CATV operator by the municipality sha11 be applied only to the subscriber revenue base, not to the �xoss xevenue base. Cc�u��llman Nee said the proposed letter comme�ted on the two questi4n�. H� �,�� h� would like to know if the FCC has in fact denied "Certifi- cat��?r�" ¢�� thi.s franchise, or does this imply that the franGh�se will b� cl�r►�.e�1, Councilman Nee said i� the Franchise is in j eo�ardy, he �c?ulc� l ��SP tQ �Snow . ' PAGE 3 ��TqL �UBLIG HEARING ME�TING OF JUNE 2S� 1973 , ' ' ' , , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' �TATEM�NT BY MAYOR FRANK G. LTEBL: �� ,��o� on the �rQper us� o£ the area known as North Park is or�e ��' �1�� mox� important decisions facing the City Council. Back in �97p �hxough 1972, this land was acquired through a land and water �ons��vation �;rant, with the City paying one quarter of the cost, ��, th� St��ate and Fedexal Government pay�.ng the other three-quar�ers. �n, the gr�r�t applicatiQn, it was stated that the land would be t�t�,�iz,�d fQr a recreational use and park use of the public. Thex�e W�� al.�c� mention rnade that one possibility far the use of th� land wQUld be �Qx a golf course, which is an allowable u�e undex LAWCON ,�x�.n� �.ppl�cati.ons. In fact, in the 1968 plan of the State, thex'e wa� a�1 �].em�nt in it which showed a deficiency af golf courses in �h,e Twin City area. In cheeking with the State Planning Agency t}��,t �.pproved th� gxant application for Fridley, this is one of the �e�,sQ�.� Qux gxant was approved and given high priority. �lso, in tht� Bux�au of Qutdoor Recreation, which is a federal ageney, the ,��c�u�,�i�j,on o f land for utilization as a golf course is a pexfectly r.� �.�ga1 3nd ju$tifiable use of land that is acquired with federal an ��,�.� fur�c�s, Th�s is no� to say that the land could not also be ��.�,�.z,eci fpx a na�ure eenter. Certainly nature centers are a new and yexy wo�thwhile utili.zation of spaces by cities and cou�lties. T'h� d,a.�emma tha� the City Council faced, back in January af this year, was wha�, to do with Narth Park. Zt had suggestions fr�m the League c��' Wc�m�n V��er� that indi.�ated that they would like to see the area tu�'n�d �.nto a nature centex, In th� same token, the Chaml�ex of ��mma�ce ind�cated they would like to s�e th� Council develop this �,x�& a,� a go�.£ �ourse. The League did not have too many specifies Qn e�ca��7.y wha�k they mean� by a nature center. "Nature Center," ,p£ cQUx�� m�ans diff�rent things ta diffexent people, It could range �� w�y ��rc�m leaving an axea just as it �-s and not deve�oping it �,� �lla �Q a}�igh�.y d�v�loped area such as the Woodlake Nature �ent�x in, R�chf�eld, ir� which some $800,000 was spent to modi£y the ��,��a�e £Qx develv�ment as a natuxe center. So thexe is �. wide ��,�n�,� �� pi,nion of exactly what constitutes a nature center. �� ,�� ,��Ce a logical approach to try to get some professional ��,�� Qn ihis mat�Ger. No one on our City staff had �vex done �h� ��,�� Qx design, of ei�her a �nature center of a golf course. ��, �� 'ather specialized function which it was felt that consul.- t�n�� w�c� had actually worked and designed both nature centers and gQ1.� �QU�'ses was needed for professional assistance. The Czty CounGil '�he� did two th�ngs which will help them arrive at a decision on North pa��, �i.xst they appointed a ten member cita,zens committee to study �,�� paxk and its usesPark�CommitteeT��Secondly,hafter�considerable modex��x of the NQrth ��Y�,�w �ay the staff, the firm ofherarea and cpmeCintwithasomepxecom- �� d� � com�rehensive study of t �,�;��,t�.�ans to assist thi.s Counc�l in maki.ng its decision. ' �� $�I� �EARING M�ETING OF JUNE 2S, 1973 PAGE 5 ' �� econd im�oxtant aspect that this City Counci� must consider is b't a olf course or a natuxe that �� how to f�nanc� a fac�lsty, e i g ��, �t was for this xeason that the City Council hired oux x��r ��ci�l consultants, the firm of Ehlers and Associates, �qp� �� both of these possibilities, and to report to use on how �� be �inanced, They have told us that a golf cour�e could b� f��anc�d �hrough gross revenue bonds, which would �e financed xegaid £xam gree�� fees and other revenues of a golf course. The Gity �QU��l does have t�e authority to issue these bonds �,�ithout - olf course became operational in 1975, to thes� and an �1�ct�Q�. As�um�n� a g th� �evenues from the �ourse would be sufficient to pay off the bonds �v�� Q year pexiod suecessfully. The �inancing on a natuxe c�ntex would be for about �555,000, and this would �equire � vote c�� ,� people for generai obligation bonds. Thez'e have been some qt��stiozts xaised as to whet}Zer ,�-c need a$555,000 iiature center. T}�is �gain gets to the point of just exactly what aY-e ��ou talking abou� in the form o.E a nature center. One of the thing�> that Brauer w�S �.t�s�x'ucted to look at in item 1G of his a�reer?ent with the Gity, was to do a construction cost analysis for botl� a�;olf course ar�d a natuxe interpretive facility. His obli.gation was as follows: ",A xange of costs will be provided, together with a general descrip- tlpn of' the �acility qual.ity, associated with an optimum ($400Y000 fQx a��ture center and $750,�OU for a golf eourse) figures £or �ach development possibllity." He was also instructed io: "Present an o�asratian, projection and cash flow analysi_s for both facilities," �� is, of �c�urse, �ossible to build a nature center for less than he h�.s sugg�sted. But what kind of riature center are we talking about? Q�� Qf t]�e reasons we hired Brauer and Associates was to suggest wha� zype of t�ature center woul.d be feasible and adeauate for this area. I�� had done that . Thex� may be possibil.ites for other forms of financing, but w� have �ot had toa much encouragement fxom the contacts with the State and �ed�xa� Gov�rnment, As you know, there is presently an �mpoundment ugon ��dex�l funds for a11 types of grants. This �r.cludes sewer and w�ter �rants in addition to land acquisition grants. On Januaxy 1.6, 1g7�, aur City Manager met with Bob Nethexcut and �ete Jacobson, Fark Planne�' for the Metropolitan Council, tp discuss what the status Q� g�� p�lic�tions were and what the availability o� federal and s�at�,mQney wa.s for development purposes. The Metropolitan Council, a� �+��z may know', has to approve a11 grants that have any regional s��nif�,�an�e prior to the fedexal or state agencies considexing th�m, The purpose of this meeting, which was attended by Mx. Paul. �rQw� and Mx. Ed Wilmes as well, was to check the availability of �ux�d� �qx' the development of such things as the Island of Peace and Nox�.h park, At that time, Mr. Jacobson stated that the State of Minn+�so�a had received many hundreds of thousands o£ dollars more in ap�li.�ations xequests fox LAWCON grants than tl-.ey were able tQ fund w�.th existing resources. He also stated the LAWCON'� view at that t�.me wa�s tca put the emphasis on land acquisition grants rathex �han d�y��4pmen`� gxants, on the tfieory that it is more important to acq,ui:r� the land be£ore i.t escalates in price and beGOmes unavailable. ' �p�C�� LIC HEARING MEETING OF JUN� 25, 1973 PAG� 7 � w�u�� k� to hear what the citize�s o� Fridley have to say about �� W �� we basically have �oth the Brauer repor� in and the ��p��d�ng f�nancial �ata. You know, wanting samething a�d b�ing �� ay fp� it is somet�mes two different things. We all w�� h� b�St fQx �veryane, but unfortunately we are not able �o af�axd �v�xyth�� we wan�. I, th�refore, a� going �o consider this ma�t�r y�� r�f��1y� considex �he points I have stated to you tonight, ��or� �� final deci�ion on this very important matter �aeing u� r r, �tay�c�x T�i,�:b�. c�lled or� Mr. Brauer from Brauer and Associates �o pxeSe�lt h�,� r�part . M�', ar�.uer said he would like to make a summary statement rather than ��.�.�e�° �ca thrau�h the entiare report or again repeat the summary ��m��t i.n the xe��r?�. M�', Brau�� said the area is void of a nature center and also vaid of ��o�� ccauxse. He li��.ed ihe other possible sites for natur� centers #�r� ��.� G�.t� �� Fxa.dley whicl� include Camp Lcackslea, Locke Park, anc� �Qp�� ,a��R �i� added e�n1y one area is not suitable and that would b� �.he ��].a�ds of P�ace, �Sx. Bruaer said the e�tablishment of a �,��ur� �t��rpr��ve cen�er should begin with educat�.on and this would �,��].ud,e e� c�aft�man and tool� s He said this is the only area wh�re ��,� fixm �ad beea� working which did have alternative sites fqr such a�a�ur� ��n��e�'R �� s��-d �t the present ti�ne the establishment �� ,�ux�+� �n�.e�p�ret�ve �center i� not a first �ri.ori�y i�em in th� ��h �a�°k a��, He sai�. there would need ta be some perioc� of �w�.�'�� wh�c� wcauld start with an educational prvc��s and this could b� �ort� ��i T�Q�� P�rk c��' ar�e pf the oth�r ax��as , f ��, ��u�� k�+� �f ihs memt�ers o� the �c�une��. had any c{ue�stion�' on wt�� w�� t �� e�o��.. Nta�ax Lieb1 a�ked how he had reach�d �h�.s , d�ci��a�. ' ' ' ' ' , � Mxs �xau�x° �a�� he had �mp�.oy�ed the services of Mr, NQrm Stone� Land ��e�n��n� Sp��ia�.ist, and €�l,so Mr� D�n �ondri,ck, Naturalist Spe�ialis�, �� ,� pQ��ions �� tY�eir areports had been del�ted because he �iid �� ,�� we�� we11 qualifi.ed to make this �ype oi xecommendation. �$ �c��itinu�, t��s wasHehsaid��e felt�the�experience o£dhisufi�mQwas by° �� i' °�h+� men ��, �� a�d th�}� did th� study Qf the area. M�,�sa� Lie'�1 a�ked how much of the natural life and setting waul.d be �p��a�ec�ec� thxough the next 20 years considering the encr4achment ,�� du�tr� fih�t surrounds the area? Mr. Bruaer said thi� �a.fe would �� °�ed t4 the site itself because pf the Urban deyelopmer�t all a�'Q�T�� '�ha area• He said there would be Urban run off �.nto �.he ax�a �n� �y�� this were to be treated a�d contralled, the long term �� QU��e wAUld not be natural. He said largs mammals could not '�� k�pt �h�x�, Dtx, Brauer sa�d they could be kept in a managery type o� s��ua��.on. He said in the Rice Creek area drainage way, ani.mals cou�d stay� for many yeaxs more than in IVorth Park. , ��q� �U�LIC HEARING MEE�ING OF JUNE 25, 1973 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' � ' ' � , � ' ' i� � PAG� 9 ��un�i��an Sxarwalt asked if he would have any quarrel with �h� data ��&� �� Qp�ration an� �aintenance cost would be $91,Q00 without p��nciple and interest and �his total wou�d come up to $120,000, He 5a�d this amount would have ta be paid annually after the comple�ion o� th� obli�atiQn of the bond had been satisfied if a�atuxe center w�x� used. Mr• Brauex sa�d this information was taken from the Woad- ��e s�u�y and wvuld depend on the amount of personnel and the program ��ixed, C�uncilman Starwalt said then, t�is would be a debatable f�gur� deg�nd�ng an the number of activities. Mr, �_r�u�� said in ihe MPIRG Report, they left out at least half of t�� ms that he felt would be necessary to establzsh a nature �enter, K� s�i� �e fe�t a fence would be necessary, a floating walkway wou1� b� es�e�tia� zo study the marsh, and off site would have ta �e �antro�ied, �� d ��mp�ex� jab would have to be done or the area wou1� disapp�ax �n �h�� t�pe of urban development. Th� City Ma�ager said he had visited Woodlake and would like to know how �hi� ��a would compaxe to the North Park area, facility wise? Mr, B��uex s��d the stxuc�ure in this centex in R�chfield was also d�- ��g�ed �o� �ommunity use, and would be much largex tha� what was esti- ma��d f�� orth Park. H� said the remainder of the development wou�d compax�, H� added, the �rails would not go into the marsh and there W�u�d nv� be a need fox the �mount of dredging done at Woodlake to make �� are� ma��g�able. H� said the dredging that wauld have t� be done �� Nox�h Paxk wou�d be f�r the purpvse af cxeating open water, and �ont�pll�ng th� of� site water. He said they would want �o have a �1��n� walk that wpuld take people into the marsh. Mr� �xau�r said the buildin� would be three auax�ers o� the siz� of th� on� a� WQ�d�ake. He added, a feeding facility would be pxovided and ��y had �Qt p�anned a w��l. He said the plan wouid be to utilize the wate� �� e �rea rather than providing this artifieially. May�� bl call�d on ��e Ehlers ta mak� a�reseniation on the effect Qf �a�h Qf �he proposa�� wou�d have on the City. �r. �h��rs said i�e presentation would be made by Mr. Seegar Swanson, �r,� a c�nsultant in the £ixm. ' ��, �w��sQ� addxessed t�e Council and said they had submitted thxe� s`�p�� t�exs on th� North Park Financial matters. He said the first x�p�x� ��mpa�ed the figures for the golf eourse and nature c��t�x us� �� N��th Park using the higher cost figures for either or bpth. H� said �� h� repor� of June 8, 1973, it was pointed aut tha� the galf caurse ��u�d be financed with gross revenue bonds and the City has the power to u�e �hese without going to an election. He said the reven�e �ould be re�ired without using any other funds. He said the revenue would be xetixed wiihin 20 yeaxs and the additional capital could be ussd for addi�iQnal impxavements on North Park, Mr. S�ansan said in the pth�� ax�� x �n tfie event a nature center �s eonstructed, tfiis would r�� a�eneral obligation bond tfiat would requixe an election, H� ��id bo�h stud�es were scheduled fox retirement in 1994. ' ' ' ' �uP�C�AI. PU�L�IC H�ARING ME�TING OF .JUNE 25, 1973 PAGE 11 Ccaur�e�.iman Ne� askeci i f there ��ere any iri Nlinnesat�� makins a profit? Mx, $��uex s�id orie oi� the idia��r�asies oi municipal accounting is �]�� pu can :nake it come out any way you warit. He said the Fridley study cioes not sl1ow a profit for te�� y�ars. I-le said what is called a profi� would not in�lude the cesr_ of the land. 1-Ie said public and p�'ivat� busi�esses are riot £igure�.`_ the same. 1.�� r•ef�e�rred to the golf Cqursa in Fdi.ila statir�g they oT�l} !nade `�8,000 a.�cl paia lzp all oE their co5ts. ' Mr. Bxauer saia tl:ere may be one factor that would make �his deter- mination dif£er, and i.� two cases that he knew of the courses that Were too ola to accor,oclate enou�h play to make them ��ay. ' , Counci.lmaii �ee r•�f��.��:��_�': to the li�luor store c�peration an1 said tney ar� mak�n� a profit a�l�ter pay�ing t�c�r all of the elpef7ses, he asked Mr, �rauer �� th� City could expect tliis frarl the golf course. Mr. Bxauer said yes, he i�ad pr-ojected a Cigure. �ounci�man Nee said he would like to hear what the people in atten- dance at th� me�t�ng hacl to say. ,^•ir. i3rauer said }ie can get t}�e ' pulalic figures but not the private. Mayor 1�ieb1 saicl 5enator Schaaf ,;�ir . Ld t�'ilmes , i�lr. Elmer Olson, ' �r�d the Minnesota Public Intere5t Research G�'ol�p had rec�uested time �Q address t}ie �:ouncil. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' � ' Mx. W�].l�.am Ki,rberger said he is an area bi�sinessman and had been in the �.�'E'� with the �ompany for five years. l�e said he would �ike to x��omm�r�d the City follow the Brauer Report, and at the same time as ma�a�emen� in t1.�e Cornpany, he would fa��Ur beth. A9r. Kirbexgex �aid �.%� indus�xy has nad a spiral increase in taxes w}1ile the State ��id �here would be a reduction because the use of the 4o sales tax. �� .��1 �l��e has been an increase of 10% in the land and building p�pp��y tax�s, He sa�d there had been incxease of 7% in the last tw� y��xs. M�' ��-��;� said he �ould only reinterate that he woul�d be in �avor �� a��Q�xam that would be se�f support�.ng and also pay for some 4�h��° �k�ings in F�r��ley. ��, Q��.y�;r Exi��CSOn, 6Q56 Waody Lane N.F., said he ha5 heen a resident Q� Fr�dley for fifteen years, a memher of the Plannin�; Commission for sev�n yeaxs and he favoxed a�olf �ourse. tilr. Lricks�n said the City ��,ti a�.so have a nature center, �fe said he recallecl when the X�ICA w�s p�ppQS�d fc�r the area by Mooxe Lake. I-le said this had been a long cT��j� H� �asaidhie�clid�not�likerbeing�toldehowttoethinlc�onelway J-��iG�C�e ��A e H� ca� anoth�x by a neighborhood conunittee. ��, ��san said a great deal o£ money was spent on the report and h� had ��p�d �.he Cauncil would listen to the recommendation. � SPECIAL Pl1Bi,iC I�_;:'�}:I?vl; '•1EI:TI!�t;; J.F ..Tt1�;i� 'S, 19 %:% PAt=;?: 13 �Ir, N(yrl� Rice, 44z Rzce Creek Iiotilevard., said he was a resi�dent of Fr�,c�1�y an�l �s 100o for a golf course i�l North I'��x�k. ]yr, �p�'en Glatzmaier, said he is a businessman in Fridley and is v�ry �u�}� �,� #�avoz� of a golf course, M�', R�'d Tprrey, said ile thou�,ht the City would need both a nature cen��r &�c� � gcalf �ourse. fie added, he thought the advice of the consultant � wh� w�� as� �x�;ert , should be followed as tf��e advise of the doctor and �ttQxn�y a�'�; followed. He said the consultant had been asked for ��.� Frc�f�ssipnal advice. Mr. Torrey said the tax experise should be ��,�Cea� irlto cQnsideration and com�axed to the expenditizre. 1�1r. Tpxrey �a�� h� w�s in favor o� a golf course. • �r, De�� Harstad, sa.id he had been in business in Fridley for 24 y�ars. H� ��desd, he plays golf two times a year, and when he is in the fairway �,t i� a�Cidenia�. Iie said he scores 118 and is usually in the woods az�d water� Mr. }�arstad said he would favor a golf course. He added, ��,�� Qt�structiozi of the �olf course, the bu�inessrnen in the area �h�u�� et hehind tl�e ladies of the League and support the construction q� fih� �ature center. �x, I�i�ha�'d Llittes, 6291 Riverview Terrace, said he had been a resident t�� 'id�ey for twelve years. He said he thou�ht Fridley i��as the Edina pf th� north and should have a goli course. He said the puople who ax'e �r� favo�' of nature centers could spend a few dollar� and cr•eate a natu�� enter in their own back yards. He said he had spent some money fox' flawers anc:l seeds and has a ve�y ni_�.e nature center in his own yaxd. He said he. see� every species of bird in his own y-ard. Mr. Dittes sa�d a r�ature ce.nter could be estahlis3ied in other area� in l�ridley and 'GhEy would not have to be as etitravaga�l�C as tlze Richfielr� or Carver c�ntexs , buC �vould pxot�ably be l��yol�d wh.3t the p� o i ected expense is beeause �f inflationaxy ��ress�zres. ��, Robert Wanz��ng �aid he is a resident of Fridl�y and also a business- m�� with a manufactiaring company in Friclley. He s<�id t}Ie husin�ss had stood on the �;rounds that they would ba�k up the study and they would favor a golf ��,u�rse ��t� th_is t:ime. �Ir. �oger Larson ��aid he had been a resident of I�ri�llc�y for nine vears � and i� a nature lover. He said he ��ould su�port t}ie construction of a golf course in North Park. ' ' � � ' Mr, Donalci Weeding, 247 57th Place N.t:•, said he is a realtor and had been a home owner iTl Fridley for ten year•s. He said t}le County is gQ�i�g to do a stuay on the feasibility of a nature center and he did not see that F�ridley s}iould go ahead arid independently support a pro- )�� SuCh as this. lie said the tax payers of Fridley would have to bu�1d and maintain the nature center and he could not see this. Mr. Weedlt�g cont�nued by saying the people are concerne;i about their taxes at�c� i£ they� continue to rise, they,will move to other area�. He saic� th� �n�tallation of the golf course �aould raise funcls £or the City. M�', W�ed�r►g said he had been in the real estate business for fotir y��r:� �r�d he has transferred many people who �aanted to reside close to a go�� course. }Ie said he had never been aslced if there is a nature cen�er close to the proppsed �uture homesite. He said he would favor a. �o1f cour�e. � �__J ' ' Sp�GIq� PUBLIC HLARING ME�TING uf� JUN� 25, �y73 Pq�'� �5 ��e �en�ex could be developed as the funds are available. He add�d, th� ��ty would r�ot have to spend a half a million dollars at the pre- ssr�t tim�. SenAt�7� Schaaf said the mairitenance costs would also have to be considex'ed. Ha ment�-c�ned the YMCA had offered to assist irz the maintenance of the nature ��nt�r, �ena�,c�r ��haaf ' �ko �a�vvic�e some �entex �ould be ma�y zoo�, ' ' ' ' � said the School District� could be contacted and asked financial, support to the praject. He said the natuxe maintained by the charge of admission such is done in �e?nator Sck�aaf said another possible method of funding would be to dxaw bc�undr��s and create a subordinate service district for the facil�ty. ��e �aid he knew c�f other areas where this had been done and he thought t}�i� �QU].d be done for North. Park. He listed the area cc�mmunities w1�4 co�ld b� within the boundries and said this would be a nominal tau�'cien �� each of them. Senat�ar Schaaf referred tp the advertisement in the local ne��spaper �n wh�,�h it is st€�ted that the park land is a lass. He said this is nq� the case. I-Ie stressed the importance of conserving the natural �esQUr�.��. He said according to metro polls, this is the type o� l�nd us� the people want, He said he did not think the tax payers o� ��'a.d��y would have to finance the project, there are many qthex alter- na°��.v�� . ��anatc�r ��haa� said thexe are other areas suited £or a golf course , a�.d h� w�u�d favox the utilization of the na�ure Genter in North Park. �I ' M�yc��' �ie1�1 �aid he would like to make one statement in answer tp �csma�rk� by ��natax Schaaf, He added, the curxent tax structuxe �n Fxidley` ha� �c�me about thxaugh eight years of work on his paxt and ,��h.��° �memla�rs of the Council. He said he haped Senator Sch�af did �pend th� F�id�.eY tax Payexs money as freely as he was indicating �hs pxe��r�t time, the �r�t at �I�,�o� 1��.eb1 called on the chairman of the Nature Center Boosters , �ommitt�e, 1�1r. Adalph I�ukowski to make a comment. A member o� the �.�zdienc� said he would not be in attendance until later in the meet�ng. � � L_ J � ' M�, I,e�naxd Samuelson, 7800 East River Road listed some of the ques�ions pf the�axea such as the availability of the area, young people to use th� na�ur� center without bussing and the buffering of the area from the �but��ng industry. He said he would look at the economics of the ma�tex and would favor a�olf course, Mx, �h�xles Sheridan, said he is a resident of Fridley, a busiiies�man �,� �� ,��a �n� tfie �'re�ident of the Chamber of Commerce. He said he had� �tud�ed the matter of the golf course and naturE center in Frid�.ey �qr som� time. He said he had th,ought it would be bes� if both could b� ��-pui�l�a, He said they had agreed to support the results of ihe ��.uci�, He said the CYi�}�b��' k}ad �ls� �avored a method of funding the atudy �o th� �ity would not have-ha�i tQ pay £or it. He said he was in ��ypr of following the results of the findings ot Brauer �nd ASSOCiates. ..., , � � . . � . . . „ � , e�, P . . . � . . SP$CIAL PUi3LIC: ii�ARINv i�IEETING OF JU.'`�E Z,S, 19?s PAGE 17 Mx. Asmussen sa�.d hs wau:ld like to begin his presentation with an �ptalQ�y fQr the exxors iri the report. He pointed otit the variaus it�m� tQ be cprrected. He said the estimate for tY�e t�tilization for � natuxe �er�tex had been an oif the cuff estimate that had been obtained by tel�phqne in llecember af 1972 and this was a lower amount that was us��;d by �rauer. He �a�d he c�uld not agree with the Brauer report in the demand need �.5�ue. He s�id he also believed some soxt of c{uestionnaire shpuld have be�z� Qf��xed the people of the area for their input. He mentioned �he p��Qn which had been signed by over 3,000 people and favoxed �h@ su�►pcaxt af the nature center. He said he had not seen any other doeum�n��, Lut there were a number of different ways to determine the d�m�nc� o.f the area. ^�ir. Asmussen said the riumber of courses within the �en m�l� radius cannot be used accurately to i:ansider the demand factor, �e sited examples of this factor, Mr. Asmussen referred to the physical stanapoint of the North Park �x�a and said they were able to obtain copies of the original GOn- �ulta�ts �'epox'ts, done by Mr, Stone and A1r. Fondrick and said they h�d x'ecommended a nature center for the area. He said t�1r. Brau�r had p�ly used statements by each of the ��ien, not their entire report. Mr. �smu,�s�n quoted partions p£ the Stone report in which a nature cent�r was r�cc�mmended and said this had not been indicated in the �rauer repoxt. He �r�ad portions of the Fondrick report that supported the utili��.�ion �s a nature center. � Mr, Asmus�e� sa�d Senatox Schaaf had handled trie matter of the economics �� h4 matte� quite well. He said the nature center could attract many furiding �t�urces. Mr. Asmussen 5aid the Woodlake nature center does � ��eiv� don�tions of money and equipment. Mx`. A�mussez�stressed his feeling that the Brauer report did not , �d�;quat�ly assess th� demand factcar and that thexe had not been any survey made on tl�e use, �e said this would be a rare opportunity for a nature center, on land that is most suited to th�s use. He xeferred tQ the axea in which Woodlake is situat�d. He added, this area was th� , �nly ax�a remaining for such a use and it was developed for a natare ��;�ter ��r�d Fridley has a� ump on this factor . i� �� J ' , ' �;oun��.�.man Brezder xefarred tQ page 23 of the xeport and c�uestioned the �ost e�t�mat� used, He said the water control facilities and fencin� had nat been added to the estimate. FIe said if these £eatures were ��clua�a in the estimate, it would bring the two figures in line. He � �a�.d this would bring the �99,000 up to the $300,000 figu.re used by Mxw B�auex, ��e said they had tried to reduce the costs, but�the sewer sy�tem �ou]�d no� be eliminated, Th� �i.�y 1�anagex said he would like to comment on the mattex of po�iling £Qx pt�bl�c ap�nion. He said dif£exent answers are obtained by asking qu��i��ns �ucI� as tfiis, He said you wc�uld ge� a dif�erent ans�rer i£ �rQU ��C "would you like a nature center in �ridley", and "would you �ike a natur� center that cost "x" number o� dollars for each proper�.y own�r w'ith a$35�,Qp0 homein Fridley." He said he felt the people should be mox� i��v�m+�d or� the matter before any survey cQuld be ta�en. He add�d, to �� ,�xe was npt �nou�h i�fo�m��ion and perhaps there in not now. �� 1�ow; Fie said';"�the"ma ��er coul be defined. They wouJ.d have to �ia a�l� tq ex��'ess some �ii.rection on cost, � ,,,j �. s ,. u ' S�ECIA� �UBLIC ��EARING MF.ETING OF JUNE 25, 19?3 � �_� � , ' � PAGE 19 Mx. Maxcu��i said he had lived by l.ocke Park all of this life and this h�� be�omc� surrounded by �ndustry and r<�ilroads. He said this could �ot be used as a factor again�t the North Park area as a nature center i� th� x�ec+�mmeildation is fQr Locke Par�k and this ha5 already been surrounded by thess things. He queSti.aned what woula happer� to all of the picnickers, He said he thouoht the majorit�� of the people si�oula decide. M�'. Df��T� Caidweli, 5874 Hackmann ��venue, said two representatives fxom t,he i,��ue of Women Voters had niade a presentation to the Fridl�y DFL on th� us� o£ a nature center iri North Park. He added, after the pre- sentafi�io�n, �� vote was talcen and 25 members favored a nature center and non�e ��poseu the nature center. He said one abstained from voting. He said a uT�anirn�us vote is tanusual for thc� DFL. He said he would like to support a atatur� center. He aeldecl, not becau5e he does not want a golf cpurse, but because there is an increasing deterrent which includes t��e ai� we breathe. He said the City should preserve its natural resources fo�r pc�5terity, Mx. Caldwell stated he thought there was a true natuxal axea in North Paxk. , A�tudent from Anoka �2amsey Jr. College said she had an interest in the utili��tio� of the area because af the short distance from the c�mpus. ahe s�%d she was concerned about the short comings of the Brauer report , �n that tl��re was no complete attitude study. She said the demands Af the ax�� had not been sought. She continued sayi.ng the nature centex �ould be es�ablished with a lesser cost than was indicated in the rep4rt � by �rauer. She said the golf cours� would cre�te revenue, bu� this would t�+� a�ompletely irx�eversa.ble decision. She said, tragically, Gities �xe made for profit not for people. � ' ' � ' � Mx. Raland Anderson, a biology teacher who has been in Fr�dley six yeaxs ��.d he su�ported North Park as a nature center. He said this would �arqvide use by all age� and physical uses. He c�uesticaned if the bes� �hing� in life are free when the City would pay such a high price for �l�an aix and water. He said at this time he thought the matter a c{uestiQ� of values with the dollar being the prime consideratio�. He said i� t�� nature center would be cleveloped, he would be happy to �on.txibut� his share of th� �osts and he w�s sure ot}ie�s would £eel t�.e s�me . �Ix, ��s Parker, �Q56 South Circle, said he has been a residen� of �x�d1�y ��or t�'n years and was in the middle of the funnel when it went acxoss '�he �x��k. He said all of this land could be used as a nature �entex bu� i�. �h�re was to be a golf course he would favar an 18 hole course. He a�k�d i.f the course planned would be an 18 or 9 hoie course. H� sa�d k�� avored a nature center. �Ir, �.raue�' said it would be an 18 hole course. M�, Parl�ex said the nature center would provide a place �or ' a,�d �chcac��. students to ga to study the natural resources . t,�au�� pay the ;15 or $2Q a year �or this in�tallaticn. fIe axe ��.pt v� people tfiat play gol£, but tFiey could play in � He sa�.r� iaefs�re a decision is made, he would ask the Council ��t wha� ihe people want. , the adults He said he said there othex areas, to find �p�G�AL �uB�IC H�ARTNG M�ETING OF JUNE 25, 1973 PAGE 21 A� a f��her� he added, he would like to see a nature center in the �x��R Mx, ��orre said he is tired of h�arin� the amount tha insxalla° t�� t�� atuxe center would cast, when to take his fam�ly golfing i� w��d co�� $1� £�x only one time on the course. He s�id he woul� �� t� �� some wis� speriding and have the area saved for a nature ��n��x. �e said h� is willing to drive to another axea fox gol�ing. Mr. ��x�ard Fashi�gbauer, 110 Suzanne Ct,, St. Paul, �irec�or of th� W�r��r Na��xe Cente�, addressed the Council. He said he eam� in good w�� o offex suggestions to the Council as his commun�ty had gons �h��gh �� sam� procedur� eight years ago. He said this was th� fir�� na�u�e ��t�� i� �he State of Minnesota, He said ��er� area s�hQOl s�ud�� tha� travel i� miles round trip to visi� the center. He �dd�d� �h�� i� quite an expense, He Said the demand for the nature ��t�x is u�believable. He said they are open every day and have p��Q �� he wai�ing list. Mr. Fashingbauer invited �he Cou�c�l to vi�� h� n�ture centex and t�anked them for their time. May�� 1 �sk�d how large the area o� the nature center is. Mx, � �ash�n�b�u�� said it i� 350 acres. He added, they buy every acxe �h�y c�fl. H� continued sayin� ihey will buy over�razed pastux�s fpx �8�p �ax a�r�, Mr. Fashingbauer said they receive volunteer help ' f�pm h�u��wives who donate a day a week to the cen�er. He s�id there ar� ��ut 7� ladies and th�y do a first class job. Mr. Fashingbauer �a�� h� £�1� ihe center is doing a first class job. � � i � � � , � , ' Ms, Li�a Txeuenfels, 5248 Horizon Drive, said after a recent ra�n she �Q�nd a deer traGk in Narth Park and made a plaster cast of it. She sa�d the b�av�� in the axea are not bot�ered by passing trains. Miss �x�u��ls said th� area is pretty. Mr, Ed ��ersak, 625 Fairmant N.E., said he has lived an this s�de af �h� xivex a�l of �is life and xemembers when al1 0� Fridley was a na�uxe ��, H� �a�a he is opposed to the government always spending his ��y £pr recreation. �e said he has only played one game of golf in �� if�. He added, i.f �eople want t.o study nature, they can dx�v� out �Q �� Av�ry Game Farm. He questioned if a nature center is ne�d�d w�� th�re �s already one close, Mr. Pi�rsak said he �uestioned i£ �ach �ammunit� should �evelop such a cenier creating six tp ten in the �x�a, H� sa�d that Senator Schaaf has mentioned the money could be abtained �r�� he �ounty and State, but, the citizens also contribute to the C�unt� and Stat�, Mr, F�er�ak said he did not want a golf course and he would like ta see i�du��y or commercial development in the area to raise money for �he C�ty, He said if there has to be a choice of either a nature center �r a�o�f caurse, the golf course would be closest to industry and a r�venue producing activity, so he would support th.is over a nature �en�ex� Mr. Piersak said his taxes had increased $100 the last year. N� sa�d he did not think the community of Fridley was big enough to su�p��t i�e laD acre nature center, but the golf couxse �ould be se�f su�pQ�t��g. ' �p��,i� �'U�I�IG HEARING N�EI:TING OF JUNE 2S, 1973 PAGE 23 �'�,� �eegar', �- ��,�' 3�4 Ironton St. N.E., said she was a member o� th� a� �p� N�r�h, park committee. Mrs. Seegar introduced Mr. Dpn Fp�ndriGk, t��x��, �l� t . �x, ��x��,�C addressed the Council and stated the involvement of the p,��;� ��p�l students should be a conearn� 1nr�vatemconcexns�� Heladded�Y ��x °�� na�tu?'e cent�r would b� donat y p �.� the ax�a �lid not prQV�se°some�timebin theafuture� center, it could b� ��n��1 to a golt coux Mx�, Sh�.xl�y C$�dW�'�-�, 5$�4 Hacicmann Ave. N.E, asked if the WoQdlaks I�atux� �e��er emP1QYs �rofes$ional people? Mr. Fondrick sai.d �hexe �,r� p�c�p�e with professional training, and many volunte�rs. He said �h�:y emgl�y on� naturalist! one secretary and one half time natuxalist. j�� ,�,� �� eenter ha� been visited by 18,000 people this year and thi.s ��;ur� �ou�.d nqt be broken down by age groups. He said ther� i� a �xcawi�:� n�mber af people a11 �he time. He added, the center was aided i,n �t� �unding by Hen�epin County with a contribution of $200,OOQ for �� ,��,��. H� said at this time the centex agreed that th� facility wt�uld b� u��d ry the public, He said three days have been set aside �p� �}�Q�� Richfi�ld and two days for those outside the area. He added, weekends are fox general public use. A�r. Fondxick said the ��,��n�� Qm Fridley are being bussed to the center at the present t� im� , �r, Ch,axle� Sheridan said it would not be an accuxate count � c�� student� who attend the cen�QUrsrto the�areahalsoded many ��ude�fis alsa attend scouting � � � u � , ' ' � �� by a numbar of the �h� ��.�y Mana�ex sug�ested the school districts in the area be contac�ed �� #.h,e�,x �up�aoxt in an area nature center. Mr. Fondxick said the schoe�l ��.��,��, ��, �h� axe� �as not cantxibuted any financial suppvxt, but �h�y ax� rece�ving the assistance �rom the teachexs and a moneto�'y Y��,�� a��,� b� ��a�� y� �,�i� �ype of assistance, The City Manager �.sk�d Mx. �'ondric� �.f he believed the school districts shoul.d��had� in t'�� und�.n� Qf the �atux� center? Mr. Fondxi�k said yes, �Q��a�,�� t�� choo� dis�.xict and asked them fox theix support. Ho ��,�� .ary o� a natuxalist would came tp about $1Qa0Q0 a y�a�x'. Mre Daxv�.n Aahl said wou7.d onl� b� fa�r a i.nv��v�d �.n �o].£. he disagreed with the stateme�u� ��eo le�are ��uxs@ select few. He added, many y � P P �r, ��h Spoxre said he disagreed with this as the beginn�r cannot �z�d �h�u�.�d not play an the golf course. He said thexe are ll pexsons Q� �� Y001 golf team out oi thousands of students. He said the b�g�nn�r �nd learner should play on the driving range. He added, t�e U��y��y pf Minnesota refuses to T11oandhswinWhshouldbnotnberlearned �h�� Q�x$e, He said the proper g p S Q� �}�� ,��r��. He said after 1ae �Q��aonnthescoursechieved, then �,�d ��,��r �h�� sh.ould someone p y� g ,� �e��c�ent said there are only twenty-one boys and nineteen girls out �� ,QQO on the golf team. ' PAG� z5 SpE�IqI, PU�LZC I�EI�RINC, MEETING OF JUidE 25, 1973 ' M�� ,��u�� d it is the use of HUD funds that places th�se restxiG�ions Q� �� yp� pf i_nstalJ.ativn. He said there are not many restr�.Gtis�ns W�,�� ,j�� use o�' LAWCON funds. He said tk�e only restriction would be , �n&� �,�� lp��y is used for recreational �urposes. ' �J ' �J ' ' � ' � , , � ' ' ' u Mx. �ps��'x� qu�s�ioned i.f some green feesica111and.uSMayo� piebldsaid the impxov�n��nts Qn t}�e facility on the phy m��,� �,�,��ci by t}�e membexs of the Counci1 and himself that evening ��p�.�a.z��d there ar� �used�forlthe�establishmentxo£ aAgo�f �oursa a�d ��.s�� nd� ��uld be �c��,n��.�m�r� �e� saici thexe are very few places in tha Brauer xepart�w�h�xe �� nformation available that can be checked for accuxacy. ��,��d �.o page 79 and said the ampunt listed for assistants salary �,��u��, �� ,pp0 rathex than $7,OQ0. He asked what the detexm�ning ��Q�s w�x� in quoting a building size and price? Mr. Brauer said he �� u��d $�5 to $30 per square foot. He added, this wQUl�d include ��x�,��g �i�e 1ab, adm�nistration, exhibits, lavatory, etc, He said �� wa� t��.�� bo�t a build�ng of about 4,OOQ squar� £e@t. ��tn.e��m�z� Nee asked how many people would be em�loyed by the program a�d What �he hour basis would be. Mr, Brauer said this maY be �en hpur� �� ay, �QUr�c�lman Ne� q,ue��ioned if this wauld mean 7Q per w�ek? Mr, �xauer said this w�ould depend on the effectiveness of the peapl� �m�a�,c�yed. He said he ]�ad �one by zhe £igures of the Woodlake nature ��r��x, He �aid what is gained by this e�mount wOUld d�perid on the ��'�'i.�a�en�:y Q� �h� staf�, �� ,��cl� Said at the nature center he manages, it is s�pen 1.18 hours p�r week. G4uncilman Nee asked i� this would also xelate to the numb��' �f hours the ��a�f. ��uts in? Mr. Fondrick said there axe two ways o� ��5�,�,��g tY�e hauxs fac�ox, He added, the center is open more houx's �.�� h�; l�uil,din�. Mr. Fondrick said the center is open acGOrding to th� sun �ight� He said the nature cente� is opened early �n th� marning by tha ma�r�tenance man . �,��,��,��,�n� Nee asked what was the nature of the proposed golf buildin�. �r, ��raue� �aid th�s would ba a public facility�QnSpendcfoxtaYsnack� �QUr►cilma� 'N�e �aid $1QO�Q�O is a lot of man�y ��'�� M�� r��e� Sam�axedWto ancountry�elub�� a public building and t,his �QU�d nc�t be co p �QUZ��.lman Nee said he did not feel the school board's had made any s�.atem�nts in �.he matter Qf the utilization, Mr.Brauer said the board'S �Q��,� �Qt make aQ�here�chool boaxdes hadlnotnhadlanyeinput�onnthe£ma�t�r, l�f� ou� as the ��, �x�u�x said he felt that the City had hired him to make an impart�al ��i��c�n and the decision was not a political judgement. He said this wt�s �is op'inion af what was best for the City of Fridley. He said h� �a,s k�_ixsd as an expert. Eie said he was not able to get the in�ut �xom t�.� sehaol distxicts. Hi�gtod et the publictinputnY H�dstxessed,&thaxe T��,c� �a�l� �rQm many peop S �� bee�1 nv lack of ir��t�� p�� HEARING ME�TING OF JUN� ZS, 1973 �� ' ' �1 � ' ' �J , � ' ' ' ' , IJ ' ' ' ' � �� a�� h� i� aware af the questian ��,�� y i� six ca�paigns and has nevex � �� ur��a �e �dd�d, nq �ne has asked him of dema�d, h� ha� wa�ked had anyo�e ask �im f�x far a �a�ure �e��r �ith�x. �� a�d some people are happY with �hs xep9r� �nd sorne are not, �� he C�ty sh�uld �it down with the Cou�ty �� look at th� prv�os�lst H� �aid the s�at� sl��uid also b� asked to partici�a�e. He said heble� t��.k�d �c� man� peap7 e and Brauex and �ssociate� has tk�e l�est pc�� _� ��p�,��°��, as ai� expert �ai�.nning cansultant. He said ths City wou�d a�l�r� l�av� '�� e� th� in ut from �he schaol di�tricts on their po��ibl� suppo�'�� ,� �� &�� ei�y p� Coon Rapids has had some support �xom �he� M y ��u��,`y �x�, �I>� com�letiQZ� ra� ih�ir golf GQUrse, He said �he Ramsey �QU��,� �r�� i� cons icl� rir�� thc �icc�ui �ition of :�00,000 aeres £ox a n��ux� ��xi��r p�'oj�ct , lIe tiaic� � f tY,e Caurieil is unable ta tnake a deG�.sic�r�, i� wQ�t�c� have t4 b� let�t tc� the voters next fa11. ��e sa3�d he p�rsQnally �,�� a� �Q1f �QUrse woulc� n�z be a deterent to the envixonment, H� �aid t�h+�y haYe �o he responsa.b�e for the £inanGial aspect. Ha said the �caun�� wi��, als4 be �^espqnsbile for f�ndin� out what the peo�l� ar� W��,�� Q p�y �or. II� saa.d they- }lave to decide i� theX want � Cadil�a� p� � wxe�k�c� FQxd. ti� �aic� i� the Jf��ision is fo�� a nature c�i��er, h� w�►t��.c� l�.ke the eenter ta l�� mQxe than putting a trai�er �ri the prop�r�y �� i�� „ He said if this is dane� Fridley would be the lau�hi.ng �� c�� .hs �I�tr� area. �a�y�ax� ��b1 sa�d t}�ey would also have to justify the insta��.at�,on of �h� �,�� QUxs�, �Ie added, he has thr�e girls and three boys and thQy �� 1,cay� nature, and he did not think they would be playing golf, He► �,��, h.� �,� ��sponsibls £or the thoug}�ts of the senior ci�izens and the �Q�k��;� �n��, �nd �he man whQ owns a cottage. �e said the nature centsx t�ou�.� h�.v� �Q be a�proved by the people in a vote if �ther financin$ �� tc�� ok��ain�d fox it, He saa.d h� realizes the City has to fight th� S�a�x� ��` �Yery t�af£ic light they get�. Mayor Liebl said thexe ar� many �Q�p�.� w�o ar� ccancernec� with th� tax dollax. M�� c�lman Starwalt to receive the 1et�er ��am Schoo� DistriGt p��e� �.� ��a�d to the Noxth Park utilizatior�. Seconded by Councilman N�,�� S vc�ice vote, a11 voting aye, Mayor Liebl declared th� mo�is►n �axr�.ed �nanimously. �p'�� 'b� �ouncilman Breider to adjouxn the Special Meeting of the Pri�ieY ��y �e�u��i� on North �ark. Seconded by Councilman Starwalt. �tpon a yc�a.�,� y�te � a11. votin� aye, Ma�or Liebl d�clax�d the mo ion xxied un��im�usl and the Special Meeting of the Fridley City'��5'P le matter �f ��,a u'�il.�.�a��.on of North Park adj ourned at 12 . 3Q a. rn. � �s�p��u�.1y submi�ted, �~_�j '�'t'``..e�..�.��i C �� ! �•` �'��x�.c�.� �11�.s ��,��x�r �Q �h�� C�ty Cou�.c�l �rank G. Liebl � Niayo� � FRIDLEY CITY COUNCIL MEETING ' P�EASE SIGN NAME ADDRESS AND ITEM NUMBER INTERESTED IN DATE: NAME ADDRESS ITEM NUMBER ' -----aa=sc=c�ca ca-�R_�-------=====co=-��o=====�o=ca�oo� -xa=a�acaa=�aeo=a=c==oo�o ==ac== _a� q ---- .� ___-_ � _--- u�- ^ �� I 2 _ f� ti. �. � � � 2i � � ► �- /v . /�� C� . ' -- ��-- �v ��-,� �� / � �/ . �s-y.s- ��so� T- , � dL /c - . ___ - � �, . � 7� � _ ,^ �.� . - � � �Q � � � � � 'a�o�� /U�� C � _ � �' >r �i ' c Q/ ��/ - j�J�ss/ SS i!�� i �7" o �C. � C �� /v� 0 - � �i �,� = `7� �r ' � ��'� .� � 3 � � G� � � ' �m�, -' o��C'� \� � ��.0 �--r � E V -�, �1�h./4, . �'11. � % �`�/ ` �� '� • �Q�-e- n . , . r . II/'� � � �,�'�.�J .S �� ,G�-�-� � ��,N��, ��.s fi � w�� , �:��i�1�.1�.�__ .1�� - - � , � .... � i i V ��J � � _ �' � � ►: .� ci��//� ; , ��.��.�� , , , �: l,' ... .�. , ,�i , � � . . �l� ' FRIDLEY CITY COUNCIL MEETING ' P��ASf SIGN NAME ADpRESS ANQ ITEM NUMBER INTERESTED IN DATE: NAME ADDRESS ITEM NUMBER ��cco=ac=zc�amcc=�ac _�___==acccm=cc=c-=ccc�c===oc��co_��a�c�a=caa�a��a��a�ac=-c-�=�=�c==aq_ � �� 'n,i � A `� � / � 'L �--t�'-' �l � /% .s � �J� .-�— l /� �9 /� � � . � i� C.�l. 1 G � =� ;� . � 0 �� t.c.�.,c. � �� r - �sl� � i: /�C � � C� �� _ 5 0 /SS/ S 5 r %� o � �z � � o _ . ��—'". . � � , �� t�i U R f z. ��✓... .�/-� , �� —� ,3 , � . (a � �% 02 - � /a ,r(.��7 — 7�' �� r�i . � _Z7� _ ',�'�Fl� � � � � �r J ��-�. �� — � � l 0 � S� � �d-� � . � l 5 �� G� �` �- f� c�, � � 8�� . z - �c S� . �O b 7D-- .'� , . �� ' �'��L � i�-I�� v�J��-� !� . . � � � �o�� G �� i i/ I ua�' c� r� t, �c�, P. /.r �i� �� ,�.s,a��= L° c.ufg 7�� ,, �� FRIDLEY CITY COUNCIL MEET�NG P�EASE SIGN NAME ADDRESS ANR ITEM NUMBER INTERESTED IN DATE: G- a 5-� 3 ' NAME ADQRESS ITEM NUMBER �=====ac=xc=amc===co:-.=:�=o=�===cx===a=a==a====a==�=�cc=o�cs/aco===aaoao==aa==aG=s=-coa=cc=oc^=� ^! �l � rr 8'lCa ✓ 1� _ ' S—J. �/ � \ � J� i �-�-t.�' n n y .�%�_ c � � �_ - G � - C � �;= �s— �� o� �- � �%�� .�� ' 9- 3 ' �� .� z , �/ � / AI /.�i i( /1 /� �i i ��'1 / �n F% � CO /1 s � � T� / ��.1 � � C:__ � , �l � I ; i , - I � , i" � �, '� , �1 �� i � - �► 1.�e�� i � ,- � I' _�.,�" I.u�.�!�_. - .. i[ _� __ �L _, .! ' � / l � ' �� i.'i�i� 1 1 � , � � -- �. �� '��I�� . .II � � iI/��! .�;•a � � 1l . . �� L.r_. � � � > � ' � �� ` ' � ' I � /�� _� �� '— � --- �.�� i% J �:- ' � . � ., : � i � � � i � �� - f i ,. . � � � � ' � i / / � 1 • I ' � � �'� � / � ��./.�✓�f%!' !� � i �/ , . i , i �. . :,; � � fi . � ✓ /I.%..�..�� . ,, " � FRIDLEY CITY COUNCIL MEETING , P�EASE SIGN NAME ADURESS ANO ITEM NUMBER INTERESTED IN DATE: NAME ADpRESS ITEM NUMBER �a====�e=x==_moo==�o�:====o- ---- --------- --- --- -o=a�=sc= oo==aa�ao�oo=n=ae=o=-o-� _ � ----- ---=----4---Q� ° , �.� r . _ ,�� _a�s�� //„ %. .- l-ii/I��°� � �"% �_ �i/� /�i�� O�/ �O,��ir�;,n/ � ��3��6 ��,�.�_ ��C �,� � c �n �� r! 0 � 0 ' .. . . a .. � • � Mr. Sol Schildhnuse Federal Cor�munications Cemmiss ion Washin�ton, D.C. 20554 I�,E 4000-0 and CAC-17?.2 !�IIV07 7 �ear Mr. Schil.�hause: Reference is made to your letter oi May 14, 1973 to Mr. James Greeley, attorney" for General Televis ion, Inc. in which ��ou comment on the CAT�I Franchise i_ssued 1�y the City oi: Friciley to General Tele��ision. In it you comment oti two deviations from FCC rules concernin� the iranchi ,e fees in the I ridle.y CATV Franchise Ordi,nance: (1) that the Franctiise provides for the payment of 5% instead of 3%, wi_thout justiLication bein� prov;.de�� in the applicati_on. (2) that FCC rule (Secti_on 76.31b) requires that any fee chargFd the CATV operaY.or by the municioali_ty shall be appl?ed onl.y to the suUscriber revenize base, not to the �ross revenue base. In your letl;er to Mr, Greeley you do not sa� that your Certifi.cate of Compl iance has heen deni.ed on these �rouncis, or that it 471.11 be denied. However, General Televisibn would have us_bel.i.eve that this is the case. At the request oF General Televisian, Inc., the Fridley City Council has scheduled a�'ublic Heari.n� to con�ider an Amendment� to the Franchise which would reduce the `ranchise fee to either 5% or 3; of gross subscriber re��enues. There is o�posi.tion to makin� this change which is coml�ounded by the Fact that the or.ciinance was adopted on a very narrow niar�in by a reCerendum vnte c,t the. r�ople. . Twa� questions will be raised as part of the Public Hearin� which seem to require speci.fic answers from the FCC. � { _. . . . 1. . . r-r�= Pg. 2 n 1. Has the FCC, in fact, denied "Certification" for this franchise, or is it correct to say that the "Certitication" will be denied on the grounds described in ;►our lei:ter to Mr. Greeley.^ It will be very dif.�icult to conduct a Public Hearing on the question�unless there is a clear statement by the FCC that the 0 rdi_nance, as the public adopted it in referendum is indeed f_atally ilawed. 2. Please provide us wi_th the documentation af your authority i�o adopt and enLnrce such a rule which seems to infrin�e on franchising po�•�ers gra�ted the City of Fridley by the State. Please be specific. m�ponents of the proposed amendment ar�ue that the r'CC does not have authority in this:area (concernint� conditions the City may pl�ce on the use of public right-of-way and other related matters,) Conune nt The Fridley CATV Franchise Ordinance establishes a CATV citizen's committee which (among oi.her things) has the responsibility of promot?_ng the u.se o� CATV services i_n the ��ublic interest, Presumably, this would eventually involve support of a public productian staff, � contributions to publ;_c �rodiiction f<-�cility costs and audience promotion. It has been arnued that 5% (or 30) of- subscriher revenues !on a potential subscriber bas? oF 5,000 or 6,0�0 at most) cannot fund the activitie.s with which the CATV citi?ens commi.ttee is char�ed under. the orc�inance, It is also argued that the dynaeiics of usir_g the subscri_b�r f-ee as a base mitigates a�ai_nst the Ci_i:y e��er. supporting the reduction of subscriber fees in the. future cah�n other revenues r.eplace subscriber fees as the main source of CAT�T i_nc�me. Op�onents a�so claim tha� the FCC does not have the authorit��, ei*her L-rom Congress or by judici.a.l intrrPr.etation to preempt this matter. O�ponents claim that tt� FCC does have authori_ty (by v�rtue oL a Supreme Court i.nterpretatian of the Communications Act) to re�ulate CATV only to the e<ctent necessary to car.ry out its res�ensi.bilit?_es to �rotect the vita�ity and intere�ts of broadcastinJ, and th�.t the Supreme Court expressly declined l-.o rule on other jurisdiction.al claims made by the FCC. Thererore the rCC must sho�r that its rules concernin�; franchi_se. f'ee limits are necessary to protect the �nterests of the hroadcastin�; ind�_istry. If this is not correct, ar_d the I'CC now has been i*,iven broacler authority w�ll you please supply us with thc appropriate las� and/or ca.;e .l•aw which establisll�s your juri_sdi.cti_c�n. � Sincerely, � LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF FRIDLEY FRIDLEY, MINNESOTA Tlze Fridl�y C�.ty Cauncil City� Af Frid2ey 6431 University Avc. N.E. Frial�y, r�., 5543z Re: Nor�th Park Consultant Stuciy Gsntlemsn: The I,Qagus has briEfl„y rsvicwed the final Brauer report on North Park, and v�uld lik� to call your att�ntion to several items we are canc�rn�d about. G�.v�n morQ time for study and r�vview ther� may be othsrs, but w� would 7iks ysur imrsediate attentien io th�ss areas. As ycau will rscall, we indicated in a Ietter of May 4, 1973, sevesral •�.ssians, instances where inisl�ading �.nfc�rmation was �:vcn mr unfair compa.ri- ssns wsrs made in the prslimi.nary report. i�1s still f�nd same in the fi.nal re- Port• W� apprcrove and appraciate ths matrix value syst�an th� study has utilizcd to detsrm3.ne th� suitability of NQxYth Park as a Idaturec Center or a C�lf Cmurse. Since both the land manag�:n�nt soecialist r�ir. SteanQ and th� naturalist special- ist Mr. Fondrich arrived at the sarn� conclusion, that a riaturs cent�r xc+uld best su.it th� land and its charact��istics, it seams r�asonabl� ta us to assuzae that that might be th� sin�ls most i,mportant factar in det�rmining its us�. Despit� the autcam� ef thes� studies, thou�h, 1�1r. Brauer h�,.s ciiosen t� rceonr- mend the construction of a golf c�urse on the basis of faetors other than its suitability. l�J� finel he has used some misleading data to justif� Yiis final racemmendatian. Ta enumerate incansistenc�ies, errars, and/or misleadi.ng data ws found: 1) On page 3, Fincli.ngs and Recesmmendations, it is stat�d that Janes F`.i.eld is unsatisfactory f�r a g€slf caurse b�cause ��pol.i.tics and bureaucratic "r�d tape�► ma.k�s it only a v�ry remote pcassibili.ty for Fridlcy.�� On pag� k� thsn, ths reocsrt statc, and ,��es in daing so, that it w�uld b� a simple matt�r for Fridley t� 1eb��.n 3.m.�nediately to develop a compr�h�ns�ve pro�ram of nature in- terpretation and autdoQr �ducati�n in caaparatian with aI2 of the school dis- tricts , Anaka and Ra..*ns e.Y CQtznt.Y. 2) B�g�nning �n pag� 14., the study does list eerrectly thE numbor af g�lf eAUrses in tn� arsa. (A very small, but legal limit si.z• 1000 yds. wh�rs Brooxland, wnich is listed, has 1031 yds. c�urs� fvr w�m�n, childrsn, and duffers, in Ossmo, ca.Iled Scot TeQS, has been emitted, but it is an understand- abl� omissi�n sincQ it is listed in the Yellaw Pages only undor Golf Practice Ran�es.} The quarrel we have with this data is that it has been incor�dt�ly transferred to ths dia.gram (Plat� I): Coan Rapids and t4ajestie Oaks, both n�arby, have 27 hole e�urses, but are diagramned as having snly 18. The sam� Affiliated with the League of Women Voters of the U.S. �- �g �� I ' I ' I , I' �' �� ' I'' I';' Pa�� inforniation appears mn Platd 3. SincQ it is natural that the casual reader is more inclin�d tea l�ak at diagra�s than to r�ad and ass�milats all ths facts from tha� writi.ng, we feel the pr�s�nta�i�n is misl�ading. 3) Pa�a 19 c�m?�aax•es Fridlcy, the m�tropslitan arca, th� statc and natimnal narms as t� pepulatian �� csurss, bu� ci�cs not takd i.nta ac�ount such other fact�rs as eliu��e, which d�t�r�ninos the n�nbar �f m�nths p�r y.�ar the game can be played, hanco snust hav� s��:-�� b�aring �n t12ce n�nb�r of pErs�ns vrho t�nd te dcv3tc ti�n� ta l�aTn th� game, �r ratr�s �f taurzs�: n�vr many peaple fre3m �ut of state c�ine te r�innesata t� g�lf? And is n�t tI�e t;�ical Fri.dl�y f�:-�i.l;?, which is y�un� with children (p. $- 10) i�ss �i�c�Iy tQ be fre�u�nt g:�If�rs than �h� sli�tly ald�r, au�rar afflu�nt c�upi� �,rith �ccn a�� ar �ldcr childran? i��nilc �.t is pr�ababl� true than rn�st Fridl�g farniLies ca.n ai�m�d fc� bas�d ar�as and act�.vitZCS, the r�por� ceriainl� da�es n�t sh�� that th�r� is any gr�at d�;nand fr�r thcm. �.) Pabc 25 indicateas that n�ne �,� the f�eur sch�r�l districts oxi.sting in tho city o� Fridl�y has an �utdo�r �ducat��n d�pa.rtm�nt �r spec�fi.c program, and that ths prsbabl� reas�n is tha� a r�ali�n�nt �f traditi�nal classra�m s�hedulin� w�uld bas raquir�d far such a pr3gram. Ths c�nclus�.�n i��r�s �hs j�mrs l��ca1 reasen far such a lack af pragram: �hat �f lack mf a nearb;� sit� witn c�mpl�tc faciliti�s. Bus�.ng students te sit�s far distant with imcomoletc grdgrams is costly bath in tern�s sf tim� and m�ney. A corcp��to p�agrari c�uld alsa� serv� griva.tc and par'- chial sc.�xs�ls and the handicapba:d in pubLic and pri.vat� facilities; �,st ef th�s• sch�als suffcr fr�m th� sa��e laek �f pregram f�r th� same lack ef faciliti:s. 5) The sr�all dia�n �n page 3Q *��.i.ght Iegicall� hav� c�mpar�c� the physical charaet�ristics ef IJ�rtY� Park writ� th�s� ar�as includcd th�r�. Its inclusi�n weuld have indicai�d v�� w�ll i.�.s enviroru-�ental suitabilit�r fr+r Naturs Cantcer uss, in that it c:�ntains f�r�st, �,rsh, epen water, stre�ams, prairio, savarinah, brush, and wildlife. 6) Plate 2 Lists �iaj�r Interprcta�rE Cent�rs and Reserves. (Incidentally, Elm Crgsk, #1 �n ihc �.i�t, has its C�te�r �n thc ep�msi:te sid: �f icnc ar�a, henca is actua)1y outsids t12a 10 inttc radius, C�rvcr Rcsasrve, ,'��4, is further than 20 L-u.lss, Carlws Av�ry Ga�e Fr�s�rvc, ;�I2, is furt:�cr th�n 15 m.il�s a.nd is �gAn to hunt�rs during s�mQ s�as�ns. Further, tl�as 7.ist incZudas such ar�as as the Tvrin C�.ties Arsenal� whil�, acc'rding tm Dir��t�r af Security rlartin �Firhardt "non� of ths area is epen t� tne pul�lie, n�r �ara]1 b� in th� farseeabl� flztur�s. Art:ied guards ar� at all gat�s ar�d th� ar�a is c�mpl�t�ly f�nccd �ff." It Iists Pa��r Lake� which is a privat� ar�a. It na.r.��s I,�c�c Park, which, acc�rding �� P�r. St+�ne t s a.nalysis "is gr�sen�ly subjact�d �� its high�st and besi us� as par�E �f tha cemacunitJ park syster.�, and is ne►t a g�gd wild iifc ar�a.T� It lists Lak• Joseghin�, which has ad�itt�dly ��antans� us� during �hc sumracr which j��pa,rdizas tYte quality of i.ts use�." This lsst �f 21 t,i.ves the false ii�.pr�ssien that w� ar� surr�undsd by a larg� nwabdr •f l�ature Ccntcrs, wnich is r.et actually the cass. 7) Pla�m 3 is perhaps th� m�st �asleacling �f the diagrams. It c�mpar�s again, a.s it did in the preliminary r�p�►ri, 2b golf c�urses as sitcs, while �nl„� 2 sf the 26 are not actually davelepad as c�rurses, and 20 natur� education areas as sitas, �il� nenQ but 3 are actu,ally da�el�ped as c�ntc�rs. d:nong thc sites is Camp Locks- lea, whieh mi�ht under cor�tain c�nditians be used by the gen�ral public, alth�u� the Mpls. Uirl Scr,ut C�exncii �ndicatcd that Girl Sceuts havs first prierit� use, and Fresk-esnds arn dev�tesd y ear r��:nd t� their exclusive uss. �leek days are seme- tiinas availabl� an a pr�-scheduldd rental basis. The hipls. �;rater Werks is alsa ?istod as a pa.rk and r�crcati�n s3te, but, acc�rding t• Jim Hayak,, Directsr of tha Mgls. Watmr D�pt., th� area is n�� op�n ia the pubLic; a very few campany activities and picnics for empl�yees only ar� hcld there. The �unds are fsnced, and h� �ays that listing the area as an actual �r p�t�ntial nature intdrpretive ar�a'is �tmisl�ading." I� such areas as �.�cso are listed as Nature Ed�a.cati�n Sitcs, th�sn it migh� be lsg.'►.ca1 te Iist such vari�d th�.ngs as driving ran�cs, puttin� gr�sens, 2� I�t pags 3 and mini.ature g�If coursos as golf fac3lities. Plats 3 gives a fals� i�pressisn that wo ars much msr� surreundad by public •p�n spaco than is actually ths case. fior th�s� reasens, we must c�ncZude with D�n Fondrich: "If in fact enl.,,� 123 acres are available I pers�nally fe�I a h`atura Canter w0uld serve mare p�c�ple for more months ef tho ycar and fAr inoro haurs of a day than a g�lf cour$e. The I�ss •f iroes, pands, and aniinals te fairways and gr�ens wcruld be regrettable. Thank yeu fer y�ur attention t: thes• peintso � r15� Barba.ra Hughes Presidsnt �Q �_ � J4an Sch�ll Prssident—Elect ;' � .�' � June 20, 1973 n City of Fridley 6431 University Avenue N.E. Fridley, Minnesota 55432 Attention: Mayor and City Council 2C � � ��Y -:.. 0 SUBJECT: Golf Course and Naiure Center We at Onan feel that it is necessary to express our views and feelings regarding the controversial subjects of a golf course and a nature center. Fridley is a very progressive city and is entitled to enjoy the fruits of a golf course and a nature center. This is the stand adopted by the Fridley Chamber of Commerce, and we agree. At times, in our business, we find it necessary to use the services and expertise of consulting firms. Brauer and Associates has provided the City of Fridley with an unbiased, professional study and we feel this should provide the necessary information needed to make the proper and just decision. � �.�C�,��s.�i�� 2, Bill Fisher Employment Manager bl cc: Fridley Chamber of Commerce 1400 73RD AVENUE N.E. • MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55432 •(612) 786-6322 A O!V/Sl`JN Of ONAN CORPORATION � ' L� ' ' 1 ' ' IM � i �. . � OFFICE OF TI-� CITY MANAGER FRIDLEY, MINNESOTA Jwle 25, 1973 Tf-� MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL tTTILIZATION OF LAWCON GRANT , In response to a question from Co�.mcilman Breider this date concerning whether land acquisition through a LAWCON Grant can be utilized for a golf course and hence a potential profit making ' ventur�, ihe following is submitted: Mr. Bill Atkins, Director of Park and Recreation Grants Section, State Planning Agency, wa.s contacted and indicated that golf course land acquisition and development is a legal and justifiable use of LAti9CON fi.mds. ' The following attachments are sutanitted. for our � y review from the Minnesota Outdoor Recreation Plan--1968, prepared by the ' &u�eau of Planning, Minnesota Department af Conservation. Very respectfully, ' ��°�� / 1 • �Q.t?��'J � f� ' Gerald R. Davis City 1►�anager GRD/ms ' �J ' ' ' ' � T� FOLLOWING ATTAQ�IENTS ARE FR�i '741I1Wi ESOTA OUTDOOR RECREATION PLAN - 1968 l. Golf Courses 2. Map; Golf Courses 3€�4. Golfing Projections and Charts Showing Needs 5. Showing Responsibilities for Providing Facilities 6. Determined Deficiency to be met by 1980 (Golf) 0 GENERAL STATIl�IENTS : 1. Scope and Objectives of the Plan 2. Findings of Supply and Demand Surveys � ' �� , , � ' ' ' ' ' - � LJ ' LJ ' � ' The greatest number of campsites are in Region S with Regions 7 and 5 following in that order. The number of sites available for tent or trailer c.amping outnumber those for tent camping and reflect the growing demand for camper and trailer ramncitva FACILITIES, LAND - BASED ACTIVITIES - Golf Conrses There aze 273 golf courses in Minnesota with a combined total of more than 3,000 golf holes. Qi this number, 30 per cent are in the metropolitaA area (R:egion 11). Figure 14 shows a fairly wid� spread distribution of golf courses throughout the state. T�he inventory was based on "holes of golf" due to the fact that 9-hole,l8-hole and 36-hole golf courses are all included and it was felt the capacity more closely related the number of holes provided rather than total size, distance or type of course, , \ � , I ....., . • Table 12 ' NIIMBER OF HOLES OF GOLF AND PERCENT OF TOTAL BY REGIONS, MINNESOTA, 1l67 �i Re�ions 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 E ! 1� 11 Total - 5,174..... . . .1�0 90 2b2 264 306 115 Z52 126 207 338 1,089 100°� ......................4% �% �% 8% 10% �% 8% '�%a 7% 10% �'�%� FACILITIES - LAND - BASED ACTIVITIES - Haating The 1967 inventory included public and private Iands available to the general public for big game and small game hunting. The inventory excluded lands not within a mile from a road. Although such lands are hunted by a few, it was felt that the bulk of the hunters do not venture more than a mile imm any raad. The supply of lands listed in Tab2e 13 includes public lands and private lands owned by timber companies where the general public is allowed to bun� A large percentage of the grivate lands are vpen for public hunting and are particularly im- portant for hunting pheasants, Hungarian part- ridge and rabbits. However, no da.ta is available on the acreage of such rural farm lands nor on the proportion open for public hunting. Of the 10.8 million acres of recreation lands, 9.6 million are available for big game hunting with 66 per cent accessible�` to hunters; 58 per cent of the 9.4 million acres of small game lands are a� cessible to the smalr game hunter. The s�pply of hunting areas for big game is the largest in the forested regions reflecting public and timber company land ownership in those re- gions. Hunting areas for small game are distrib- uted in a similar pattern since most small game hunting (except for pheasanis) is also snpplied by these farests. •Aecessibility refers to areas �vithin one m�e oi an seceat rosd. Tsble 13 BIG AN� SMALL GAME . ., Habitst Acres-Per Cent Accessible BIG GAME - SMALL GAME Totallicres Per Cent Total Total Acres Per Cent Total AvsuTable Accessible Acres Available Acoes�ble dcree Be�ion % Acres % Acrea 1 6.9 433,399 83 b34,216 b.8 314,214 62 506�796 2 21.3 1,345,012 52 2,586,562 I3.9 ?50,799 30 2,602,664 $ 48.9 3,088,341 66 4,679,304 54.5 2,939,380 63 4,666,000 4 1.8 112,601 64 176,939 1.7 91,751 61 160,412 • 6 16.9 1,067,939 92 1,160,803 19.2 1,036,999 88 1,178,408 6 0.3 17,666 78 22,649 0.4 20,924 80 26,1bb 7 2.6 161,414 b7 283,183 3.0 162,113 68 2?9,606 8 OZ I3,928 90 1b,476 0.3 15,654 8b 18,416 8 0.1 6,130 b8 8,84b - 7,3fi0 b4 13,612 10 0.7 46,866 92 b0,940 0.9 48,004 89 63,937 Il 3.0 14.846 77 19,280 0.3 • l7,682 73 24,222 Total 100% 6,307,141 66 9,537,19? 100% 6.404,870 b8 �9,420,128 � �. _. au '��M \Mfh � ' � � � � :t ;O S �city 1 � ' 11 .��py � /0 � the �� ; of � th �lic � me ied ' �. � ' ' � ' ' ' ' ' ' � ! ' � ' • • � • s =.__� i. _.�w • � . '!__.T. : �� •.� � �.' � L"�e� e. � rotK —� • • 1 � � _'_,r - �.• �- • �Kdd- ! �'— � � •, � � �. � � � • •, i �• • ,..,�. 4 f � � � eu� - � . ---�- • • y • � • � �. � �� • I �� • � 1 • �� _'°°�"_�-� �� """°" _ � � � �� • •�RKIN { "..•. � � 0 �o••...K� i 1_�-�� -=-_ -- ' FIGURE 14 .... ;�"— � ' • --- � � • ; .. I � • , , � �...�__!+�..s � � ,_ �___�.__ : �i �i GOLf COURSES r I � :, w..K� nM� I� ` ; �'.—'�'—' �M!h[ 7 ( u�LLc;[. 1 w�� .� � • • T0N_�"'�� ;! -,. O• 18 h o I e� �!r[vE�s �•ro�[ �s*[aers � ' � . .�� _ � �mwn T___- �. . r� _ __ _` � ,��„`.�,�`� -.--��,u� p• 9 h o I e** ' •�O�- � -- �__ i � � � • z� � ' S * � •�.:,. � _ , .� �. .�.«, ; � U i�2 �k �(c ( 0 R M 0 R E ) • �~� R��d�� _ MCMM(h0 •�.�,` �� ( T H R U 11 ) �Kr�IN/MLC ��__��_�� , �'. �J �� KNI/IL � y,' .-,,-�T/O1 a re�'. �u�va % reaewc � �� (--- -- ,J � j .. _. � �� 'J . � "._ _ � O D�ROT� ' • �� ' IMGOLL[i I . � 1 � ��OM ' � • -' • ^' Ll[ !NlU� I ��• • • I'/�YtM� �� - _. . � }..��1��_ ..f .�M � r��_1 r�� i i � � � � .� ��_�. , i;-� � . � i I r i �[ w�ar:�=, �a»w�w '�ti--�Lfi►---i---��:__- -- _-- -- _ �au[wrM.L••f[e. srt[u oes.[ LoWtT� _y�!w». , , � �---� —�---� �,----i • j • � • I � i � �� • 'wo��n� ��araw�� r��n� ( � nnwwr r.�o�r . ro�e� A � nuro�t � � wwre� 6�61 66 O ' , L� ' � ' ' � � � � LJ ' ' � ' ' , According to surveys by the Mobile Homes Manufacturers Association, 52 per cent of the per- sons owning camping rigs previously used tents, and 93 per cent had previous camping experience. The surveys indicated that of the present tenters surveyed, 54 per cent expressed an interest in the purchase of a camping vehicle. Of the respondants owning camping trailers, 30 per cent expressed an interest in "trading up" to a travel trailer, or a pick-up coach. The major use of the camping vehicles was for camping while on a hunting or fishing trip, (36 per cent of those surveyed). Sightseeing was the major use of the vehicle by 42 per cent of the respondents while 13 per cent indicated that they purchased the equipment to camp only. Camping and travel was the major use of the equipment for another six per cent of the respondents. It also is notable that of those who indicated an interest in camping, 12 per cent wished to camp more often. More comfort in camping was a major desire of 36 per cent of the respondents, while 52 per cent indicated they wished to camp more often in greater comfort. It is estimated that future sales of recreational vehicles can be expected to equal that of pleasure boats. The surveys indicate that the three major factors which determine the trend in recreational vehicle sales are the availability of money� time, and an interest in the out-of-doors. The trend to camping vehicles has created a modification in thinking regarding campground planning. Campgrounds now are planned with full consideration given to the space and facility re- quirements of recreational vehicles. Many of these vehicles are self-contained ; and sewage dumping stations are important in campground design and development. Similarly, since more comforts are available through the new equipment, more utili- ties are in demand. Electricity outlets, water taps, and sewer hookups now are a major part of camp- ing. This affects the economics of campground development and may limit the availability of high quality areas because of the increased costs of development and operation. Such increased costs will be reflected in increased costs to the consumer and may affect the camping demand. There are two types of "wilderness" camping which take place in the state. The first is that type found in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area and entails travel by canoe or boat into the more remote lakes. The traffic on popular routes is heavy and some lakes have comparatively heavy use. Thus, a question may arise as to the degree of "wilderness" encountered. "Wilderness" camping may also be found in varying degrees in the state and federal forests. Again, it is a question of degree in determining the "wildernes�" camping experience. The primary difference between the canoe country "wilderness" 94 � experience and that of the state and federal for- ests is in the mode of travel (whether one can reach a site by car) and availability of sites in relation to the camping equipment demand. The forests have developed roads, parking stalls, etc, with many of the convenience features. Thus "Wilderness" camping may more readily be called "camping in the wild", where such conditiona exiat. Many of the over-use problems and "comfort" requirements found in trailer-oriented camp. grounds exist also in many "wilderness" camping areas. In some of these areas, the demand for toilet facilities, wells, picnic tables, fireplaces, etc. has been great. Group camp activities and facilities were not included in the overall camping demand and idle ca.pacity, or needs, determinations. (A Group Camp may be defined as a specific facility devel- oped for the housing and feeding of groupa for recreational purposes. It contains a dining hall� cabins, dormitories, and other similar facilitiea.) LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES — Golfing Golfing is an activity in which an average of 18 per cent of the state population participates. The Midwest Research Ynstitute data indicates that 16.9 per cent of the adult population golfs and 19.5 per cent of the sub-adults participate in the activity. The per capita activity rates for the state population show an adj usted golfing rate of 3.6 for adults and 2.0 for children. Minnesota golfing activity on an average sum- mer Sunday amounted to 194,835 activity ceca- sions in 1967. A total of 15,550 of the occasione were attributed to the metropolitan exodua group; 19,234 to the state-wide tourist influx ; and 172,044 activity occasions were attributed to regional residents. Projection on the 1967 golfing demand in Min- nesota indicates a demand of 322,325 occasions in 1975 ; 393,782 occasions in 1980 ; and 483,836 a� tivity occasions on an average summer Sunday in 1985. The demand projection from 1967 to 1980 represent a 31.3 per cent increase. National fi8- uresl indicate that by the turn of the century� golfing demand may be 2.5 times greater than in 1964. Golfing activity ranks as the eighth most popa- lar recreation activity on a summer weekend in Minnesota. It also ranks ninth as far as its popu- larity on a summer weekday is concerned. Ho�- ever, when considering all regions and all acti��i- ties for the entire year, golfing ranks in the top ten in only two Regions, in most popular recres- tion activity listings. In Region 5, it ranks tentb and in Region 8, it ranks fifth. The following table indicates the need for more golf facilities for the years 1967, 1975, 1980, and 'Outdoor Recreation Trenda, Dep� oi the Interior; 1967 T � �' � ' . � . � — Table 33 GOLFING DEMAND DEFICIENCY OR SURPLUS HOLES OF GOLF—BY REGIONS 1967 1975 1980 1985 1 ............... — 86 — 102 — 135 — 106 2 ...............�- 22 — 2 — 13 — 26 3 .... . . ..... . ... —128 ' — 276 — 3b6 — 663 4 ............... — 2 — 94 — 143 — 17b 6 ...............�- 64 — 28 — 76 — 96 s••••••......... — 6b — 119 — 155 — 169 ?••.•........... — 178 — 346 — 466 — 660 8 ............ .. — 93 — 181 — 226 — 269 9 ............... — 79 — 188 — 265 — 364 10 ................{- 36 — ?8 — 169 — 294 11 ................�-312 — 279 — 633 — 1,128 Totsl. . .. . . . .. . —166 —1,693 —2,627 —3,839 1985. The size and number of golf courses needed should be a regional determination made as a re- sult of additional study regarding local conditions and interest. Table 34 indicates the greatest golfing needs in 1980 to be in Regions 3, 7, and 11. The needs of these Regions reflect a substantial tourist influx demand. Some of this demand may be dispersed to other Regions as more and better golfing facilities are made available to the general public. sble to the public hunting white-tailed deer. Applying the s ards of carrying capacity difference i 67 between the supply and and was ap imately 676,000 trips 9 total trips) is reflects the hunting o ivate lands th re available to this porti of the hunters. I/ During the period 1957- 6, licensed big gam hunters increased fro bout 194,000 to mor than 285,000, an ave e of 4.7 per cent per year Nationally, this i ease has been approximatel 4.9 per cent per ar. Similar he nation-wide trend, this inc se was lar in the first 5 years (5.8 per dur ing 1 -1961), and dropped durin e last years (2.85 per cent 1961-1966). Slightly more than 8 per ce of the population hunted big game in Minne in 1967, whereas, in 1960, slightly under 7 cent took part in this sport. It is predicted at the popularity of ' game hunting will c inue to increase at le to 1980 and that a oximately 8 per ce of the population wi eek to hunt big ga by that year. Thus, by 1980, we might exp nearly 340,000 big game hunters, an incre of about 22.6 per �cent over the 14-year pe ' (1966-1980). It also Table 34 1980 DEMAND DEFICIE AOLES OF GOLF AND NUMBER OF EIGHTEEN HOLE GOLF COURSES—BY Region 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 � 11 Holes ....... ... . . . . . —135 —13 —3b6 —143 —?6 —16b —466 —226 —266 —169'-633 Courses ............. 8 1 20 8 4 9 26• 13 16 9 3b LAlVL-liA��;ll A(,'TIV ES — Hunting The 1967 recreatio survey included par tion in the three jor forms of huntin� game, small game nd waterfowl. The par tion rates, partic arly those pertaining to game and wate owl, appeared excessive ' of the known mber of licensed hunters i lieu - Big Game The M. . survey indicated that 9 per cent of the nesota population hunte big game (chiefly hite-tailed deer) . This ounted to about 3 3,000 hunters in the fall of 66 (previous to th survey). However, licens sales in 1966 actu y totaled 285,482. The fference, about 17,5 0, may be attributed to res' ents who hunted ou ide of Minnesota. the participation rate1 as adjusted to only g game hunters) is appl' d to the 285,482 li- ensed hunters, the result s a total of 1,740,000 unting trips for the 19 season in Minnesota. The 196? survey indi ted a total of 6,494,03� acres of public or priva e corporation lands acce� 11966 National Survey of iahing and iiunting 96 is assumed that du ing this period, big hunters will spend�n average of 6.7 days year hunting. The �umber o deer hunters can be acco dated wiih sound ma gement of the deer herd, articu- larly its winte habitat, so that the exist' g public or corporate ands in the deer range w' continue to serve t same proportion of hu rs (61 per cent) as t ey are now. Small ame A ording to the 1965 natio -wide survey, s 1 ga e hunters take about .2 hunting trips er y r. However, Moyle= (1 7) used S trips hen termining recreation t s for all types hunt- g. Since the latter in udes big game ational average of 6.7 trips p year) and wat o�vl (na- tional ave,rage 8.2 tr' s per year) as 11 as small game, a figure of 1 ould seem mor realistic for Minnesota when nsidering small ame hunting. zbfoyle, John B.; " ome Statistics Ke ted to Fishing and Hunting in blinn ota for the Ten-y r Period 1950-196�." Minnesota Cons vation Dept., Div Game and Fish, Spec. Pub. 43; 1967. e e Y 5 1� � � _ � . Table 33 GOLFING DEMAND DEFICIENCY OR SURPLUS HOLES OF GOLF—BY REGIONS 1967 1975 1980 1985 1••••••••••--... — 86 — 102 — 135 — 106 2 ...............f 22 — 2 — 13 — 26 3 .... .. ... . ..... —128 ' — 276 — 3b6 — 663 4 ............... — 2 — 94 — 143 — 175 6 ................}- 64 — 28 — 76 — 96 s-..•........... — 66 — 119 — 15b — 169 7 ... . .. ... . .. . . . —178 — 946 — 466 — b60 8 ............ .. — 93 — 181 — 226 — 269 9 ............... — 79 — 188 — 265 — 364 10 ...............-}- 86 — 78 — 159 — 294 11 ............... +312 — 279 — 633 — 1,128 Total. . . .. . . .. . —lb6 —1,693 —2,62? —3,839 1985. The size and number of golf courses needed should be a regional determination made as a re- sult of additional study regaxding local conditions and interest. Table 34 indicates the greatest golfing needs in 1980 to be in Regions 3, 7, and 11. The needs of these Regions reflect a substantial tourist influx demand. Some of this demand may be dispersed to other Regions as more and better golfing facilities are made available to the general public. sbte to the public hunting white-tailed deer. Applying the s ards of carrying capacity difference i 67 between the supply and and was ap imately 676,000 trips 9 total trips) is reflects the hunting o ivate lands th re available to this porti of the hunters. / During the period 1957- 6, licensed big game hunters increased fro bout 194,000 to more than 285,000, an ave e of 4.7 per cent per year. Nationally, this i ease has been approximately 4.9 per cent per ar. Similar he nation-wide trend, this inc se was lar in the first 5 years (5.8 per dur- ing 1 -1961), and dropped durin e last 5 peaxs (2.85 per cent 1961-1966). Slightly more than 8 per ce of the population hunted big game in Minne in 1967, whereas, in 1960, slightly under 7 cent took part in this aport. It is predicted at the popularity of ' 8�e hunting will c inue to increase at le to 1980 and that a oximately 8 per ce of the population wi eek to hunt big ga by that year. Thus, by 1980, we might exp nearly 340,000 big game hunters, an incre of about 22.6 per � cent over the 14-year pe ' (1966-1980). It also � 34 1980 DEMAND DEFICIE HOLES OF GOLF AND NUMBER OF EIGHTEEN HOLE GOLF COURSES—BY Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Holes .......... .. .. . —135 —13 —366 -143 —76 —Ib5 —466 —226 —265 —lb9 —633 —2,627 Courses ............. 8 1 20 8 4. 9 26 13 16 9 36 146 The 1967 recrea tion in the three game, small game tion rates, partic game and wate c of the known mt Big Game CIV ES — Hunting o survey included par jor forms of huntin� nd waterfowl. The par rly those pertaining to 1, appeared excessive} r of licensed hunters ir� lieu - The M. . survey indicated that 9 per cent of the nesota population hunte big game (chiefly hite-tailed deer). This ounted to about 3 3,000 hunters in the fall of 66 (previous to th survey). However, licens sales in 1966 actu y totaled 285,482. The fierence, about 17,5 0, may be attributed to res' ents who hunted ou ide of Minnesota. the participation ratel as adjusted to only g game hunters) is appl' d to the 285,482 li- ensed hunters, the result s a total of 1,'740,000 hunting `trips for the 19 season in Nlinnesota. The 1967 survey indi ted a total of 6,494,03� acres of public or priva e corporation lands acce� '196b National Survey of ishing and Iiunting 96 is assumed that du ing this period, big hunters will spend�n average of 6.7 days year hunting. The �umber o deer hunters can be accom dated with sound ma gement of the deer herd, articu- larly its winte habitat, so that the exist' g public or carporate ands in the deer range w' continue to serve t same proportion of hu rs (61 per cent) as t ey are now. Small ame A ording to the 1965 natio -wide survey, s 1 ga e hunters take about .2 hunting trips er y r. However, l�Ioyle= (1 7) used 8 trips hen termining recreation t s for all types hunt- g. Since the latter in udes big game ational average of 6.? trips p year) and wat o�vl (na- tional ave,rage 8.2 tr' s per year) as 11 as small game, a figure of 1 ould seem mor realistic for Minnesota when nsidering small ame hunting. zMoyle, John B.; " ome Statistics Re ted to Fishing and Hunting in Minn ota for the Ten-y r Period 195�-196�." Minnesota Cons ation Dept., Div Game and Fish, Spec. Pub. 43. 1967. � Agenc� Per ceat 'Federal.::::::::: 40 State . 10 County .... ... 10 Municipal and � C 3paces Acree 5. Picnicking — Determined Deficiency to be 2,400 240 met by 1980: 27,825 tables or 1,390 acres of land. 600 60 It is suggested that the deficiency be met in the 600 60 following manner: 'Quasi-public ... 25 1,500 150. Private (Marinas) 15 900 90 Total....... 100 6,000 600 n arver, a o a, ennepin, Ramsey, Scott, and Washington Counties.) 1. Swimming — Determined Deficiency to be ' met by 1980: 150 acres. It is suggested that the deficiency be met in the following manner: , � �I rJ � �J ' ' II � Agency Per eent Tables Acres State ... .. ........... 5 2,650' 130 County or Metropolitan .. 25 6,625* 330• City . ................. 50 13,250* 660' Private .......... ..... 20 5,300* 270' Total ............ 100 27,825* 1,390• 6. Horseback Riding — Determined Deficiency to be met by 1980: 500 miles or 2,000 acres. It is assumed that the deficiencies will be met in the following manner: Agency Per cent Acres Agency Per cent Miles Acres State ... .. ... ....... 20 30 State ... .. ... 5 25* 100 County or�Metropolitan ..... 20 30* County or Metropolitan. . 15 7b* 300' Municipalities ............. 60 75* Municipalities ......... 10 50* 200• Private ..........'......... 10 15s Private ... .......... ?0 3b0' 1,400' Total ................. 100 150* Total ............. 100 500* 2,000' 2. Camping — Determined Deficiency to be met 7. Snowmobiling—Determined Deficiency to be by 1980: 3,180 camp sites or 530 acres of land. met by 1980: 500 miles or 2,000 acres of land. It is suggested that the deficiency will be met It is assumed that the deficiency will be met in in the following manner: the following manner.: Agency Per cent Sites Acres State ................. 10 318 53 County or Metropolitan 15 480* 80* Private ............... 75 2,382* 397* Total ............. 100 3,180* 530* 3. Golf — Determined Deficiency to be met by 80: 35 courses or 6,300 acres. It is suggested that the deficiericies be met in the following manner: Agency Per cent Courses Acres County or Metropolitan .. 45 16* 2,880* Municipalities .......... 25 9* 1,620* Private ................ 30 10* 1,800* Total 100 _ 35* 6,300* 4. Hunting — Determined Deficiency to be me � by 1980: 20,146 acres of la.nd. It is assumed the deficiency will be met by the State of Minnesota. �'Subject to revision upon completion of Metrnpolitan Open Space Plan ' � .' ' Agency Per cent Milea Aues State ................. 5 25* 100' County or Metropolitan. . 15 75• 300' Municipalities ......... 10 50* 200• Private ............... 70 350* 1,400' Total ............. 100 500* 2,000' 8. Playing Outdoor Games — Determined De8- ciency to be met by 1980: 2,500 acres. It is suggested that this deficiency be met by municipalities in cooperation with schools. 9. Boat Launching (Parking Spaces and Moor- ing Slips) — Determined Deficiency to be met bq 1980: 6,000 parking spaces, or 600 acres of land. It is assumed that the deficiency will be met in the following manner: Agency Per cent Spacea Acres State ................... 50 1,500* 150` County or Metropolitan. .. 30 3,300* 330' Municipalities ........... 10 604* 60' Private . ............... 10 600* 60' Total ............... 100� 6,000* 600• VI. SPECIAL PR,OBLEMS AND FUTUR.E OPPORTUNITIES Pari I, Special Problems One of the major problems in meeting outdoor recreation demand is the fact that there are in- equities in the distribution of our population in relation to our recreation resources. In comparing the resources available to urban centers it becomes evident that resources are lacking in areas where 130 the need is the greatest. This fact is brought out in the recreation studies conducted in the Upper Mississippi River Comprehensive Basin Study 1 where 60 per cent of 1Appendix K— Recreation — Prepared under the supervi- sion of the Upper Mississippi River Basin CoordinatinB Committee� 1961. � ' ' f _� ��,:a.�SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF TH :, -- - --_—.- _ �...,,..�...,.,,.��,.:��.��... . �:�.._.�__. y..,__�_.._.�:� A. Scope of the Plan -' means for such review and updating are included The 1968 Outdoor �ecreation Plan incIudes a new Minnesota Deman�i Survey with information on the social and economic attributes of our state, and the attitudes of orar.- residents toward outdoor recreation activities. Information is also included which defines the participation of Minnesotans in outdoor recreation aciivities. An attempt was made to re-evaluate �he existing and patential recreation areas which now provide for outdoor activities. This plan deIineates the responsibilities of the various levels of gove�sment and the private sec- tor in the field of outdc�nr recreation. The network of state canoe routes and other trails are included as a new and significant aspect in providing for outdoor recreation in .Minnesota. Moreover, the aesthetic and cultura�. importance of our parks, forests, wildlife mar�agement areas, historical areas and other key are�,s of the state, along with aspects of environmen�al quality, are brought forth. A five-year action program for scheduIing the acquisition of lands nceded for recreational pur- poses has been made. I� is hoped that through this action plan, administra�ion and implementation of outdoor recreation pla.�s will be facilitated at all levels. All plans, particulari� early plans such as this, are subject to change a.s new conditions arise and as the needs of our citizens and resources become apparent. No plan is static. It must be flexibie and subject to periodic review and updating; the in this plan. B. Objectives of� the Plan The primary objective of this 1968 Outdoor Rec- reation Plan is to indicate ways and means to pra vide for a quality environment including outdoor recreation opportunities, particularly those needed by Minnesota residents and their visitors. As we look at the future needs, all indications are that the demands for. lands will be greatly accelerated. It is our immediate responsibility to set aside needed areas for the future use of our citizens. The Plan will establish priorities for setting aside these areas and for developing facilities as needed. Without a plan, the task and the risk of missing � our objectives in the limited time available would be too great. The secondary objectives of this plan are as follows: a. To provide the decision-makers with alterna- tive solutions in land acquisition and ca.pital im- provement programs for the comprehensive man- agement of our environmental resources. b. To provide a'source of information for de- tailed planning of outdoor recreation. c. To provide a means of coordinating the ener- gies of those involved in outdoor recreation plan- ning. d. To provide the base plan by which the State of Minnesota will proceed in the administration of Federal Land and Water Conservation Funds de- signed for outdoor recreation purposes. � II. LEGAL AUTHORITY A. CertiBcation See pages 2-7, 1965 Pian (Office of the Atfiorney General, June 25, 1965, to Commissioner of Con- servation and certificataon from former Governor Karl F. Rolvaag) . The ditorney General's Opinion affirms the fact that the Department of Conserva- tion has the necessary legal authority to meet the requirements of Public Law 88-578. This affirma- tion is summarized as fallows : "We conclude, and i� is our opinion, that the State of Minnesota has full power and authority to participate in the Land and Water Conserva- tion Act of 1965, and that it was the clear inten- tion and purpose of the Legislature in the enact- ment of Chapter 810, and other laws to which ref- erence has been made, ihat the state shall fully participate in such Ac� It has clearly designated the Governor as the srate agency to apply for, accept, receive and disb�rse all federal and private funds which are granted to the State from the Act. It further authorizes the Governor to desig- nate a state agency, or agencies, to act for him applying for, receiviag and accepting federal 8 funds under the provisians of subdivision 1 of Chapter 810. All requirements of federal law and any rules and regulations thereunder, shall be _ complied with to enable the application for and the receipt of an acceptance of such federal funds." B. Designation The Governor's authority and responsibility for participation in the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act Program are defined by Minnesota Laws, 1965, Chapter 810 as amended in 1967, Chapter 867. Excerpts of the laws are cited as follows: "Sec. 21 (86.71) Federal Land and Water Fund; acceptance of funds; distribution. Subdivision 1. The Governor is designated as the state agency that applies for, accepts, receives, and disburses federal funds and private funds which are granted to the State of Minnesota from the Federal Land and Water Fund Act. "Subdivision 2. The Governor may designate a state agency or agencies to act for him in applying for, receiving and accepting federal funds under � ' y ' ' ' ' ' ' � ' ' , , I I. MAJOIt POLICIES AND STANDARDS A. Roles and Responsibilities of Government and the Private Sector. The state will assume more responsibility in leadership and guidance in the provision of out- door recreation facilities both for the welfare of its residents and the tourist impact on the state economy. The state' �vill establish high quality standards in design of facilities and in the protec- tion of its more fragile resources. Financing of state grants-in-aid and coordination of federal grants-in-aid will be important to implement this plan. Areas of state-wide significance should be protected from uses not compatible with preserv- ing their value and acquired as necessary for their protection and development to meet recreation needs. 1'he federal government can be the implementor through financial assistance in grants to the state. It can manage large holdings of national signifi- cance where the state is not capable of ineeting the financial management obligations. The county should serve to provide medium sized recreation areas outside of communities for daq use and group activities. Through zoning and taxation incentives counties should seek to pro- tect lands with vital recreational, scenic, historical and cultural potential. The metropolitan government can benefit the Twin Cities metropolitan area through coordina- tion in planning of physical development and through equitable tax distribution. Their function in preserving open space will be vital to retaining alternative sites for recreation by 1980. Controls of federal assistance affecting such protection should be continued and moxe thorougiily inter- related. Municipalities should concentrate on providing for local daily leisure needs for all age groups. Environmental quality of the town and the serv- ices it provides to visitors will be most important insofar as local economy and welfare of its resi- dents are con�cerned. Quasi-public groups should concentrate on char- acter building and outdoor education of our people to provide more profitable channels for their leisure time. Private enterprise has a major role in providing services and facilities to the tourist. It should be encouraged to assist the government in meeting the overall recreational needs in luxury camping or resort facilities, transient facilities and serv- ices as required by a recreating and vacationing public. To facilitate this, more technical assistance and financial incentives in the form of low interest loans should be made available. B. State Policies and Standards The primary goal of this outdoor recreation plan is to maintain and improve the welfare of Minnesota's residents through protection of na- tural resources, preservation of scenic, historical and other aesthetic values within proper open space setting and development of compatible reF reational facilities for the public. Responsibility for providing the lands, waters ` and facilities should be assigned to the lowest unit of government (or private sector) capable of meeting the need. The state and federal government will generally provide larger areas for low to medium intensive forms of outdoor recreation activity while the county, municipal, schools and private sector pro- vide for highly developed facilities. II. FINDINGS OF SUPP ]or ee s in �The Region �in which the greatest need will oc- cur is ftegion 11 (Metropolitan Area). Nlost of this R,egion lies within one hour driving time and will be used mostly for daily recreation by this Iarge population center. The east central and southeastern portions of the state (Regions 7 and 10) will also experience the greatest demand for outdoor recreation lands because of less public land ownership, and the population rate of in- crease predicted for the southeast portion of blinnesota. In this plan, the 1980 forecast indicates a need for approximately 228,000 acres of developed (state-wide) recreation lands. Of this total, some 22,000 acres should be provided by the state in parks, forests, public boat launch sites and high- waq waysides. This does not include the 198U LY AND DEMAND SURVEYS .- needs of 446,000 additional acres �f wildlife man- agement lands required to maintain resources for hunting. For lands to be developed in existing state parks, additional buffer lands at a ratio of about 75:1 (undeveloped : developed lands) �vill be nec- essary to maintain the quality of parks as devel- oped in the past. In most state forests, bufier lands likely will be provided and planned devel- opment can be accommodated without further land acquisition. This �vill not be true, however, in those Regions in southeastern and east central Minnesota �vhere existing state forest land �vill not be entirely sufficient for adequate buffering. �ail development, a responsibility for �vhich the state will assume a large part, constitutes the major land resource need on which state park an. forest land requirements are based On the oth � ? . � '' � , , . . . . , ... .., . i�r r►. ?.,n,�� needs for� fiolf courses, playgrounds an � ' Ai^�;i:,r !!:t�•-�2�c f�cilities constitute the major ��:n<icr.�:^::� recreation need for co :,uui.�re,•�t��cls forrecreation:°°�°�v� ' 'I'h� �rerall needs for lands have been distrib- ut��ri 1.T.0!li.• the levels of government and the prit�n!E� =c�ctor based largely on past history which rE•!!c-r:� the ability of each to provide such facil- ' iti�•=. The pricate sector will be encouraged to pro: icle more in services and occupancy types of de�•elopment. ' �tate-«-ide, the percentages of land require- m�•rit� «�ere assigned as follows: state 8.3%, fed- er:�! 3.�;�, county 20.4%, municipal 35.3%, pri- �ate 32.8%. ' LJ � !J u ' ' ' ' ' Il u , ' B. �Ia jor Needs in Waters The 1967 demand study indicated a demand far in e�cess of the supply of cold-water (trout, �:►lmon) fishing waters. It also predicted that by lf►rs0 the carrying capacity of some waters in he��•ily populated southern and Twin Cities Re- �.►ions will not be sufficient to meet the warm- w•ater fishing demand being placed upon it. It is recommended that restoration and main- tenance of trout or salmon habitat and fishing access be given priority in streams and lakes so classified for cold-water management. It is further recommended that promotion of fishing in the state be concentrated on highly productive acres and on the more abundant species. In this manner, the more fragile wilderness quality of the north- eastern lakes can be preserved and the fishing demand will more likely be met in other areas a ith greater resource capabilities. Spatial deficiencies of surface water for boating in 1980 are indicated for Regions 11 (�vin Cities metropolitan area) and Regions 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 (southern half of state). Although lakes and riv- ers in other Regions can accommodate this defi- ciency, conflicts in surface use of these waters can be anticipated. To meet the accelerated demand for canoeing, de�•elopment must continue on the 4,074 miles of e�isting streams considered as good canoe routes. In t}�e southeast, use of the myriad system of side channels on the Lower Mississippi bottomlands a•ill provide additional canoeing opportunities. Studies of the recreational potential of future reser�•oirs should �ontinue in the water deficient re�ions of the state. Additional use can be made of mar�inal lakes (lakes which are too shallow for fish and too deep for waterfowl management) for boating and water skiing in many regions to alle�•iate heavy boating demand. Because water is probably Minnesota's greatest asset for outdoor recreation, protection of water quality and the aesthetic values of shorelines are vital. Quality of life for Minnesota residents and 8 the attraction of tourists who bolster the �etter means for F economy, depend heavily on the preservaii� recreational exp this key resource. elating to confiicts C. Future Needs ►dditional study s ar alle�•iating curi To meet the deficiencies in lands for outdoc�use of pressures c reation, certain legislative, planning, financk other actions must be taken. All levels of gc. Financing ment and the private sector have a role to p�ll a�•ailable sourc meeting these needs. �n�4 shouid be ; 1. Legislative ts►te le�•el from tt Appropriations should continue at the mund3 p that can co tude instituted by the Natural Resources Pro. and acquisitions of lands in the Metropo'Ontinuation of t' Southeast and East Central Regions shoul ceive priority, as increasing demand and escalation present a two-fold problem. Son � the major legislative needs are as follows: cp��al Probtems • Shoreland and flood plain zoning and use o)ne of the major � latter for recreation purposes. reation demand a • Establishment of conservation currieul'rce is lacking in a schools and outdoor nature centers. • This problem is i public support in • Development of a system of state wild and;h priced land ner ic rivers. Che southern and • State acquisition of accesses on certain s�cota «•ill experienc lakes now excluded by law, ure. Tourists fro� • Establishment of new state park and exte gt «•ill find easy n of existing state forest to implement St. (� ��1 compete wit National Scenic Waterway in Minnesota. �d5• limited resoure 2. Plannin Land use controls t g �nts are necessary • Increase state leadership in resource plam� erodable topo�ra and development. .toric and scientif: �ls are needed to • Use of the State Planning Agency as "clea acquire, by fee s house" for scheduling new federal project �ler to control devc ning involving state in recreation and otheaource areas. source ,matters. � The President's C< � Establishment of a state land use plan inclucal Beauty recomr. _identification of key recreational and aestkter desi�,*n of ne�s sites. a importance of cor � Provisions for additional technical assistan d open space� as � local government and private individuals �4sting pArks. ordinate state and local plans. H�storic site prese e lack of financir' Implementation of a state-wide, cross-cotunnesota there ar� trail system. ;es but less than . 3. ftesearch vated. Pollution of sir. � Better user-preference, attendance, acti�easin� concern. �t participation and travel pattern statistics z11 require mor� � to be collecte�i prior to revision of this Plan. rly in agriculturr � Additional methods are needed for preser�°duce Knste a�� ' high-intensity use areas, fragile wilder��iining opr��Y'°'" areas and virgin forests or other natural at►�•e chans� '�� New state and local policies are needed relairo� s�. ie F�*'"',,r to future development of lakeshore land$. �c;on a�a `•'"'" ' ' � _ , SIERRA CLUB STATEMENT North Park Public Hearing June 25, 1973 ' , The Sierra Club was asked to support the North Park ' Nature Center concept by a group of concerned Fridley � citizens. After walking through North Park� consulting ' professional naturalists about the potential of North Park as a nature center� and questioning various citizens and ' officials� on May 2� the Execative Committee of the North Star Chapter of the Sierra Club ga.ve its unanimous support ' . to the concept of a North Park Nature Center. � -___. .__ _ __ __.,._._�_ - _ __ _ . _ _-_ __ ' ____ ....-- _ _ __ __ ' � ' ' i I 1. � . � � �. ��.f-:...,� '`�� i� j� UNIVFRSITY OF MINNESOTA ; Departmer�t of eotany '',;��F.,� �: ._,; .� TWIN CITIES � 220 Biofogical Sciences Center j � St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 � (612) 373•2211 � . z3 r�ay z�73 ' �^� . 2-:ark I�oble �7j?C �yric L�ne �*��.� 1ey, �� 55432 ,� �2ar� i�iark, . � � � ' � ' '� � � This is.written as a brief.re�ort o� my 3-hour examination with �ou on �l�iaf 9, 1973 of Fri3ley� s 124_acre North Park tract. ��r3n� �,� 3�_ye�r carser in teachin� and research in bots.ny� and ecolo�y her� a L tne Univ?rsity o�' 1�Iinnes�ta, and 13 years of association witn the liir.nesota Char�ter of Tne P�att�re Conservancy, several ter:ns� as member of its Boaru of TrixsteQs, and a member sir.ce its incevtion of the Nlinnesota S�ate C�mmissioner of Natizral, Resources' Advisory �ommittee on S�ientific and Natural Areas, I have d�velop�d a cert�in ca�acity for critical jud�ement in evalixating nattxra.l I�ndscane. I belisve this experience aualifies me to tznderstand and an�reciate the natural values that are in'risrent in Fridley's r�qrth Pa„k tr&ct. Althoii�h sor�� .smalZ �o�tians of ihe tract consist of former a,ricuitt�ral lands tnese seem to rave been abandoned for si�ch �zse szveral deca�es a�o, �o tnat ve�etation develo��aen� ha.s nrogr�ssed to such an extent tha� lar�e bixnches of na�ive grasses are now �c�ttPr�d anon�st the sod oF introdi�ced �rasses ir. these old fi�lds. Ot:�sr ss�-ns of disturb�nce k�hich are very local ir�clude soms pilas of rubbish, h+.�t constrixction, scattersd small �ree clzttin�, and ruttin� of trails t%L»ou�n o�eration of tT�ro-�rreeled vehicles. However, these disturbances a„e so localized t'_�at they 3o not detract from i.'r�e irherent broa�3 n2tural valuss tnat' are essential for a h3gh-qszalit�r �Tat2�re Cer,ter. Tn� a� jor �ortion of tne trac� consists of *zpland oa� ;•:oo�land �.n a v4ry fin� state of nres�rv�.tio?� ��ritn no sion of 1lvestock �razin� kY�{ch ras so severely dama�� ruch of t:rle other oak ::�oo�l�n� tracts on •� t�A Ano�� Sand P? ai n. Por �ions �f the tract that are soTM��r'^�t Io?�:er an� closer io the T��ater ta.bls stzp�ort groves of �ua'_sing ar.,�i Bi�toot'� r'�.S'J°2�1• '�'t1e9° 81"8 inZerspersed witn V8T'j� intere�tin� c�i1d a��2'BCt�zI° n: ^s_��s ann shru� sT�,�amn�, and traversA�' 'oy a. cl�ar stream. On tns t�es`, si�e, ad jacent to tne raliroad, is an exi,ensive Tn*ater area, �onded b�r re^.°ni, beaver �ctiTrities. i��zs�rats an3 wa�er°oh=y are ma?�cir.o ,;se of t�:es� wetl.ands, and an �bczn�ance oI' dee?� trac'�s on the ix�lar�� tr�ils W�3e it obvious th�t tn° area is also well no�u�ate3 �r►ith thoss animals. "_'he fea;,i�re of this tract �hich makes it of such �re2t biolo.?-ic�1 ' i..�erea� is t�;e diver,it� of h�'oii,ai,s, all t�e rore remar�cable beca�xse t�e? �r° cor.�entrat°d in such a small area. It is � strona cor.viction t!�� ths highest izse of �nis 'tra�t v�otxld � b° i Ls �r°s�»vation foM use as a P�atur� Cen�er. As a mat�er of f�!ct I r�o�.�I� consi�er it a crlme a�ainst Natt1?�P. to convert it into a�p? �' linlc;;. � , ► '- , �. : '. � ' ' , �. � � , . , � � 1 1. 1 � 1?. B: I.,ac�renCe to :4ark h'oble, 23 %.ay, I9?3, con �ir.. _ �: � . A-�•��P� ZinKS can be cons �rt�c �e� on �ny vacant� Iand suc.� as old a�:^f el�]. �lzr&1 land on �rhich �th? nat� ve nat��ral T�lar.t and aniral comrn��n- . ities h�ve lon� since been d�stroyen. I beliP�re t�� toti:tn oi Frid?ey, if it is determine� 4o constrizct a golP lin'_�s, �*oixlc� be �,*ell advised to search elsekhere in tne vicinity for an u�lpnd�t.ract that has al�eady bQen cleared and k�hich w�oizZd not nresent stich draina�e �roblems as k�:�ld the ivorth Park trpct. T��us constr�zction costs T�o��Id be �^eatly reaaced. � . It .seems to me that two im�ortant consider2tions sho�zld bp :•rei�-?1ed b;r the citizens of Fridley in comin� to a decision as to �n•hether to c�nserve thi� in �eresting tract for a Natixre Center or allok* it to be �e�r�ded in�o a golf lir�ks. � Z} Aesi,�eii c ard edixcationai valixes anr iises. � A com�arison of anticipateci use (nersons ner acrQ x�er year) should be made e�sin� any of the existin� �2tizre Centers of thp Tu�in Cities� area as a ser�nle in, contrast with any. of tne local �olf lir�ks. Z) CostS of construction an3 o�eration. � These costs includin� iaterest on bonds, etc., should be com�uted on an anntxal basis for � 20-ye�r peri�d, for exa�vle. The fact that the anmzal cost oF interest on s�zch bords, and perhaps a la.rge pa.rt of the inherent value of the bon�3s c��ill autor�a�ically a�pear on eacr pronerty owr.er's tax bill should not be OV@2^ZOOi{P�. The constrt�ction oi" N�ture Center buildin�s in many lacal com�unities has been greatly reduced by contributions of materials and l�bor by local �erchants. �?atu�^e Centers are in a favorable nosi ti on to a.��ly t;o :�h11ari�1_�x�Ob1.0 agencies stzc� as tr.e B�zsh Foizndation oi St P�t.�l a.nd ta local citf zens for fiznds to establish �.nd oper�t� t'rzeM. % It shot�Id be rel�tiv�ly easy to obtain the necessary ir.formation on initial and can�inizin� costs frora the administrative staffs of Ioc�l tilati.�.re Cer.t°rs already operat- ir.� in the Triir� Cit�.es areG. . � Sincerel;� yoi.r , /�, �� ✓`��a�G'��i� ; � -'� ��Y`��-� D�nal� B. La.�-renc� Professor � f � ' � �T . 1 d* d. �# : ..�� NORTfi PAI,K PLANT SUItVEY May 9, 19'13 Corci Gra.ss ' Kentucky Bluegrass .. Panic Grass Porcupine Gr.a.ss Reed Canary Grass ' Little Elue ; tem Big Blue StEm Indian Grass � Witch Grass Yellotiv 5weet Clover ' Bush Clover Red Clover Pearly Everlasting ' Vervain Sr�ooth Pra.irie Fiose Ya.rrow ' Dandelion� 2 spE:cies Common MilkvreEd Mulle:in , Northern Goldenrod Stiff Goldenrod Goldenrod, 3 other speciFs Comrnon Nctt1E , Cinquefoil Turtlehead Purple Avens ' �,rostweed Tickseed Prairie F'ive-finger � Puccoon Ra gwt E•d Steeplebush , Cut Leaf Sage Pasque F'lotiver Large-flo�vErFd Beard-tongue � Swamp_ Dock Rush B uttercup ' Broad-leavfd Catta.il Marsh Marigold � � ' . ` '� � � 0 ,_.__._�,.�_�___. , . _ �.-� , Tussoc Sedge PFnns;�lva.nia SedgF Sedge, 3 •o�;nFr J�iE�C1,EJ �wamp Ni1kv�F�Eu �-:unchberry DuckweE:d . Alga.e� a.n inuetcrrninate number oi' �pe: iEs rlethane-producin�; Eacteria. . Northern Rea Oak Northern Pin Oak Bur Uak Silver Ma.p1E � ' Box �lder Pussy Willow � Sandba.r Willow Black k�illow 'Prairie Wi11ow Peach-leave� willow �uaking Aspen Big-tootY:E=d Aspen Eastern Cotton�arood SpecklFd A1dEr GrFen Ash Chokecherry Black Che�rry Red Dogwood Gray-barked Dogv�ood Wild Plucn Smooth Sumac Wild Pear pmErican HazElnut Tartasian tioneysuckle Reu-berriFd Elder . Juneberry Blueberry, 2 species Smooth Bl�ckbF�rry NannybFrry � �iaspbErry StrawbFrry �lild Cucumber MustarC Wild Gerani um Evening Frimrose �iorse Mint � Pale Touch-Me-Not Spotted Z��uch-Me-Not ♦ �r�� G ■ n 'i: / ' � ' . ' America.n C.�rr�a.nt Aspa ra g;:ts 1 �Virginia Creeper Bedstraw, 2 species Yellow Pea � � Purp1E Pea Large-f1ovJFred Trillium Nodding Trillium ' Grape Vine' Thistle� 2 species Wood Anemone Bird-foot Violet ' Common Yellow Violet Purple Violet Johnny-� ump-Up ' Jack-in-tY�e-pulpit La.dies'-Tobacco 'Columbine ' Wood Betony Alum Ftoot Ara.ka nudicolus Meadow fiue, 2 species ' Solomon's Sea1 False Solomon's Seal Wild Sa.rsapa.rilla. ' Sweet Cicely, 2 species Golden Glove Dogba.ne ' . �lild Lily of the Valley Pipsissewa Bluebell Jewelweed, 2 species ' Day Lily � Hair Cap Moss � Physcia sp. Xanthoria fallax ' Britisri Soldiers CandF-laria. corcolor Cladonia sp. ' Earthstar Shelf Fungus 3 species Cup F'ungus� � species ' Puffball Morel Tooth i�`ungus � Water Fungus . -3- � Horsetail, 2 species Grape Fern Bracken I`ern Sensitive F'ern Lady Fern Cinnamon Fern 0 0 Donald B. Lawrence� Professor of Botany, University of Minnesota Ma.rk G. Noble� Botany Student� University of Minnesota f ' � -4- ' _,, � � t : ' ! � � � �� ' � L� r , ' � �. Mrs. Lee Ann Sporre 301 Ironton Street N.E. Fridley, Minn. 55432 Dear Mrs..Sporre: Route 1, Box 240 Nugo, Minn. 55038 June 22, 1973 . � � On June 10, 1973, my son who is a park naturalist with the Department of Natural Resources and I visited Fridley's North Park and were greatly impressed with its potential for a nature center. Its outstanding features for such a center, as we saw it, are (1) its diversity of habitat types with associated plants and animals, (2) its proximity to Fridley and the school system servicing that general area, and (3) its existing system of trails. In this relaiive7y small acreage, we saw excellent examples of forest, � oak openings, prairie, bottomland, meadow, beaver flov�rage, and marsh. This combina�ion of habitats provides an ideal setting for highly valuable educational, as well as recreational, experiences for both youngsters and older citizens. How many metropolitan areas have a live • beaver colony, deer,and other wild creatures, living in natural surround- ings, at their dt�orstep? I wonder if Frid7ey residents are aware of the high value placed on natural settings, far more limited and artificial than yours, in p7aces like Detroit, Chicago, and other major cities. What would they g�ve if only places like this still existed near ther�? � � 1� 1 _ ' I understand that a golf course has been propbsed for North Park instead of a nature center. Golf if a fine recreation, and I have nothing against it or against ga7f courses as one type of open space needed near cities. What I do object sirongly to is the argument that, since golf courses are income-producing, parks and nature centers must be sacrificed or moved to second rate places. People supporting this argument are totally unaware of the uses being made of nature centers. The center which I kno:�� best, the Lee and Rose Glarner Nature Center in 4�ashi n Gounty, is heavily used by the schools of the pc� �GV'-.� area. At least 24,00 `Visit this center annually to receive�t', as part of their education, the valuable outdoor learning experience available there. Schools as far away as Fridley and Hudson, Wisconsin, have visited this cent�er. Director Fashingbauer told me that the demand is so great that at least twice as many would use the Center if thP facilities could handle them. Adult groups are allowed to use the Center on vreekends but must apply for a reservation months in advance. To aid the small staff, about _ . , . - _ ,� _ ' � � . . • fi � . � , � . . � • .., , . a� � xr• T -r _ . , ._ .,�.� ' � � � ' � , � ' � � i 1� i i ' ' � � � � � i �; �I; , ; , : � ' � < � ' ' . ' �..'�-. 75 adult trail guides from surrounding communities donate a day a week to help out'at the Center. Thus, adults become involvtd in the program and a worthy community project in a very pleasant way. How do you compare these kinds of intangible values with the income from a golf course? As America becomes more and more ur�anized, the need for the kind of training and outdoor experience available at nature centers becomes increasingly great. Al1 of us are involved in making major decisions which affect our environment so it is impori;ant that we have some under- standing on how natural systems operate. Nature centers play an important role in maintaining this critical link between man and nature. So it boils down to this--which use of North Pa�°k wi71 serve Fridley,and � the larger eommunity in which you live,best in the long run. A golf course will provide open space, some income, and recreation for a select group of adults and teenagers. A nature center will provide an outdoor classroom for your schools and a place where a learning experience and recreation can be combined for all age groups from early sciiool age to senior citizens. It will not produce an income--in fact, may be fairly expensive--but so are your schools and other educational and cultural facilit�es. Support for nature centers commonly comes from outside sources, too. My guess is that your community would find it much more difficult to find another site with all the attributes of North Park for a nature center than it would be to find another location for a golf course if you want both. If your officials are in doubt about which course of action to take, I sug- gest that they visit one or more of the nature centers of the metropolitan area and see for themselves how these areas are used. Then, compare that with the use being made of golf courses and note the differences. The�attached clippings tell something about my background and experience which justifies these comments in case anyone is interested. Attach. . . ••� . °- � . Sincerely, ///�� , /� // L-�- '--�;l.'Z�' . �l "' J�' 4' ""�/L/1� Arthur S. Hawkins _ _ _ �.�_. ____. _ _ _ _. __ _ � � 0 � _ : ,.-�.�, ' � � ; i t ' �. t 1 1 � , �] , ' � � ' 'n±�ri' y . . . • , . . . , _ .. _• � � � , : - : �'' '+ � , .` ,+nr... ..'`- . } . . . � . . - . o-. � �� . , � ;�"' � � �` - / ='- ! a � .� s �'�:\ � ' ` . , . � � ' : : �% .u..,. ', .,�` i .a - • � � + • � „�` . •• . �;. t� ; . � � ,� . � _ . � , � , . .. ��-.•� :� ti. s.'f ,� Q: j• � t!a' - p i .t vd1`�' •t s`� w►��i; - . . .J r '� :. . '•.�'�;• . ' ! �� • -j . - � , t t� - I � •' ':� � ' :- .. , . : , �r. .: : �., . - I' .",�", „' ��. j :: �:; • j� i i�s�s �i:• ' �• '!'1 ar: 'y-sa i� _ � lii � � f -: '. : �t� - .� ; r_. F,., - . . t ( : 1 i '•:. ::.: :�-._ ., , : �. ; .� _ ,.�.- - + ' + �.� ��i► i ti.1.� �.! � . '``,� _ _ � s s • - �y-. :. �.✓' � r ...�.�..�. h � +s � ii s� ; ��[ , {•. � � � . . �� °^.� < - r . s �� . �;.�'�/'/.0 ��1•,, � , ��'^s�i'.1�_., ��`�' �-j� �` ;_ ,1 ..:.. .iy � � : . � �� ` ` � '; � s` �'-!. � �1 � Zp? ��9 . � • � .�-i n �'6 . �'}°M. E4".._- � i . . . „� ' ,.. . .,� � � . . '_��p�� . �y a . �a t ��j-,-.� �� _ �, �� . `. ��,�`.. .. __�.... .�c�iir�J+:a.�Y.a�--..--:3�vis ��.,��.ia.� _ w-�.r .:+�:._ ��dS �FINS & FEATfiEItS contributor, Art Hacs�ins, (left) receives the 1973 Outstanding Conservationist A�.ard from bZilt Stenlund, president of the Minnesota Chapter of the Wildlifc.� Society. '� � e ' ' �.�.�i� ��. � �� , o .��,`' '• � � ��. �. c��,��.�'� Arthur S. Hawkins �cas presented Rith the annua111innesota aKard for "outstanding contributions to the profession of �rildlife management" by the hiinnesota Chapter of the �i'ildlifeSociety atitsannual banquet on April 13 in lSinneapolis. Ha�ckins recentl}• retired from the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and V4ildlife as the �ISississippi Flyway Representati�•e, is preseatl}• on special assignment for the Bureau on a studyofredheadducks. He is a regular contributor to Fins & Feathers. Ha«�kins �cas born on June 15, 1913� at Bataria, Ne�v York. He studied Biology and general sciences at 13atavia Hi�;h School and Kent on to major in zoology at Cornell Uni�•er;ity where he recei�•ed his B. S. debree in June 1934. Altcr �raduation hc worked ten��wrarily Eor thc hc�v York �flte t:�nscr�•ltion IhE�.1CCl11CDI fls •v� aquatic biolo�;ist. From i935 to 193II f►c ti��orkcd n� � r��s� ;irrh assistant tor tlie Universil�• oE Wi::consin �►•hile � •'� , � completing studies toR�ard a Master"s Degree in wildlife management which he received in May 1938. He then worked for the Ilinois Natural History Survey until 1946, interrup�ed by military service in the U. S. ��ri7iy from 1941 to 19•35. On May 15, i91G, Art Hawkins entered on duiy u-ith the U. S. Fish and �Vilcllife Service, serving as biologist in various capacities until 195� «•hen he was appointed Fly�say Representative for the Division of Wildlife of the Bureau for the Mississippi Fly�vay which en- cornpasses fourteen states and extends into C:uiacia. As F'lyway Kepresentati��e he was technical advisor to other operatin� branches of the Bureau b�th in the �Vasfun�;ton Ccntral Uliicc and in tlic Diin- neapolis Rc�;iona! Office. tic has txxen �lili�;ent and con- scientious in I�is rtfurts to protect and bring l�ac�k thc «��+terluwl sE�ecics in tl�is 1� lyw�+y. In par- licul�r. hc h:�d cmphasizcd U►e status ofsuch tipccics as titi•ood ctuck, cedhcad, and cancasb�ck. It has bren thruu�;h his leadcrship that the duck dcprrdation situation in the Ganadian prairics was forccfully brou�;ht to tt�e attention of the (]y1Yi1y COUfICIIS. He has served on the Se�minac Committee, 21linnesota Chapter of the Wildlife Society, anci for t�vo consecutive years has acted as chairman of the I.copold AwarJ Committee for the �Yildlife Society to recognize outstanding achievements in wildlife con- servation. This bLLSy biologist is also a member of the Society of Mammalogists,�Vil.son Orn;tholog ica 1 Club. Wilderness Society, and the Wildlife 11'fana�ement Institute. In addition� he has authored. numerous other publications on �zldlife and Kzldlife mana�ement. His off-the-job interests reflect his decotion to �zldlife consercation. He o«�ns a farm of somewhat over one hundred acreas north of St. Paul� and it has been a pilot area for wildlife practices under the agricultural conservation program. This includes pond development, tree and wlldlife food plantings, and soil erosion control w•ork. His farm is an outstanding exainpl� of a planned farm and wildlife management area. Another of his major v�terests in :he community is local tovsnship and county board meetings to improve community living, government, and the environment. He �vas se2ected as the G5vi1 Servant of the Year in 19&1 in the professional contribution category in the Twin Cyties area. T'he people who know and have w•orked with Art Hawkins feel that he has made and w�li continue to makeanoutstanding contribution to professionel v:ildlife management in the State of I�iin- nesota. ilis cc,ntributions in lhe field oE watcrfowl managcrnent extend throughout the biississippi I'lyway� Uie nation, and into Canada. Art Hawkins is a true disciple of l�is onc time advisor, thc late Aldo Lc�,uld. t.ike L.copold, Art is a strong ndvocate of basic and applicd rrscarch, intelli�;ent i��.�na�;ement, s�x,rtsaians}�ip, and qu��ity tiunting. '!tu•ouF;h his activitics hc has in- flucncccl the ti�inkir►�; ut m�ny oU�er pcu{,lc wliu havc learnc�l to r�pect lus juc4;n�ent. MAY 19)7 � ".�"_-�' ' ' ' � ' � ' ' � � � ' � ' � ' � , � � O � t� � i C�' � V � C3' � � o� i � � � N � � � O � f1 � M Q � � � � O � � r- � � 4 c 4 � c � � r- � � �5 � � � � Cr 0 � M .�-� cQOwmG wrth thE �o's .iune 25, 1973 Mayor & Members oi the City Council City oP Fridley Fridley, N�t 55�+32 Deax Mayor and Couricil Members: Aaving read and studied the North Paxk feASibility study by Brauer and Associates, Inc., i would l�ke to co�nent on one speciiic area. One of the specific objectives oi that study was "to define demand and need for nature interpretation in the Fridley area." Brauer and Associates surveyed school districts 1�, 16, 13, and 11 in terms of their needs for a nature center. However, Grace High School was not considered in their survey. Grace is a Pour year, Catholic high school located in Fridley and has an enrollment of 950 students. As a biology and ecology teacher and contact chairman of our science department, T ean only say that I am extremely disappointed that Grace and the needs of its students were not considered by the study. There is a dePinite need in the City of Fridley for such a proposed nature center for our students. T have personally visited the various park axeas of our city, especially Locke and North Park, and in my esti- ma.tion North Park is fa.r superior as an interpretative nature center. I sincerely hope that you will consider our needs and vote in Pavor of North Paxk as a nature center. Thank you. Sincerely yours, s�—��; �•�u'�� 'C, Bro. Thomas J�/ Sull�van, FSG'� Contact Chairman, Science Dept. Grace High School '� - Stat �nent beiore the F'ridley City C ouncil, June 25, 1973 � M�Y 14, 1973, members of the Minneapolis Audubon Society took a bird census of the 124 acre natural ar�, in Fridley which conse.rvation minded citizens i�^ant to preserve because of its va.ried habitat for wildlife. The members found it to be ideal for this pur�ose,•and were especially � impressed with its value to presea�t and succeeding generations in view of the growing pressure of urban development a,nd need for natural area,s of this qua,lity. Respect�ully submitted.� `�� 0(,�10� �► ``�Ge�j� . . 2'heodora G. l�fel�one President, r;linnea�olis 9udubon Society � �,- - In the past I have addressed this public forum on the issue of North Park as chairman of the Fridley D.F.L. Club. At a meeting of�the club held in the late summer of 1972, two representatives of the Fridley League of Women Voters made a presentation on the use of North Park as a nature center. The presentation was not necessarily emotion-tugging, but rather was primarily factual and to the point. , � After the presentation there was a vote taken on a resolution' to support North Park as a nature center. That vote was 25 aff irmative, 0 negative, and 1 abstaining. We know that some members of the Fridley D.F.L. Club would vo.te in favor of a golf course if a referendum were.taken today, however, we do know that in the instance of the vote that was taken, there was an unusual (for the D.F.L.) degree of unanimity expressed in the r,esult. As a private citizen, I would like to take my position with the supporters of a nature center, not because we don't need a golf course, and not because a golf course would not bring in some income to help support itself, but because in this day when we are faced with increasing deterioration of our lak� and other natural resources, including the very air we breathe, I feel it is time to stop the destruction of�those natural assets and preserve them for our posterity. . � �'�., /� .� n G � � ' ' � LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF FRIDLEY FRIDLEY, MINNESOTA Fridley City Council , 6431 University Ave. NE F�idley, Mn. 55432 ' � Gentlemen: � June 19, 1973 The League of Women Voters would like to camment on the �� . cost figures associated with the Brauer feasibility study • oa North Park and on Ellers and Associates cost projections. � � � �I J , ' We expected Mr. Brauer to outline a"range of costs" as spelled out in Alg of his contract. In discussions with Mr. Brauer and the Ad Hoc commfttee it was apparent that he would use two figures, $400,000 for nature centers and • $750,000 for golf courses,to describe what could be bought for those dollars. However, he said and the contract spells out that he would also provide a range of costs for both fBCilities so the City could compare what it might "buy" for 8 high price or a low price. It would appear that the study does not give anq alternatives to whatever design Mr, Brauer based his cost projections upon. We would consider this uafortunate and a serious omission from the contracted services/ stuay. , There have been informal estimates that North Park could be developed as a nature center at $200,000 or less. Comnarisone to other nature center developments indicate this could be a��ariable figure for North Park. An estimate of what could be a$200,000 nature ceater in North Park should be information solicited by the city from approprfate sources. The Natural Science for Youth Foundation has provided information to.the city about financing plans for nature center operations. , The Foundation representatives poiat out that across the countrq 8 successful way of funding operation costs include user fees, mcmberships and donations, and public money. We would suggest , the citq project nature center operation costs in a variety of ways including widely based support as part of its attempt to decide whether or not Fridley can participate ia a nature center ' peration and development. . The League of Womea Voters suppports funding from local (citq Affiliated with the �d 8�001, county, st�te and federal sources and would ' l�equ� of Women vore« or tn� u.s. support miaimal admissioa charges if necessarq. ' , � � R. M� � . ' ' � � ' ' . ' ' . � ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I.BAGUS OF WOrII;N VpTERS page 2 We maiatain that a bond issue is not the oaly source for fuading a aature center and have asked repeatedly that other sources of fundiag be investigated. Certainly as other school districts, the county and state funds are considered, it is important to demonstrate support ia these other jurisdictions for a nature intrepretive area. To this end, the League of Women Voters is informing residents of the county, other municipalities, and the school districts of North Park aad its potential as a aature ceuter. • ide r,iould like to comment on Ellers cost projections. We would urge the tity to ask the fiscal consultant to project costs on a nature center at other figures as well as those he has done from the Brauer report. [�le would also urge the city to outline several cases including costs from other sources thaa city revenue,; further, we would urge the citq to have Ellers describe the effect of upon the city if revenue sharing money is used to develop a nature��ceater. . � Finally, �e would like iaformaticn from Brauer and Associates about what he based his aature center cost estimates upon. Of particular interest is what requiremeats make $70,000 in earth moving and the tree grubbing costs. Mr. Brauer states Water should be taken care of off site if possible for the golf course. Are these costs reflected in �is development costs of a golf course? I hope these points indicate some of the concerns we still have about the North Park feasibilitq studq and financial projections. Re�c fully yours, cL.,�,.��-� Barbara L. Hughes President • . 0 ' ' � IINDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISI�RICT N0.14 s)� Mississippi St. N.E. i � fridley, Minn. 55432 �� ' . � �� C�.�.�.::.�....e w �. O� f:.�. 612 - 560 - 5360 June 18, 1973 ' . Mr. Tim Breider, Councilman ! • City of F`ridley , ' . 6431 University Avenue N.E. , �4: Fridley, Minnesota 55432 ' � Dear Councilman Breider: ' ' Your letter of Ma 2, 1973, to District 14 requesting informa- Y tion regarding possible educational use of potential facilities , at the North Park area was sentrto my office by the Board of Education with the request that we provide whatever data pos- sible. ' • The school board members asked that in addition to surveying our own instructional staff, we also contact some administrators ' in Metropolitan districts in order to obtain whatever informa- tion they might have gathered from their experiences utilizing - already existing nature centers. . ' We trust that the enclosed report will provide you with informa- tion which will be of some value to city officials as the de- cision is being made regarding North Park. ' � Please let me know if we can be of further assistance. ' ' � Sincerely yours, ' ' � Thomas . Myhra � Curriculum Coordinator �' _ . TJM:mr � � - ' Enc. ,. • ' CC : Dr . Hansen � ' - ' ; . �� ' ' ' r POSSIBLE FUTURE UTILIZATION OF PROPOSED USES FOR THE NORTH PARK AREA It has long been a part of the philosophy of District 14 to utilize any community resources that will enhance the educational program of our district. � In that spirit the curriculum staff responds to Councilman Breider's re- ' quest for information regarding possible district use of either a nature center or a golf course at the North Park area in this report. t In making this information available as to District 14 use of city facilities, no effort was made to consider the financial conditions surrounding the utilization of either a nature center or golf course. Naturally, any costs '� which would be associated with either type of development, could inhibit the school district's use of the facilities. ' �� JI ' ' , ' ' ' 1 Mr. Breider's letter asks for quantity of activity by numbers of students involved, and this is most difficult to answer specifically. For the nature center concept, if that were developed, we would likely have a larger number of students involved there on a field trip basis, than we would for a golf cours�. But if the golf course concept were developed we would likely have fewer students involved, but they would be using the facility on�a regularly scheduled basis. Therefore the utilization would have to be figured on a student-use hour, and i find it impossible to make any kind of a reasoned estimate as to number of student-use hours the dis- trict might utilize with either North Park concept, except as may be pro- jected from the following report: • Elementary School Use ' In an attempt to secure some sort of a qua�itity of student use, each of our 103 elementary classroom teachers received a questionnaire asking how a nature center might be utilized and how many visits io it might be pro- fitably made in one year. Forty percent of the staff returned the completed survey instrument. The number of suggested visits to the center varied from one to nine with the median, mode, and mean each being three visits. Using our present school population as a base this would give us a range of 2,772 to 24,948 students on one to nine visits a year, and 8,316 students if we use the three visit figure. The elementary staff inembers were not asked about utilization of a golf course. . . � If the nature center concept were developed, the district staff inembers could use it when teaching units associated with the environment. In our new human ecolugy curriculum, the rationale for environmental education specifically maintains that all staff inembers from first grade teachers to foreign language instructors must share in the task of bringing students to understanding their responsibility in this matter. Nevertheless, ' . � � ' • ' ' ' ' ' � North Park Area ' � Page 2 � specific units of study, especially in science, could lend themselves to a nature center. I'm referring to such things as birds, insects, mammals, rocks, soil and water as these units are found in first and fourth grades, and second and fifth grades elementary science curriculum; plus nature study units wherever they might occur. Nature study could become a seasonal sequential part of the science curriculum and should not be a one trip per year plan, and should include things such as nature hikes, observing seasonal changes in the environment; and viewing habitat changes in a undisi�urbed setting. One of our staff inembers has suggested that Fridley will begin to have an increased need for a nature center as more of the population lives in apartments, or in homes with "neatly planted yards." . Other elementary staff inembers view a possible nature center an excellent setting for the language arts activities of writing poetry and short stories; ' and for art activities such as painting with all its preliminary preparation. ' ' ' � LI ' ' ' _ If the city were to develop the golf course at North Park, I ean't see the district using it as a part of our instructional program at the elementary level, though one elementary staff inember from Rice Creek indicated that such use would occur. Perhaps this �appens because of the "Interest Curriculum" project at that school that had beginning golf as one of its electives. I would suppose, however, that a.greater number of students than now would come to our junior high school with some golfing experience--experience gained at the more convenient local course. However, I couldn't begin to guess how much our students might use a golf course (or a nature center for that matter) on an out-of-school, non-teacher-directed recreational basis. Secondary School Uee Each of our 140 secondary classroom staff inembers received a questionnaire which asked for possible use of either a nature center or a golf course. T�aenty-four staff inembers (17% of those receiving the form) returned the completed survey instrument. Ten indicated they would make instructional use of a nature center, eight would make instructional use of a golf course, and six indicated they would have use �or neither. Of the staff inembers indicating a need for the nature center, the frequency of use varied greatly and it was not always clear whether this was for one class, all of the instructor's classes, for an extra curricular activity, or for a small group. Nevertheless the stated number of desired visits � numbered from once a year to holding one quax•ter c� the class sessions at� that location. Some staff inembers mentioned the nature center as a natural setting for some units found in junior high school science, and in the biology and horticulture classes at the senior high school. One of our secondary staff inembers believes that a nature center might be ' used by secondary students in a number of time variations, i.e., all day use by a class, two hour block use, evening use, weekend use, and summer use. I� ' ' � ' • ' North Park Area ' � Page 3 One of our secondary science ataff inembers made the following points as to how the secondary schools might utilize a nature center: 1. "Secondary students could be given specific lessons at an outdoor area. This could be done by a center staff, or ours. The bui8ding is of value for �nclement weather and for as- similation of data collected. Our present biology and con- servation classes need such a facility. 2. "Secondary students could use the area for projects and re- search work. This would be of value to the student and the staff as a working together relationship on specific problems. 3. "Students could use the facility on weekends for recreational use . ,� 4. "A meeting place for secondary students interested in ecology. 5. "Su�ner classes in nature study for our students. ,.�� ' 6. "Adult classes in nature study could be held at a nature center facility." � � � � � ' , ' ' This same s�aff inember suggested that "a cooperative program with surround- ing school districts could be set up. This would mean staffing and equip- ment from many districts. Summer and evening programs could be set up with cross district staff and students. It would seem to me to be important to acquire a cooperative program with shared ideas and costs. It would appear that many benefits could be derived from such a program." The eight secondary staff inembers who indicated they would ma3ce instructional use of a golf course suggested uses varying from physical education classes and intramural and inter-scholastic activities to field trips and work sta- tions. It was not always clear how frequently the course would be used nor how many students would be participating. One staff inember suggested that it would be used for physical education every day in fall and spring for a total of 50 days. If one grade at each school were involved, the nu�nber of students involved would be approximately 800, but we do not know the number of trips each student would make to the course. Another staff ine;nber suggested that the intramural and inter-scholastic aetivities scheduled after school would be held every day in the spring and fall (8 to 10 weeks each) for a total of 16 to 20 wee�CS. We are talking about the golf course being utilized for SO to 100 days, but in this in- stance we do not know how many girls and boys would be involved. Presently we conduct a rather extensive interscholastic golf program for 6th and 9th grade boys at the junior high school. I would see this program as being capable of expansion if moved to a North Park area, since lack of facilities at the present time has limited participation. A junior high , . � . - � ' ' North Park Area ' ' l� ' �l � ■ Page 4 • school girl's golf program begins this fall on an intramural basis. Because of the direction the State High School League has taken in reference to sport activities for girls, one can anticipate that this golf program will become inter-scholastic in nature in the near future. At the Senior High School golf instruction is a part of the lifelong sports division of both the girls' and boys' physical education curriculums. Pres- ently the course is limited to basic essentials because of the lack of a golf course which would make it possible to insure that every student has shot an 18 hole round of golf before he graduates. As with the golf program at the Junior High School, the program at the Senior High School includes a girls' golfing activity which here, however, is extramural in nature. Competition is held with other schools, but not on a regularly scheduled conference basis. Once again this program is limited because of lack of facilities, a limitation that also precludes any kind of an intramural golf program for boys. Finally the boys' interscholastic golf program at the Senior High School would use the North Park golf course if such were developed rather than driving to courses in other parts of the Metropolitan area. Another use of a golf course would be in the district adult education pro- gram. Each spring enough community residents sign up for golf so that at least two classes are f�iled. A local course would be of help in this program. � Ex_periences of Other Districts In order to gain an understanding of the experiences that other schools have had, we contacted school administrators in a number of suburban districts. '. The administrators from three surrounding districts indicated they had little experience or information that would be useful to us regarding either a nature center or a golf course, but would use whatever facility Fridley should decide to build. � � �� ' An administrator in a West Metropolitan district without either a nature center or golf course indicated that his district teachers made extensive use of the Carver Nature Center. All elementary and large numbers of sec- ondary students utilize this center at which the district keeps a full time staff inember. So far as golf is concerned, the school transports the students to whatever course in the Metropolitan area they can get on -- paying the regular fees. The school district has been approached by the city pursuant to a land purchase the city plans to make for the purpose of establishing a golf course. The district refused to make more than a general commitment to its use. ' . .� North Park Area ' Page 5 In a Lake Conference school district that has ready access to three�nature centers, an administrator noted that students from every school in his dis- trict were brought to the Woodlake, Hyland and Carver Centers. He was not sure that every student took such a trip, but the centers are very much used. He commented that students go on their scheduled day even if the weather is inclement, because if they cancel out they may not get in again for a year or more. At the present time he is scheduling trips to the nature centers for next May. In another Lake Conference school district that makes wide use of nature centers, an administrator stated that all the elementary children, about 4,500, go to a nature center at least three times a year. Students in the schools near the Woodlake Nature Center go more often. At the secondary level many classes such as biology, horticulture and envir�A�aental science utilize the center as do staff inembers who receive in-service training at Woodlake. A golf coach in the first named district above noted that golf teams were kept small because of greens fees and that physical education classes did not use the golf course at all for the same reason. He suggested that if FY�idley were to have a golf course it should be free for the team. In the latter district an administrator noted that they have no local golf course but transport their students to whatever course they can get on. He said that the district has a very poor golf program, and felt that lack of courses for young people was largely instrumental. In closing let it be noted that the curriculum staff of District 14 will attempt to utilize to the fullest extent possible whatever facility the . City of Fridley decides to develop at the North Park area. 0 i � 0 , � o A- ' ' •.i ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' , NATURALISTS' EVALUATION OF NORTH PARK FRIDLtY, 'riItvi�cSOTH APRIL 16, 1973 0 r N 4 r ' ' ' ' , 1 ' ' ' ' , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' � e c TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION FIRST IMPRESSIONS GEOLOGY TOPOGRAPHY � SOILS WATER VEGETATION WILDLIFE: WATER ORIENTED SPECIES BIRDS MAMMALS, PRAIRIE WILDLIFE, MANAGEMENT FOREST OVERALL SITE: SIZE, SHAPE AND FLEXIBILITY INTRUSIONS CONTROL ACCESS MAIN BUILDING OR ANOTHER STRUCTURE AS A BLIND .SUGGESTION FOR THE ROADS AREA NORTH OF COUNTY ROAD 132 SOMETHING IS LOST HOPEFULLY THIS AREA WILL OFFER THE WHOLE COMMUNITY SOMETHING WHY�A NATURALIST 'UNIQUE POTENTIAL AT NORTH PARK P n ti PAGE 1 3 4 5 6 8 10 13 13 14 16 I9 20 20 21 21 22 23 23 24 24"- 25 ' ' ' ' . ' ' ' ' ' ' t ' , ' ' , 1 ' ' Y TABLE.OF CONTENTS (cont.)� � HOW ABOUT A COMBINATION NORTH PARK IN THE FUTURE r �, PAGE 26 27 � � , ' INTRODUCTION "Daddy, Daddy com'ere quick - look what I found, quick!" - ' Naturalist Don Fondrick's eldest son Kyle, age 6, had just dis- covered a pila of wood chips left by a beaver at a small Aspen ' ' ' tree. Don's two boys are not strangers to the out-of-doors; they have gone on many trips with their Dad and have witnessed far more of the natural world than most youngsters their age. Yet they still get excited by the simple phenomenon of life. ' The area Don was showing to his sons was North Park, 123 acres ' ' ' ' C ' ' ' ' �J ' , located in the Northwest corner of Fridley, Minnesota. Don had been asked by Brauer & Associates to evaluate North Park as the potential site for a,nature center. On one of the several visits he made to the area he brought his two sons Kyle and Kurt, age 4. Adults often miss much of the excitement of nature for various reasons; stemming from our lack of perspective due to our size, to our often suppressed sense of wonder, and to our blaise attitude engendered by the grind of daily urban life. For that reason Don had sought the reactions of his children. At a time when vacant lots are becoming fewer and fewer, children and adults still need a place where they can observe at close proximity some of the natural world. This is possibly more spectacular to a child than seeing men walk on the moon. As we move along toward a more and more planned existence, we must have areas such as this to instill an appreciation of the natural in our young. It is one thing for a child to see the microscopic world of a drop of pond water telecast on "Sesame Street" - it is something else to actually feel, smell and taste a pond. � 4 � ' ' , ' ' ' ' ' ' � � � ' ' ' ' ' ' ' a page 2 How do you place a value on a piece of woods? I�`has X number of dollars as timber, or used in the development of homes or industry, but how do you measure the wonder of a child as he dis- covers a chip�unk, - a real live chipmunk, - not a magazine picture, not a T.V. picture, not even a plastic Disney animal, - but a real, air breathing, seed chewing, Chipmunk! In an earlier, simpler time, when we had access to empty lots •and other "natural" areas, perhaps an Oa�k woods could be measured in dollars and cents, perhaps, but not so �oday. If we examine the growth predictions for the north suburbs of the Twin Cities, we see continued urbanization with all of its ramifications both negative and positive. What began as a vast hardwood-savannah area is shrinking steadily; today only islands are left. It behooves us as a society to maiintain enough of our heritage for following generations. Notice we said enough -- not all. Given the realities of our times we realize not all of the sand plain could be preserved - nor of course, should it. This report has been prepared by Don Fondrick, Manager, Randy Hughes, and Dick Birger, Naturalists,-at Wood Lake Nature Center, in Richfield, Minnesota. This group brings a variety of backgrounds to this project: high school biology teacher, wildlife manager, and agriculturist. All of us have experience dealing with the interpretation of the natural world for the public as well as management of natural areas. � R ' C� ' ' L_ J J � � ' C_ 1 ' �i I ' � � I , I ' ' P�9� �F�RST zMPRESSIONs The area is primarily Red Oak forest interspersed with lowlands of Aspen and uplands of open prairie. The water flowage is generally from northeast to southwest. A large beaver dam has been constructed near the southwest corner, that has backed up a pond of approximately 30 acres with a depth behind the dam of about 4- 5 feet. The beaver pond and dam is the first area we looked at. It has flooded an open grass lined basin with several islands of Aspen and Alder � in the center. The next area we examined was the upland prairie on the west side. This area has viable populations of several types of native grasses, i.e. Big Bluegrass, Cordgrass, Indian Grass and Wi1d Rye. The uniqueness of this plant conmunity cannot be stressed enough. Populations of native prairie are much less common than tracis of virgin timber. The other domin�nt biome type we examined was the Oak-Aspen forest complex. The density of this stand ranges from fairly open Savannah to very thick tangles of Aspen, Hazel, and Alder. Although the site is only 123 acres, there are several spots on the area where the intrusions of man-made technology are absent. Several of these spots are located in the Oak woods, near the center of the area. Another interesting area is where the Oak woods on the high ground merge with the Aspen and marsh areas on the lower wetter ground, These "edge" areas are extremely beneficial to wildlife and will be discussed in detail, as will the other features of the site, in the following report, r � �. n GEOLOGY page , The geology of the North Park site is a reflection of the geology of the. larger area, namely the Anoka sand plain. This broad area extends roughly from Minneapolis through Elk River to Princeton eastward to the St. Croix River. Glacial river sand was laid down as the preglacial Mississippi moved westward with the retreating Grantsburg sublobe of the Wisconsin phase of glaciation. The many lakes and marshes on the sand plain lie in pockets left by huge buried blocks of ice deposited by the retreating glacial sublobe. . The geology of the site is not of a form readily used in an interpretive program. Its importance should not be discounted. But on this particular site the effects of the geological history are more easily demonstrated in the soil, vegetation, and there-' fore the .wildlife. 0 r 6 A � � . TOPOGRAPHY � page 5 ' , The topography of the North Park site varies from 850 to 880 feet above sea level. There is not a great deal of vertical dis- i" placement as is typical of the Anoka sand plain area. The rolling terrain is well suited to the needs of a nature center. There is ' a variety of walking conditions combined with areas suitable for ' ' � � ' ' viewing structures, blinds, and larger buildings. Another feature�of the topography is a natural "amphitheater" type of configuration surrounding the beaver pond on the East side. This could be capitalized on in several spots to offer possible viewing areas of the pond with its numerous attractions. The existing topography would require relatively little change if the area is to be used as a nature center. Beside the building of an interpretive center and smaller support structures, the major change in topography would be trail contruction and stabiliza- tion. � The configuration of the beaver pond also lends itself to a possible floating bridge type of structure with the obvious pond , study advantages this would �imply. ' ' ' � ' ' P 4 � _- � ' ' � , page 6 � __SOILS The soils on the North Park site are a typical example of those found on the Anoka sand plain. Refer to the U.S. Dept, of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service Inventory and Evaluation of the North Park site for a detailed discussion of specific soil types and characteristics. According to the University of Minnesota Extension Bulletin No. 321, the general features of the Anoka sand plain include ' a gently rolling to flat topography, interspersed with peat bogs, ' slopes generally o� less than 12%, and a water table that is re- latively high. Internal and surface drainage is rapid.and the ' sandy surface soil is too draughty for ideal lawn cultivation and plantings or ornamentals. The site at North Park is classified as , Group 1. To quote from the bulletin -- "Group 2 is more desirable ' than Group 1, for agriculture, golf courses, and recreation areas that need good turf development. ' Site development costs are low for subdivision type of resi- dences on this sandy soil type. The level topography combined with � the characteristics of the soil, i.e. low shrinkage and expansion ' index, good drainability, and minimum frost heave, make this soil advantageous for large buildings, highways, parking lots, and � airports. These factors have historically led to rapid conversion ' of marginal agricultural lands to urban types of development. This has taken place in the past and will cont�nue at an accelerated ' pac.e on the remainder of the sand plain. Therefore a portion of �this type of biome should be retained in the manner in which the ' pioneer settlers found it. ' � P 0 4 y paye 7 The region around the Twin Cities Metropolitan area borders a region known to the early settlers as the "Big Woods" -- this was a vast hardwoods forest that ran roughly 100 miles long by 40 miles wide, extendir�g from St. Cloud to Fairbault. The North Park site exhibits the characteristics of this famous hardwoods with its interspersed loamy sand based prairie community. 0 r � � � F � ' ' � ' � ' ' � ' � � � WATER � Surface water in almost any of its forms is an invaluable asset to a nature interpretive area, both because of its aesthetic appeal to people in general and also because of its attraction to various forms of wildlife. The North Park site has an abundance of surface water, about one th�ird of the area, in various forms. These include streams, marshes, either submerged or saturated, and a pond caused by beaver activity in the southwest corner of the site. A high water table in the immediate area and north and west of the North Park site seems to insure an adequate source of water for the area indefine�e�ly. MANAGEMENT: The prospects for improving both the diversity and quality of surface water at North Park are fairly extensive. Potholes�: On the upland areas of the site there are some excellent spots where the woodland pothole type habitat could be developed. This would add some diversity to the fairly extensive hardwood forest. Y Stream: The streams on the site appear to have been partially channelized. The quality of the streams could be greatiy enhanced if effort was made to give them a more meandering course with ' natural obstructions, i.e. brush or log wing dam, etc., in 1 strategic places to cause pooling and backwaters. Marsh areas: The marsh type areas on the site, aside from the � � � � small cattail marsh flooded by beaver dam backwater, are overgrown with grasses, sedge, and cattail. The possibility of developing part of this area, principally in the northeast corner of the site, to provide some open water areas may be feasible. r L e ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' .. page 9 Beaver pond: The beaver pond is a valuable asset to the area. Admittedly it is"only a temporary thing but nevertheless after the dam is abandoned and breaks, the study of the.area would be an exciting part'of any naturalist program for a number of years. In a long range plan for the area, several years after the beaver have left, a man-made water control structure at the approximate site of the present beaver dam would be valuable in managing this particular area for waterfowl, furbearers, songbirds, and other marsh animals. Water program.suggestions: Stream studies could include - volume of flowages, comparisons in water qualities: water quality as it enters the area on the north and west side compared to quality as it exits on the southwest side. Watershed studies on and off the North Park site. r n R ' ' 1 � VEGETATION page 10 At the time th� American Bison, Elk, Grisly Bear and Timber Wolf were stil�l roaming central Minnesota, the�vegetation of much of the North Park site was probably the prairie-oak-savannah type ' habitat. Mature prairie is a form of plant community becoming so rare due to extensive farming of the prairie regions of the United ' States, The control of natural wild fires and good old "progress" that at the present time it exists in only a few scattered tracts ' of varying sizes, mostly small, throughout the plains states. � ' ; ' � � ' North Park has native prairie! On the grassy knoll northwest of the beaver pond and the hillside south of the beaver pond, Bi� Bluestem, Little Bluestem, Indian Grass, Wild Rye, Goldenrod, and. Wild Aster were identified. It is suspected that several other species of native prairie grasses and forbs exist on the area but at this time of the year it is impossible to tell. This is a tre- mendous asset ta the area and should be preserved and managed no matter what course the development the rest of the area takes. When the natural fires of the prairies were stopped by the early settlers, shrubs and trees soon moved across the grasslands. The transition from prairie to forest occurs in stages and this process of transition is called biotic succession. An important ' feature of North Park is that many of the stages of succession are 1 ' � � � represented in the area. There are many areas where Aspen and shrubs; Sumac, Dogwoods, Wild Rose, Honeysuckle, Prickely Ash, etc., the first invaders, have only recently spread over the grasslands. Over quite an ex- tensive area of the park, in the more well drained.areas, succession . � � page 11 ' ' had gone a step further and the Red Oaks are well established with scattered s�ecies of other. hardwoods and forest plants inter- ' mixed. The aesthetic value of a mature Oak forest cannot be estimated. Surely 100 year old Oak trees and grape vines as thick '� as a man's wrist are attractions to the area well worth saving! ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' , In a few areas Maple and Basswood were present. The Oaks, grand though they may be, may eventually form such a dense canopy that only the shade tolerant Maple and Basswood seedlings will be able to survive. And the final self sustaining Maple-Basswood forest will probably result. A hike across North Park reveals almost a text-book example of succession. _ The less well drained areas on the site offer still more variety in vegetative types. Wet prairie, containing native species of grass and manna, merge into saturated Aspen and Cottonwood forest with Willow, Dogwood, Elderberry, and Current understory. These saturated areas have somefascinating and beautiful moss, lichen, and fungus growths which would add tremendously to decom- position and soil formation studies. One nice little grove of Paper Birch was also found. The diversity of the vegetative communities of North Park provides several advantages for the visitor. �esthetical]y the area offers the seclusion of a large hardwood forest, the bustling activity of birds and small mammals on the brushy border areas, ' and the nostalgic value of native prairie much as it was when our forefathers saw this country. As plant communities change and ' succession progresses the animals dependent on the plants change. �Each plant community supports its own unique wildlife populations. ' Diversity in wildlife from large mammals to insects can only be a ' . r �, d � . � ' 1 WILDLIFE: WATER ORIENTED SPECIES The stream and beaver pond were alive with minnows and in page 13 several areas.the activities of crawfish were in evidence. Toads, frogs and mud turtles must be abundant in summer. These water areas undoubtedly support a variety of aquatic insect and inverte- , brate life, a primary link for many food chains. Possible activities ' might include population studies of minnows and crawfish, and pond and stream comparison studies of invertebrates and other small I � ' ' LJ ' aquatic animal life. Birds: Ma7lard and Wood Duck pairs (which probably nest there) were sighted on the area during appraisal. I would also suspect some nesting use by Blue-winged Teal, while the pond area is probably frequented by other species of migrating waterfowl on occassion. The suggestions for pothole construction, stream improvement and marsh development would substantially increase the number and varieties of nesting waterfowl in the area. ' There are in the Twin Cities area nine Giant Canada Goose flocks already established. It is possible that birds from these ' flocks may come into North Park on their own in the future. How- ' ' ' ' � ' ever, establishing a breeding flock on the area artificially would not be difficult. They are an easy bird to acquire and manage, and give a great deal of pleasure to the public. A Great Blue Heron was sighted, The.stream and beaver pond with its plentiful supply of minnows probably supports other fish eating species such as Night Herons, kingfishers, and Green Herons. Red-winged Blackbirds were already plentiful at the time of our visit and it is more than likely that Rails, Marsh Wre�s and a r M � � � page 14 variety of other small water oriented songbirds use the area in the summer. 0 � Mammals: The area supports an abundance of small and medium sized mammals,associated with water as might be expected by the '� amount of surface water in various forms on the area. Signs of Weasel, Mink, Muskrat, and Raccoon were present and of course the ' Beaver's activities could hardly be overlooked. All of these animals ' are fairly seclusive and nocturnal in habits, but the simple fact that people know they are present enhances the area. Their affinity ' to water enhances the possibility of finding tracks and other signs on the muddy shoreline. Animal tracking and related activities ' such as making plaster castings of tracks fascinate many people '.� and could easily be worked into a program for the area. Prairie Wildlife: The prairie ecosystem supports its own � unique forms of wildlife from characteristic insect populations on up to mammals. Unfortunately the Bison is gone and all we can do ' is reminisce of those days. A few of the smaller mammals and birds �1' �I J � ' 1 ' � � � specifically adapted for the grassland habitat remain. Pocket Gophers and Ground Squirrels have been active in the area and Meadowlark, Western Meadowlark, Killdeer and Horned Lark were observed. In all probability Boblink, Field Sparrows and a variety of other grassland songbirds utilize the area. Prairie also offers prime nesting sites for puddle duck species of waterfowl and being located adjacent to the beaver pond should be used extensively by them. . Management: Periodic controlled burning of the prairie will halt brush intrusion, rejuvenate, restore and encourage more ex- tensive use by the prairie oriented species. I would not recommend commercial seeding to restore the badly abused prairie areas but _ � .. Paae 1� � �� if local seed or plants become available it would certainly be advantageous to use�them to improve ' the poorer areas. Possible program uses might include effects of ' burning studies controlled , wild edible foods, taxonomy of native prairie species, and history of prairies. ' � � ' � ' � . ' � ' � ' � " i - 1 1 � . 1 . . 1 � � r y 6 ' 1 ' � ' ' � � �� I _J �� FOREST The forest offers a new aspect in wildlife populations. Spec- ialized insects, such as Termites, Woodborers; Carpenter Ants and hundreds of others breakdown dead and dying trees, and litter, as well as being a prime source of food for many types of forest birds and small animals. Tree Frogs, Skt�nks, Toads, Garter Snakes, etc., certainly inhabit a forest of the quality found at North Park. On our visit Chickadees, Nuthatches, Flickers, Downy and Hairy Wood- peckers were observed. An ample supply of mature Oaks, many of them hollow, must support a generous population of the forest dwelling cavity nesting species. Numerous Chipmunks were sighted in the area while evidence of Grey Squirrels was fairly common. 7he importance of these small mammals should not be underestimated. They become easily accustomed to people, providing enjoyment for the casual hikers. The effects of their seed and n�t gathering activities on a forest lends itself to an interpretive program. This forest most likely supports a fair population of Flying Squirrels and tree roosting varieties of Bats. These animals although seclusive and nocturnal are still interesting and add to the area's total appeal. ' As mentioned earlier the forest edge adjoins prairie areas, � �� u shrub and young As.pen stands, lowland marsh areas, cree� bottom areas and mature Aspen and Cottonwood stands. This "edge effect" is a valuable asset to the area. (In which many species thrive, utilizing the advantages of two or more habitat types in close proximity) A wide variety of song birds must utilize this area. Already at the time of our visit Blue Jays, Song Sparrows, Tree � ; � page � Sparrows, Robins, Brown Thrasher, and Cardinal were present. By � mid-summer the site should be alive with several species of Fly- � catchers, Wrens, Native Sparrows, Thrushers, and Warblers. Some e�iidence of Cottontail Rabbit activity was noted. The �� population could probably be increased by brush pile contruction _ and by sprouting after control burning. Several Pheasants were seen and evidence of Deer was plentiful. The presence of this big ' game anima] is a definite attraction. Browse studies, census studies, a comparison of the effects of Deer and Rabbit browsing � on the habitat seem a natural for an interpretive program. If, due to the extensive contruction and development around � t.he North Park site, the herd becomes confined to the site area, , careful management and periodic thinning of the herd would be essential to ensure against an overpopulation which would damage � the habitat and result in starvation and disease. Fox sign, a Skunk (only the odor), a Red-tailed Hawk, a Great ' Horned Owl and Crows were noted in the area while a few signs of ' predation on small birds and animals were also found. This is good; these interesting animals perform an important function in the � natural system and the predator-prey relationships are a fascinating addition to any interpretive program. ' No Ruffed Grouse were seen, nor was there any drummin heard 9 � during our visit, but I believe they have been seen at North Park in the past. The area seems a natural for these birds with the � numerous stands of various age Aspen and the rrature forest in close I � I ' I ' proximity. With a little management it could be made even more appealing to this fascinating bird which I am sure would do well there. � � � page 18 The lowland, sa�urated forest areas also seem ideal for Wood- cock, although none were sighted. I would guess that this unusual bird, if it does not nest in the area, must frequent it during spring and fall migra�tions. In summation the quality and diversity of wildlife in North Park is exceptional and some management of the area could make it even better. : - r � ' i ' � !_i � � ' � ' i � � � ' � ' ' ' ' OVERALL S�ITE: SIZE, SHAPE AND FLEXIBILITY I believe the area has sufficient size and an adequate shape to be useful a,s a nature center. One hundred twenty three acres can be used by many people without harming it. It would be poor planning, however, to try to make North Park all things to all people. Therefore, a firm philosophy of compatable uses must be established if the area is to be a nature center. North Parks size and shape will allow a very fine nature center to exist. The 8quareness of its shape would easily allow three loop type trails, each beginning and ending at an interpretive center. The advantages of this type of trail system are: the public does not have to retrace its steps, and new trails can be explored on subsequent visits. , One trail could wind its way through the Oak-Savannah forest on the east side of the site. Another trail might lead to the prairie knoll on the westside of the area and return along the north border. The last trail could run part way up the west side of the beaver pond and then cross a bridge on the upper end of the pond, returning to the original location. Some trails will need bridges across creeks. The beaver trail may, in fact, be a series of small bridges from land to island to land. Bridges, as I have suggested, will allow people a closeness to beaver activity without getting their feet wet. It is also a good idea to keep these bridges low to the water so inquisitive hands can be put into the pond. Although 1000 acres migh� be desirable, experience has shown 100+ acres to be ver�y usable. Well thought out controls such as � � page 20 � � staying on pathways, restrictions on picking plants and pets and ' motorized vehicles would allow 50,000 plus people a year to use ' and enjoy North Park. INTRUSIONS: • '� The most obvious intrusions are the railroad tracks and the high tension wires on the west side. At first glance, I would � reall like to et rid of them. However the ma lend themselves Y 9 � Y Y ' to studies of man's effect on his environment. The interested, involved mind soon learns to ignore these distractions; I do not ' see them as a real problem. I also found many places that were � secluded, where no man-made structures could be seen. Other in- trusions, including dumping, motorcycles, snowmobiles, trappers, ' and poachers (with bow and arrows, BB guns and shotguns), and ax artists, have also done damage. These problems are solvable and ' controls can be initiated.. ' ' ' , ' � ' , ' 0 CONTROL: One look at North Park in its present state is ample arguement that controlled access is absolutely necessary for the area. Motorized vehicles must go before the site is damaged beyond repair. Illegal dumping, poaching and vandalism certainly does not enhance a natural area. Some form of fencing is the only answer. In my experience chain link works well; it is sturdy and hard to cut, but also expensive. Some research to see how other less expensive fences have worked in other areas might be in order. Since ground nesting species of birds are very susceptible to dogs, the fence should be close enough to the ground to prevent dogs from squeezing underneath. I have found that a fence close to the ground in no way hinders wil�life from getting over or through it, . R � � 1 ' ' page zl to come and go from the area as they please. Fences have to be stable but also pleasant to look at. Plant- ings of climbing varieties of vegetation such as Wild Grape, Virginia Creeper, and Bittersweet along the fence would enhance its . look as well as being as asset to the wildlife in the area. Probably parking facilities should be outside perimeter fence, � allowing only pedestrian traff�ic into the interpretive area itself. This eliminates the problem of unauthorized vehicles and pets , wandering through a�large drive-in gate. Turnstile or self-closing ' gates are preferable. " ' 1 � � ' !� ACCESS: A main entrance would probably be best coming from County Road 132. A driveway is already in existence there. It is also a central point and would work well with previously suggested trails. There are areas in the Oak-Savannah that are almost ready made for a building. Be sure to remember the handicapped when building parking lots, entrances and bathrooms. MAIN BUILDING OR ANOTHER STRUCTURE AS A BLIND: Why not establish a small baiting area with salt, corn, fish oil ' or planted clover which would attract animals early in the morning or � late in the evening? Best viewing may be possible with a night spot light. There are good chances of getting Deer, Raccoons, Skunks, ' Mink, and other elusive animals out into the open. Artists and photographers, as well as the casual visitor, should enjoy this type ', � of opportunity. , ' Another thought for around the. building would be small pockets ', ' = r ' ,. ' 1 ' ' � ' � � ' ' �� page 22 of brush and vegetation that would attract Chipmunks, Ground Squirrels, Grey Squirrels, Cottontail Rabbits, and songbirds. These pockets work especially well if they are laced with grain and suet. These feeder areas should be kept full all year long for best results. Close observation of the animals will delight the young and old alike. Many nature centers rely on help from volunteers of all ages. This is a realistic way of doing things the staff does not have the time or muscle to do. Co-ordinating volunteers takes a great deal of effort but the results are two-fold: First, you get the job done. Second, and probably more important, you develope positive public relations with in the community. Community awareness and interaction with the center is a very important concept. The nature center itself is a natural meeting place for scouts, garden clubs, service clubs, ski clubs, outdoor clubs, photo clubs, and senior citizens. Often members of these clubs form the nucleus for the volunteer help. 0 SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROADS: People tend to use the paths which require the least effort. This trait should be kept in mind when a trail system is proposed. ' Presently there are several well worked paths on the site. These ' � ' � should be considered as a basis for future trails when they can be stabilized and brought up to standards. Experience shows that people still use old trails even if they are blocked off. It also takes quite a while to re-establish vegetation on old roads. To reiterate; use the old roads as much as possible for the trail system, this will help in management c�nsiderably. ' � , ', ' �LJ ' ' ' ' ' 1 ' C � � ' ' �I ��J ' ' ' ' ' -. page 23 AREA NORTH OF COUNT�Y ROAD 132: I found the.rolling Oak-Savannah north of county Road 132 to � be very intriguing. Not only were the mammoth Oak and Elm trees, but there were quiet pools and spots where there could be more pools. This combination of very old trees, rolling terrain, and pools made it the very nicest of woods. If this area, any or all of it, could be part of the nature center, it would be an asset. I realize the City of Fridley does not o'wn this area, and maybe irreversible plans are already in progress, but the area does have a definite uniqueness and appeal. � If there are plans by Coon Rapids for this area, maybe designs and plans could be made compatible with the concept of a nature center. I have seen even industrial areas planned with a flair for the natural environment. SOMETHING IS LOST: When anything new is created, something old is lost. At the present time there is evidence of old forts and hideaways. Great adventures have lived in the minds of children at North Park. Great battles, heroic endeavors, quiet thought and retreats from adult authority have all taken place. This above all else will be a sad thing to lose at North Park. I think a nature center will come closest to replacing the freedoms of before. However, even a nature center will have restrictions on the building of forts. There still will remain a place to search for a frog, dangle feet in the water, poke a stick in the mud or otherwise spend the so- called "idle hours" of childhood in the out of doors. ;� � r y ' ' ' ' t 1 ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' l__J ' ' ' page 24 HOPEFULLY THIS AREA WILL OFFER THE WHOLE COMMUNITY SOMETHING: We are not just dealing with school children at a nature center. Sometimes this illusion is created by some people, or imagined by others. A community nature center is really what it says - for the whole community. A well planned center will offer something for the drop-in family. Maybe this will be a self-guided tour with tape recorder, good displays to browse through or just neat things to see along a well designed�trail system. The senior citizen may meet there regularly to reminisce with friends, wander slowly in an area without fast moving machines being bothersome, or take a class in photography, fly tying or some other out doorish type of class. The mentally and physically handicapped are'a group who find the experiences outside not particularly accesible. A nature center can and should be very available to them. Most people react to this group with fear first, then with over protectiveness and finally with acceptance. Hopefully acceptance will be felt at North Park. I really feel there is not a group of people in a community that could not be served by a nature center. WHY A NATURALIST? A nature center cannot rely on its animal life alone as an attraction. Once at the center you may_or may not see Deer, Ducks, Foxes, Beavers or Raccoons. Very often the excitement of seeing a track, finding where it slept, where it fed, gave birth to its young, or rubbed velvet from new antlers ean be far more enjoyable than seeing the animal itself. Since most people do not recognize these types of signs, it becomes the job of a naturalist. He must r a ' page 25 be able to portray this excitement to other people. He must be ' able to share what he loves to.see and find with other people. A ' good naturalist is not satisfied in finding a new discovery until he shares it with someone else! His reward is in the sparkle of an ,' eye or smile of enjoyment found on other people's faces. Enthusiasm, CJ' �I I� ' ' � ' ' curiosity, and interest in peop7e are equally important as is his factual knowledge. The success of programs will depend upon him. If hired before North Park is started, the naturalist can be an asset in the planning and development of the nature center, trails, programs, and blinds, as well as being able to help in co-ordinating the work of the city, architects, and contractors. UNIQUE POTENTIAL AT NORTH PARK: Very often people come to an area because something attracts their attention, but this usually is not the reason they return again and again. Nature centers have done many novel things to attract the novice to a center. Such things as snowshoes, skis, films, classes, and telescope moon watches attract people who may have never been to a nature center. Often these peop�e return ' again when they find the enjoyment of the out of doors super- ' ceding the "special"event. These gimmicks are not bad if used in moderation and if they help make people aware of a new source of ' IL J ' ' enjoyment. I think North Park could be unique among nature centers if they could o�fer occasional tours on a horse drawn sleigh or wheeled car.t. Do not get me wrong - I do not believe everybody wants to be or should be hauled around all th� time, but occasionally it would be quite a treat. This type of activity is not very available in the , s � . page 26 Twin Cities and with a naturalist it could be very special. ' The elderly and very young.could get to places they may have ' difficulty walking to. They might ride for a ways then walk to a special spot then ride some more. It could even set a pioneer mood. '� I also noticed a stable to the northwest of the area. It may be possible to arrange to use their horses on.special occasions. ' Maybe some people will only come to ride in a horse drawn sleigh, � but with an enthusiastic naturalist they can enjoy and experience many new natural worlds. I am sure people would travel for miles ' and pay a small fee to give the entire family an outing. , ' � � ' � , I ' I ' I ' ( ' I ' HOW ABOUT A COMBINATION?: I was well aware when I first went to North Park that it was being considered for a golf course as well as nature center. I believe everybody agrees 123 acres is not big enough for both. But why not both? They are desirable for any aommunity. Is it possible that additional land to the south or west of North Park could be made available? I can see many advantages to having a golf course and nature center adjacent to each other. 1. They would act as a buffer to each other from unwanted noise and other intrusions. 2. Adjacent land could support additional wildlife for the nature center. � 3. A nature center could afford a golf course special vistas and relaxing areas before tee off. . 4. Use of native trees, shrubs, and grasses could make them meld together and give each a special uniqueness. 5. There could be a combination of equipment and maintenence staffs for both areas. . r � , � ' t ' � ' �I ' � page 27 6. Golf course could be used for cross count�y skiing and snow- shoeing in the winter. � 7, Club house could rent skiis and snowshoes for the public in winter for extra income. 8. An entire family may find a suitable combination of activities for an all day outing either all at one area or split between the two. 9. Since most restrictions of a nature center are similar to � those of a golf course, they could be fenced as one area. � Division of the two could be accomplished by vegetation and berms. � �10. A perimeter bicycle path would be long enough to be enjoyable. It could be the cross country ski trail in the winter, and might even be connected to other areas in the community by following the creek beds. With careful planning and lots of forethought a comnination golf course and nature center could be fantastic. It would be a Very special area to all of the Twin Cities. There are lots of possibilities and potentials, if extra land were available. However, if in fact only 123 acres are available, I personally feel an nature center would serve more people for more months of the year and for more hours of a day than a golf course. The loss of trees, ponds and animals to fairways and greens would be regretful. � NORTH PARK IN THE FUTURE: How far will people come? How often? How many hours will they spend? Will there be a need to stay open all winter? r ra � � ' � � , , l_J ' � � page 28 , The answers to these questions will amaze even the avid nature center enthusiast. They will come from all over Minnesota, the United States and even from many foreign countries. Many local people will vi�sit the center weekly, some even daily. People wi�� ! spend many hours a day at a nature center; will want to jog or bird !, watch at five am and to snowshoe by moonlight. There will literally ' be a demand for the area to be open everyday of the year. It is truly amazing. People like to find a quiet spot, see a buck's antlers in the sun or see a beaver slap the water in alarm - these are obvious treats. But other more subtle enjoyments are the mosses and lichens on a rotting log, watching beetles, sk�nks and snakes, standing in native prairie, or sitting under a hundred year old tree and wondering what things have passed by in that time. Experiences like these are hard to measure; impossible to ' measure in money, smpossible to measure for another man, but they are things we need to save for the future. People who have felt some- L ' ' , ' LJ , � thing for wild areas have trie,d to share them with others. With almost no exceptions there is some thing in the natural world for all to enjoy. Thanks to the people who want to save these areas -within their own communities for themselves and future citizens, many of these areas will survive. r 4 ' �I � ..�.,.�._J M N d' � Ln � � � � i .� � ■ � � i ai � � � _ � i � Q O (O li I� s c April 9, 1973 �EC:;�°v'T;:� i WOOQ LAKE NATURE INTERPRETiVE CENT��_._� 135 Lake Shore Drive • Richfield, Minrtesota .55423 i ' (612) 861-4507 � -�""�.` Paul Fjare Brauer & Associates 400 Sib.ley St. St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Subject: Lock Park in Frid]ey, Minnesota Dear Paul, Had a look at Lock Park last Saturday. I found it an interesting spot and a pretty f�ir examp]e of the flood plain type of habitat. The wildlife in the area reflec- ted the habitat: numerous songbirds, a and Mallards on Rice Creek, and a few spgns of smaj�Ducks mammals, such as squirrels, skunk and raccoon. of larger mammals was found, such as deer, rox or�beaver, but they possibly occasionally use the area as a travel lane. The one hundred acres as it stands reminds me of a min- iature Minnehaha Falls with the grass on the north side dro P�cnic area and mowed to the flood Pp�ng off a steep hillside plain and winding creek. The steepness of the north slope, combined with the dense vegetation (Prickley Ash) makes for The homes on the south side extend for thepmostwalking. down to the waters edge which would limit an t part nature activity in this area, y YPe of if I wanted a group of 15 students or �njoyable and exciting experience and hadPto chooseebet- veen North Park and Lock Park, I would much prefer taking :hem to North Park, which has a greater variety of wild- ife and vegetation. Lock Park in comparison soon �ecomes monotonous. (North Park will be discussed in reater detail at a later writing.) ome suggestions for Lock Park: A trail system with a elf-guide brochure and tape recorder could be developed �r the area, as is used at Minnehaha Falls. A marker �uld be set up in th� park to handle the brochures and/or � � telephone: 869-7521 612 ° . � � � Paul Fjare - � Brauer & Associates April 9, 1973 � Page 2 � to indicate where the brochures and tape recorders could be obtained (library, city hall, school, etc.). North Park naturalist(s) could be assigned to plan and develop the brochure and tape. As I was walking around the park, I ran into two canoeists on Rice.Creek. They were canoeing from Old Central Avenue to University Avenue and had done so many times before. � This type of activity could be designed for the park. On the whole, Lock Park was not unenjoyable, but it cer- tainly is not as exciting as the North Park area. The area should be maintained as a bird sanctuary and as a passive activity area on the sides and bottom of the flood plain with a more active area up in the pi�nic grounds. One suggestion would be to stop removing the dead and dying trees, this would encourage bird life as well as small mammals. I would be happy to discuss any part of this in detail with you over the phone. The slides I took will be sent to you shortly. n ince 1 , � Don Fon ick Manager Natu.ralist DF/ j n � � � I � w ��•, : . ', � � ' ' ' ' UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES . ' r Mr. Richard �ir�;er �Yood Lake Nature Center 735 L�ce ::�hore Drive Hichfield, ;.;inn. 55423 Dear l�Jir . 3irger : Department of Botany 220 Biological Sciences Center St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 (612) 373-2211 April 6, 1973 ' A Yew days ago I took an hour-long walk into the wooded, marshy area lying ti��est of �ridley, bet�A�een � �te. 1�7 and the railr oad parallelin� i,ast River �o�d, north of Rice Creek. I made the follo.��ing unsolicited ' observations that I would like to pass along: ' ' fI ' As far as I c an see the veoetaticn oP this area is � typical of that Pound in the sandy areas of .�.nol�a County, commonly knot�ln as the ��;noka �end �lain. The tall prairie grasses �re pre�ent in �bundance, s.�., Big �luestem, isittle Blueste� and Indian �rass in the v�ell-drain�d upland and Cord Grass ana i�;9anna Grass aion� tne slougns. 5everal kinds of Goldenrod and 1':ster as vaell as nuraerous ot:�er bro�d-leaved plants oP the sand plain �re aiso present. The woodlands. contain 3ur, i3orthern Pin and rdorthern Red Oaks and nost or all o� the shrubs f ound in our ar�a. There is much 1oi11and, po�rly drained terrain present with such c�ar�cteristic snrubs as Red Elderberry and wild currents and g�oseberries gro�ving in them. ' The whole area is badly neglected and misused at the present ti.�e. Lvidence of continuing unauthorized dumpin� is every�vhere. �lso, the area_.is being subjected ' to use by raotoroike enthusiasts and their trails criss- cross the area. n, � � ' ' �dith careful management and soms expenditure oP funds to clean it up this area could be restored to its natural state. It could be suitable as study area open to students or others interested in the local Plora and fauna. Sincereiy yours, erald � c�rrnbey �.. Professor of Botany � (Plant taxonomist ' P � n � '�•...� .�._�I �� ' ' . ' ' ' ' ' . _, :�i ' ' ' y '� � 7 ' ' ' �� \ �i 1 ' n 0 AN EVALL'.'�TI ON AT? ALYS I S �1 NORTH PARK and LOCKE PARK . SIIBURB of r RI DLEY Ar10KA COUIv'TY r1INI1ESOTA for BAUER & ASSOCIAT�S, I;�C. EDEi3 PRAIRiE, r:IIrP;ESOTA �y NORT-:At3 R. SmOATE CONSliLT�li�TT 8 � i r V i ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' NORT�-T PAR�: � rlorth P�rlc consists of 120 acres, more or less, all publicly-o�med land, lying at the extreme Northwest corner of the Subur�i of Fridley� 85th Avenue PJ.?�l. and Coon Ranids Porm its North boundary, nTorthern Pac�fic :�ailroad R.O.'•T. its ?7est, and i�rith Industrial Developrrent "on the South and moat of the Last. Its inter•nal T�'ast boundary lies approximately one- fourth nal.e ?�'est of Uni�ersity Avenue, Most o° the tract is relatirely fl �t to oently rolling. � '�!est One-half Belo�:� the 860 � Centour Th�is half contains the most interesting an•� diversified habitat oi the entire Idorth Par?{ acrea�;e. Rein� �t the lower end of. the draina�e p�ttern, it contai.ns consi�.erable wetland �arr.e habitat. In addit�on, its topo;ranhy creates a v ariety ofve�;etation prrticularly attractive for r�rildlife and readily adapta�le to r:ana�;ernent. : Old drainage ditches enter this section f ron� the Tiorth and East, junction and exit under the rai.lroad tracks at the extreme South�,�e.:�t corner of the area. For some time beaver have da��ur.ed this ou�let, forming a sizeable �ond. Curre:it elevations a�pe�r near the 85l�� contour. On the date oi' inspection, �nd with s�ring runaPP, it abpeared 18-20 acres Taere flooded. The actual beaver lo��e is located ne�r a flooded isl�jnd a.t the lower end of the pond. Actine cut- tin�s T.aere very much in evidence. %uaking aspen, their nrime food, and found -growiri� alon�; tl^re pond frin�;es, provides the bulk of their diet. As typical of beaver p�r� ita habitat is very at- � � _ � ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' � ' ' 1 , ' ' I�J ' ! • • tractive to other wildlife. :ahite-tailed deer, numerous fur- bearers, spring �aaterfowl and songbirds t,r ere noted. Abandaned former a�ricultural fields Are f ound along the ' ?�leat and South borders. On their sandy loam soils successional evidence to upland prairie w as found. Typical top elevations of the 2'ield knolls aApe� r to be 11 to 14' above the beaver flo?•ra�-e. Thus they �rovide n�tural observation sites. Interspersed along thepond f ringes are islands o� u�land hardwoed and pockets of shrub thickets. An extremely dense thicket of this wildlife escape cover is f'ound wrere the �• ater- course enters t�is section near th.e Northwest corner. Consid- � erable deer t�rowsing was found on most thickets, bein� particul- Pri�r�; he�vy on t�e South boundary red-osier dogwood. Ille�al trespass and the dumning o1' debris is particulariy heavy alon� the ATortr and Tlorth>sest sides. '•y'hat ��pe ars a I�iun- icipal soil stock nile is also f ound alon� the �_Jest side. P;ortheast C?u�.rter "bove the, 860+ Contour and E�st-'.°?e�t Drain. Above the 860t contour and alon� the '.�Iest side of' this �;uRrter is found a pleasin� v�.riety o1' mir,ed upland h�bit�t. Old field openinrs and sc�tter�d upland hardwoods are remin- iscent of the old nrairie. The upland soils are a sandy loam and *.•�ith mana�;ement considerable prairie oa�; savanna could be developed, Casually, over 20 species oi' tall �rass prairie were not ed. The Y:i�;h knoll located immediately South of the ma jor •access cotild�rve as an ob�ervation point. - East�aard t he �,uarter rises above the �`370 � contour. Here � n r y i � '. ' �re -�et ��reas of rr:�rsh inters�ersed �:�.th scattered upl�nd ' t:nr::-a^ods, r:o: tl;T oak. "��a.rr:� h�rd�aoods �re found al�n�; the �"'-.�t-'•'e^t �rai� ��n�' belo*�r tre 570� contour. `Phese consist ' - � �.n^�l�i of elra ar_d t,rillo?a. Soils axe rich and nroductive. 1, a j-, - 1�'.��« s~�e�ies o�' shru��s, ferns, vines a.nd dense tan�;les oP � ' 1 r��nuals, as t•�lc cucur.iher, ��ere f ound on these soils. L`nhelievable environmental d e�t:ruction h-tis t�ken place on t?�is �;uarter .�ue to u:�restricted heavy use of' trail bikes, ancl to 1r sser extent �2 �V vehicles and snoti�rmobiles. Certainly � ecolo:;ical sc?rs T�rill nersist for ;�ears and their activity ' has distil�ced ne��.r ICO; of the *rrilclife in this �,uarter. In C� �c?dition, in�?�scr:minate �' ur:pir.� b� an un�dncerr.ec? �u�,lic ras sre?�<:d numErous eyesores. � .�.,*�� ;��,�rt�r gh�.,e Q�n� COri��t1T' 9� Sovth af r�st-',7est rrain. y��l.�v T?�e ?sast t�-ro-thirds of this �uarter is mostly s*.�ramp hard- � , ' cti=ood�. �lm ��nd •�ailloTf�, �aitr s^rr:e 3�pen, ash, crerr;� and box el�?er t1-e x�rincinal s�ecies. "'?�e soil a�ain is rich and pro- �uctive ��rit!-� ?-::; sa�r,y thicliet� of shru�s, vines, ferns and clirr.b- inr• annuals as ty-;ic«1 0" the P;orthe��t G;uarter. DrainaTe is sor�e��.-?t in�errupted ?nd �eor. ' Tr,�rCit�ood isl �nds n.nd ri��es are f ound on tr e�•lest central , ti:�st o" t?�:is section. ?oor-quality '�lacls oak, s o�e h�rd hit by eak �ailt, is found on most islands. '�he intere�tin�; rerr,ains of ' �I� t ,� t.�h�t s��e^rs a centur5•-old 3e�ver dara is loc�ted on an old trail mi��,y of tre �;uarte.r. On t�.e '�'est a�d 'a':ove the `?60 � cor.tour, tre habitat is very nttractive t��i±:h � v arietv of n�tive srrub thickets. ""hese are r 6 0 ' ' , ' ' , ' '. , ' � ' '� ' ' ' ' ' ' r�lso found �round t�,e nerirr•eter of the marshes and islands. :r�t^r�p°rsed ^re �ttr�cti�r� uPl�nds, remnnnt prairie and o�Z;s or this b ack�;rour_d. Full sc�le Inc'ustrial 'nevelopm�ent is ra�idly closing t?-e Soutr �n� �.�st borders of this �,uarter. Included is arain�,�e �?itcti�in�, l�nd fill, sever and Tr�ater, streets and sto�.c .�iles o!' s�oil. � , * � ' ' � L _J C' ' ' , L� ' �J �I , � ' , ' � i .�'�.il?.':''._ 1'?i °=1;1 ?;''CC`i^Y'-(�r�rintZO:1S • I � ?`:ortr ?Ar'� is an - ttracti-�e block of •ryetland habitat set ��, in a v;�riet,-; of z7e�et�tion p�rticul-�r1;� �.ttracti��e to wildlife ;,��? ^ d�.ptable to r,:.n��Me;-��nt. P�:uch af t'r.e tract is rel� tivel� fl� t to �;ently ro12i:�g ; �,•it.h a total variance o° only 2`i �. mr.e hi�her ele vations con- ', tain a collection of tall �:rass prairie �l�n±s, ?•:ith t?^e lowest �I co:�tf?1:18C3 in zn acti��e beaver flo•�ra�;e. T!�is i� the major �ttra�- � `ion at ��^e�er�t. ', Its ver;et��tional civersity �nd �hysical shape corr:bine to , ^rovi�'e attract��rene�� and seclusien nece��ar�r ^or sor~e of I ;'innesota�s 1 �;. �;e: t rr:s_*rr.:als. Tr:is, pl�:s tre natural esthetics or th�; �?eaver nond, m�kes tre a rea p�rticularly attracti�e to ; tr:l:'.lire enthusiasts. I It woU.l� �,��e �r, •�jith i�s 120-acre lin,i±:at�on, �lus _?eneral I , � 1�:cL c� nroL ir.ent l�r_ci featur�s, t��t t��_e site :�rovides a limited , ct ;�ller��;e .�s a r� oeca r�olf co�:rse. �vrxlu�tir?�; it °urther, it �frould '' ��,�c a.r tt��t e t.rer.�itures to a�erce�-e t�ese p�'.ysical handicaps ' �:ot:ld �e '�etter ex,�e:�ded � n ^n area having forseeable e xtiansion , ::ossibilities. I' nather t��n c?estroy a rich �nd n�tural environment, it ', �tiou1�3 ;:�� r tre r:re� be�t anc? by far Ecenomically suited as � a'�ature ^en�er. "'enced f or con�rol �.nd exclus3.on, c arefully ' nl�rne� ;:1� ��:�ii: Te�i, t^e ��-rea can �ecorre a jewel, in t�,e n:etro- r.�li+;�n g ci��col ��n�' r� ^rk s,y:,terr, ^or � enerations to come. , � � '. . C� � ' , , ' ' LO C3�E PARK Lccl:e Par:- is a long narrow tract of publicly-owned • -..,. 1�:�nsT ��t'�vecn T�niv��rsit; �,venue �1.E., and Central Avcnue, ... .:nc �f �'ri�lo;�. It is :�pp.ro�r::�tcly L,950 � in len�th East +-, '•'rrt. '�'i�e �a�st one-�'ou:rth is onl� a�out I;.00� •�*ide �aith . ce::`r;r one-�.�lf r��nrcxirr�teiy 12>0 �. �ie r��st one-four th '.� i�r�'f,�tl�r in. sti��:�e, �.v-�ra��n� perhaps 700� in *.,ridth. �'i o�:�in� '�1�st, '�ice nr�e'� entcrs the tr�ct from Central :,v,:.:.a-. : c^ �� on. It e}:z �s n��r tre South�Nest bota.nd�r� of the center m�-_e stre<�rr is used as an cutlet r"or all �dj� cent � . �` ��^�. e ers. ��ue to e<.ten. _�e r�ea��'er_tnn�, ' tt�e center strear,� . � r ..• v �� - :'^�� ^_`e is in excess of. ^950� . ?ou�;rl;�, tt:e tr,tal t r�et acre- � ' ' , ' ,;-^ �^,�e.l;,e t� ±etal 1�2 �cre�, r;,c�e or less, oi �rl�ich Y'o�ut `�.7 ��ci��s is ��ratr;r o.r �ound critrin the :>stream b ed. '?ice Creek is zn �ttrac �i �re, relatively clean � tream hav- ;^p a rather fast ::;radient. It follows a tortuous course `�� I'��;r a T,rell-cle.��ined valley . ^n both si�es, steep b<<nks bluf f its cou; � e� On the c��te . oi ins:�e- ction, i lo�r ind � cated an aver�t�e '�"`=�`: o-" �;��ut r�0'. ; �l^ear.si�'e ar�d ?-�otton:Iand fore�.t s�ecies ��'�, r'^=��?;� s?.rarrp �Ar��aoods. Occa�ion�l thickets of willowand red- , �'= i� "�o;;��r.�o� bl e�:�_ tl; is rr��noty*�e. l�11 strer��. �h^racteristics :::_�?ir, te it is not a��ood wildlife stream. ' � ' ' :s^r»n�t;_on i?-i�'ir•,ted crosion and t��ank slipp;��-e a�roblem �': �c�ver�l �� .reas. 3orc; con':rol h�.s ';eerl succe�sful �aut rrore is ='-�'��'�'�'• `'�r•.�er on t�e slo.r.es, ��z�l�nd h�rdc•rooc?s �re inters�ersed �'`-t.'� •�ttrf�cti�r� shru'� t�ickets. PricY:1�� ash, currant, rrape, ^„i.'.,� ��r�::1 c�o.�-�•r�^�? �re t.r�ee.e -�rinci-��1 s�ecies. Cor.si�'c;rable o�k � < ' . � � . ' wilt is found r�mona the hardwoods. ' Ad jacent nropert�� alon�; the entire So�zth side is com- - :.:, :;,, '� �r ,,,,.� rletely develoned in private housin�;. Only a nArrow corridor senarates this ^rer- the majority of the stream. � _ -�- On tr:e NortY�, the overall corridor is considerably wider. �'.�-,'� i,;. I'ere the tract fronts t he N.'ir.nesota Transfer Railroad R.O. �l. , - -� ,-, , �, -�r -= , r . where industrial develonment is rapidly elimin�ting adjacent . _ . _ � :_ onen snace. N;inicipal buildin�s are loeated on the �Jest. A , _ . very small block of less than 3 acres open space lies undev- ,..' eloped on the ��.st. „ . '.aithin this heavil,y-used North corridor there is consid- erable par'ti-type �?eveloprr:ent. Included are tables, �rills, play- �,, . , - ., -, - �round equipment, shelters, p�r�rinr� lots and a dedicated shelter- '" r. , concession sponsored by the Locke famil,y. '�dithin this manieured �: : . ' s�rea tree species indic�te an attractive pr�irie b acls�round. To- ,- day, v,otaever, only a few remn�nt pr. airie plants e xist with most !.' �`. on t he small block of priv�te land on the East. - r;. ^�,•, - � - Since the tr�^ct is somei�rhat an isolated island under heavy :' � . • • use, it is qvite barren of wildlife. Evidence indicated only a _ •� � :,,�:; _ small population of �ear-round nztive species. However, numerous - � -� . ,.:, - �..., bird species would be e x�ected to use the area, plus use by '�-� •.=�_:- � certain migrants. � T�10 question but what the valley and�tream must __ � :, � ; s � �; s,ttract mi�;ratin� �n� arblers and bird �atchers undoubtedly utilize ��y: ",� >-:-�: . the area quite heavily in the sp ring. � -� - ij- � _ . �. .. , : 1 r 6 � � ' � � . , � '�. ' I_ ' � , ' ' ' ' , � 0 Surr,marv snc3 �ecommendations The r�ajor�ttraction of Locke Park is Rice Creek, a rather ^lean and a ttractive s tream, which mleanders trrough a flood ��l�,in within a w ell-defined valley. Overall the strearr. is not too productive of wildlife. This is due to its grac�ient, suh jected use, and restricted and somewhat mature and monotype surroundings. The °ark has an overall land acreame of' only �bout 100 acres. ".'hus it is critically limi�ed as a golf course, and from its n�rro�a shape restricted in diversity an� depth as a nature center. It would thus appe:�r the land is presently subje�ted to its hi�;hest s�nd best use as part of the Comrr_unity paT1C system. To realize its full potential, present heavy use should be adjusted to staY�ilize and protect the slopes and banks, man- icured and develo�ed •ahere necessar,y, at the sarne tirr:e retain as much natural beauty and remnant wildlife habitat as possible. . < � i . • � � Minnesota Public Interest Researc6 Group 30:i6 University Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414 (612) 376-7554 June 20, 1973 Mayor Frank Liebl Fridley City Hall 6431 University Ave. NE Fridiey, MN 55432 0 Oear Mayor Liebl: Enclosed is a report written by MPIRG in response to the Brauer and Associates study of North Park. We hope our point of view will be given due consideration in your deliberations over �he best use of the North Park site. 600d luck in your decision-making. Cordially, � ��c.r�-�-�-� Dennis Asmussen Research Staff OA/ kc Encl. ti ��i-�t� � �--e�� n , Bemidji State College � Carkton Callcge � College of St. Benedict � College of St. Catherine � Concordia College—Moorhead � Concordia College—St. Paul � Hamline University � Macalester College � Mankato State College � Metropolitan State Junior College � Moorhead State College � St. Cluud State College � St. Olaf College • Scwthwest Minnesota State College � University of Minnesota—Duluth � University of Minnesota—Minneapolis � University of Minnesota—Morris • Univer�ity of Minnesota—St. Paul � I I �III • ' m � Minnesota Public Interest Research Group � 3036 University Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414 (612) 376-7554 0 MPIRG REPORT LAND USE IN FRIDLEY: The Politics of Birdies , June 20, 1973 Bemidji State College � Carleton Cottege � College of St. Benedict � College of St. Catherine +Concordia CoUege—Moorhead � Concordia College—St. Paul � Hamline University � Macalester College � Mankato State College � Metropolitan State Junior College � Moorhead State College � St. Cloud State College � St. Olaf Coliege • Scwthwest Minnesota State College � University of Minnesota—Duluth � University of Minnsota—Minneapolis � University of Minnesota—Morris � University of Minnesota—St. Paul '. . . ' r ' ' ' ' ' ' ' , � � '� ' ' . ' ' ' i � a This report was written by Dr. Dennis Asmussen of the MPIRG research staff. Invaluable assistance to the researching and writing of the study was provided by Lee Ann Sporre, Jan Seeger and Roger Kay of Fridley and by Don Fondrick (Wood Lake Nature Center Naturalist/P•1anager). On the MPIRG staff, grateful thanks is extended to Tom Newbery and Bud Philbrook. a '. ' ' i � ' ' � ' ' � ' �` ' ' ' ' i I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I. A SNORT HI$TORY OF THE NORTH PARK DEBATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II.. DEt��OGRAPHIC IPJFORMATION IN THE BRAUER STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 III. ANALYSIS OF GOLF COURSE DEMAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' 7 ` IV. ANALYSIS OF NATURE CEPJTER DEP�1A�dD . . . . . . . ... . . , . . . . . .10 V. PHYSICAL SITE AP�ALYSIS OF PlORTH PARK AND LOCKE PARK ........15 VI. COST ESTIMATES AND FIf�APdCIAL COt�SIQERATIOPdS . . . . . . . . . . . .19 VII. CONCLUSIO�dS AND RECOM��ENDATIONS OF THIS REPORT . . . . . . . . . . .24 u s '. . � ' , i ' ' ' ' ' , , � '.. ' , � �; i d , i 1 INTRODUCTION "Golf courses can be made from cultivated fields, parking lots, demolished building sites or any area no matter how much disturbed it has been--natural areas once destroyed cannot be retrieved. They are gone forever! On the other hand, in the future a natural area can alvrays be made into a golf course if future needs appear to make this desireable. Can you point to any situation where people have regretted the establishment of parks in areas where expanding urban developments are gobbling up the countryside?" (BRECKE�dRIDGE, 1973). The city of Fridley, Minnesota is currently the center of a controversy that illustrates the current dilemma of all urbanizing communities: the diffi- culty of preserving natural open space against more mone�tarily lucrative uses. In Fridley's case a debate rages over the best use of a recently acquired 120-acre undeveloped area, rich in wildlife and vegetative diversity, but coveted for golf course development by some. In an apparent effort to solidify support for golf course development, mem- bers of the Fridley City Administration and others, commissioned the firm of Brauer and Associates to do a"feasibility study" on the best use of North Park, the parcel in question. The study, North Park Feasibility Study (BRAUER, 1973), completed near the end of May, 1973, concludes that: "Golf should have first priority on the use of the North Park site...." {BRAUER, 1973, p. 4). This MPIRG report is a response to that conclusion. a I. -A SHORT HISTORY OF THE NORTH PARK DEBATE Some members of the Fridley City Council had already determined, by Aug- ust, 1971, that a golf course should b2 developed at North Park. This fact is documented in the city's form for application for Federal Land and Water Conservation funds at that date, a document which includes a proposal for a golf course (STATE PLAP�NING AGENCY, 1971). ,. . � ' � ' ' � ' ' � ' II u , ' ' , -2- Other community interests and organizations, including the Fridley League of Women Voters, the Fridley DFL club, the public school districts, and a large segment of the unorganized public, have been urging that �lorth Park be retained in its informal present use as an area for the enjoyment and study of natural phenomena. These supporters feel that any change in the status of North Park should enhance that present use through the planning and development of a nature center, staffed by naturalists and available for use by all of the public. With the release of the Brauer study, supporters of a nature center at North Park were outraged. Instead of an objective app.raisal of the t�vo alter- native possibilities for development of North Park, the Brauer study appeared to be a deceptive, biased and unscientific rationale for a North Park golf course. Ir� these days of the high cost of expertise, it is unfortunate that the Fridley City Council allocated sorne $11,000.00 to find out what almost everyone already knew: a few influential members of the community ��anted a golf course at P�orth Park. Sometime before the issuance of the Brauer study a citizens Ad Hoc Com- mittee on P�orth Park was appointed (see sequence of events below) to make a recommendation to the council on the decision it should make regarding Worth Park's future. The committee was also charged with cooperating in the pro- duction of the Brauer study and revie�ring the document before giving a recom- mendation. Some members of the Ad Hoc Committee, corcerned that the Brauer study would clinch the arguments of the North Park golf course proponents, con- tacted the P�innesota Public Interest Research Group. MPIRG was asked to re- view the study and make its own recommendations. The research group accepted �' the invitation in the spirit that the use of undefiled open space is everyone's i concern and a matter of the public interest. 4Jhat Fridley finally determines ;i 1 . ', a ' , , ' ' ' ' . � � ' ; � 1 A' � � '� ' � , , i ; ' � � -3- to do with North Park is of consequence to the public of the entire state, but particularly residents of the metropolitan region where opportunities to confront a natural landscape are becoming ever rarer, and where urban activities ('and we would class golf as such) are ever more available. The purpose of the following is to evaluate the data, conclusions and recommenda- ' tions of the Brauer study, since it is the central support of those advo- ' cating golf course development at tJorth Park. A short sequence of events ' leading up to the present is reproduced belo�y. Following that is a section ^. by--section critique of the Brauer study, and finally tr�is report's recommenda- tions and conclusions. Sequence of Events in the Pdorth Park Debate 31 August, 1971: Fridley grant application made to the Land and tJater Conservation F�nd l',gency. Grant requzst subsequentiy honored by the F�deral agency and the 120-acre North Park site became city land for use as a recre- ational site. Grant application initially included a golf course plan. Interim: City of Fridley divided over the best use of the �lorth Park site. Many civic organizations and other segments of the public plus members of the public school districts support a nature center as the best use of the site. Other community members and some of the city's administrative staff support golf course development on the site. A list of nature center support, marshalled in the interim period, follows: A Partial List of Proponents of ,Nature Center at i�orth Park 1. Anoka-Hennepin School District 11 (BRADLEY, 1973). 2. League of Women Voters, Fridley. 3. Spring Lake Park School District #15. 4. Norman Stone, consultant {STONE, p. 5). 5. Anoka County Soil and Water Conservation Dist. (APdOKA, p. 1). 6. Donald Fondrick, Woodlake Nature Center Naturalis� Manager (FONDRICK, p. 20). 7. W.J. Breckenridge, Director Emeritus, Bell Museum, University of t4innesota (BRECKEidRIDGE, letter). '` ' , ' � -4- , • 8. Fridley DFL Club (CALDWELL, letter). � 9. Hennepin County Park Reserve District (SUiJDE, letter). 10. Minneapolis Audubon Society (MELONE, 1973). 11. Fridley Residents for Action. 12. Nature Center Boosters. 13. Sierra Club, North Star Chapter. ' 14. Local legislative representatives. , �J � u '' ' '� , � � , 4 December, 1972: 1300 signatures of citizen supporters of a nature center at North Park presented to City Council. 18 December, 1972: City Council asked to delay PJorth Park decision until June 1, 1973. Ad Hoc committee equally composed of pro-nature center and pro-golf course members called for. 16 January, 1973: Date of first Brauer and Associates contract with Fridley for Pdorth Park feasibility study.' This contract tivas superceded by a second contract (below) which somewhat reduced the cost of engaging the consultant. 22 January, 1973: First public notice of the city council's intention to retain 6rauer and Associates for feasibility study of 1Jorth Park (FRIDLEY SUN, 4Jednesday, January 24, 1973). 31 January, 1973: First meeting of the 10 member Ad Hoc Committee on North Park.. � 8 February, 1973: Apparent consumation of Brauer Associates contract with city of Fridley (�ve could obtain no signed copy of the contract). Interim: Meetings of Ad Hoc Committee with Don Brauer of Brauer and Associates, tours of North Park, bird census reports from community interests, and etc. ' , 7 June, 1973: Informal arrival of Brauer and Associates study on Plorth Park. � � � , ' ' � 6 June, 1973: The Minnesota Public Interest Research Group's Executive Council ok's the groups involvement with the Fridley Nature Center controversy. 12 June, 1973: Ad Hoc Committee formally accepts the Brauer study. ;. �. . .' � � ' , � -5- II. OEh10GRAPHIC INFORMATION IN THE BRAUER STUDY A list of the demographic, or population, characteristics of any given population would be a. very long one indeed. Fridley's population might be described in terms of its size, age breakdown, age-group income breakdown, housing preference, race, religious affiliations, employment statistic5, shared values, and so on. The important criteria, however, for what is in- cluded and what is not is arhat such demographic data can tell one about the probable behavior of a population with regard to some specific question. In the case at hand the question is: Given the population characteristics of Fridley, which use of North Park, golf or nature-interpretive center, would � most likely serve the greaiest number of people in the best �aay? In other u ' k ' � r � � � words, demographic data should aid us in predicting a best course of action. Unfortunately, the demographic statistics included in the Brauer study do not allow us to predict the best course of action to follo�v with regard . to the use of the fdorth Park site. tde are informed (on pages 6-10) about the general characteristics of the population of Fridley and surrounding communi- ties. But all we may conclude from Brauer's demographic summary is that Fridley's population does not differ greatly in income, housing preferences and family size from the Apopulations of neighboring communities. Fridley does, however, differ along such dimensions as�rate of growth )higher than communities which are "filled up" with housing) and percent of population below the age of 35 (a greater percent in Fridley are below 35 than ►nost of the rest of the metropolitan region). So what? These facts really do not help the citizen decide what the best use of North Park might be. � A look at the Brauer study's summary of demographic data may help us. On page 10 we are informed that: � , � , ' � � L �� , ' � -6- 1. "The market area will experience tremendous growth�in the next two decades.° 2. "An aging population with increased leisure time suggests strong need for recreational facilities." 3. "The market area population can be characterized as young middle- income families who can support fee-based areas and facilities." and, " 4. "A majority of the people own their homes, indicating a stable as opposed to a 'suitcase' community." Again, so what? 4!e might point out as an aside the inconsistency of statement #4 above and a statement on page 9 just before it which reads: "With a decrease in available open land for development, and the general trend to�,rard multiple dtivelling construction, the ratio (of o��rned to rented housing) will soon begin to change and will likely come to be nearly even." (BRAUER, 1973, p. 9). Are we to conclude that Fridley may become, at least half of it, a suitcase community (whatever that means)? But back ta the main point: what do the four statements above tell us � about the best us� of P�orth Park? Nothing. All we know is that Fridley's ' population is gro�ving, rather young (but aging), mod�rately well-heeled, and comprised largely of homeowners (at least for the present). , What sort of demographic data ��ould help us to choose the best use of � North Park? One kind might be data that`indicates what the people of Fridley say they want done with North Park. In other v�ords, the citizens of Fridley � could have been asked through questionnaire or interview survey what future they desired for North Park. But what can you expect for $11,000. in these � � , , days of inflation? As a matter of fact, an informal sort of survey of prefer- ences for North Park was conducted by the League of 6�Jomen Voters. In December, 1972, the names of 1300 Fridley residents supporting a nature center were � -7- . �. , � presented in petition form to the city council--a small sample, but better � than nothing. , There are other indirect ways of using demographic statistics to help choose a course of action with respect to North Park. The United States � , '� �J � ' � � ' ' �� ' � government's Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission has assembled statistics on the kinds of recreation activities Americans pursue and cor- related these with a number of socio-economic variables such as age, sex, in- come, race, region, and so on. Frnm these one may predict with some accuracy the recreation preferences of a given population. In general, we know from studies like these that the vast majority of the nation's (and by inference Fridley's) population engages in activities like picnicing, automobile sight- seeing, and nature study ��rhile a very much smaller part of the population is attracted by such activiiies as golf or saiiboa�ing. (ORR�C, 19b2, no. 22). In other words, it is more likely that a majority of Fridley's citizens would t�ke advantage of a nat�re-interpretive center than a golf �ourse at P�orth Park. Why did the Brauer study fail to use information like the above? Why did Brauer and Associates not take a survey sample of the citizens of Fridley asking them what they wanted? We can only speculate. III. ANALYSIS OF GOLF COURSE DEMAP�D s The dictionary defines "demand" as: "the desire to purchase and possess, coupled with the power of purchasing." Translated for our purpose, an analysis of demand should indicate how many people would be willin to pay for golf in Fridley along with�•how many people can afford to pay for golf in Fridley. Does the Brauer report supply us with information about golf demand? Partly. We can generally say that incomes are high enough among Fridley residents that they can afford to play golf (BRAUER, 1973, p. 7). But what about the number n �� ` . ' ' � ' , � � � � � � � of people willing to pay for golf? The Brauer study's summary of demand for golf does not help answer the question. The following golf demand sum- mary statements (followed by comment) appear on page 2 of the study: 1. "The population to golf course ratio in the market area is 83,926/course, compared with 51,800/course in the metro area, and 35,000/course in the southwestern part of the metro area." COMMENT: Apparently there are fewer golf courses per capita in the Fridley area than in the rest of the metropolitan region. That can either mean that Fridley-area people do not like golf and therefore have not constructed � courseS, or it can mean that there is a genuine lack and need for golf courses. But the statement alone does not supply the answer. Again, Brauer and Associ- ates might have asked the people of Fridley how many of them would be willing to financially support golf at North Park. 2. "There is a distinct golf course void in the northeast quadrant of the metropolitan (and Fridley) market area." COMh1EPJT: There is also a rather distinct void of people in that quadrant and therefore a void of golfers. Brauer and Associates might have supplied us with information on �vhere people live. But even so this statement does not tell us how many people would be willing to pay for golf at a golf course at the North Park site. r3. "Statements,3, 4 and 5, respectively, tell us that Brooklyn Park has.tentatively selected a golf course site (that proposal, �ras, incidentally, voted do��rn); Coon Rapids has a nine-hole executive ' nine under construction; and that Columbia golf course is being refurbished." � � � ' � COMMENT: These are interesting facts, but again do not tell us how many peo- ple would be willing to pay for golf were a golf course constructed at Plorth Park. If anything, the statements tell us that tfiere are other opportunities nearby for those who want to play golf. 6. "The Fridley High School Golf Team utilizes the Daytona public golf course which is outside the study area." 0 - '� . � � � � ' � ' ' � ' � ' ' 1 � , � , -9- CO1��Et�T: Possible explanations are: the Fridley golf team prefers the course to others nearby, the team gets a financial break by playing Daytona, or that Daytona is the only available golf course for high school team play in the area.' As it turns out a financial break probably attracts the Frid- ley team. Fees.a.t Daytona on weekdays for students run $1.30 for a whole day of play, considerably loc�er than other alternatives (Columbia, for in- sta�ce, charges $2.10 for students and then only for limited times). Beyond that, we might ask how much demand for golf the high school team represents. One informal count of team memb�rs was 11. That is not a very considerable part of the population of Frid7ey. Other summary statements �hich the Brauer study relates to golf demand appear on p. 21 and 22 of the wark. To avoid repetition these are para- phrased below: 1. The Gross, Wirth, and Coon Rapids courses are playing at capacity or are overplayed. COMhiENT: These courses are apparently doing gaod business. Such statements do not tell us about Fridley golf demand, however. 2. No additional PUBLIC �Brauer's capitalization) courses are under construction within the first tiers of neighboring municipalities. COMMENT: Neighboring��communities apparently do not want to build public golf courses. This statement does not tell us anything about demand. 3. Fridley residents travel to courses ranging from Daytona to Forest Lake and south�vard into the Minneapolis area. COMMENT: There are any number of reasons other than the lack of nearby golf opportunities that might expiain this fact. Some golfers have favorite courses where friends usually play, others may belong to private courses quite far from their homes. In any case, the statement does not by itself indicate demand. � ' t ' ' ' r, II u � �' ,�� 1 � J � �I � ' � � ' ' , , � -�0- In general, then, the golf demand section of the Brauer study centers on � two issues: 1. the wider benefits of golf to the community, and 2. the number of golf courses nearby and within a Fridley market area of 10 miles. Among the golf benefits listed (pgs. 11 and 12) are open space, general rec- reation, social functions, community image, year-round use, increased proper- ty values, golf instruction for schools, activities for senior citizens, and revenue generated. While we do not quibble with whether a golf course can or cannot benefit the community in those ways, the benefits themselves do not prove demand. In addition, almost any recreational facility can pro- vide those benefits whether it be a nature center, swimming pool, municipal hockey rink, picnic area or whatever. As to the second point there are by this writer's count (Brauer's regional golf course map, no page number) five private courses, six 18-hole public facilities, and seven 9-hole public courses. It`s not clear what the existence of other golf courses proves, but it does not indicate demand. IV. AP�ALYSIS OF fJATURE CENTER �DEMAND One of the clearest instances of intentional obfuscation on the part of the Brauer and Associates study occurs in the study's section on nature center demand. As in,the section on golf course demand, the study uses num- ber of existing facilities as a measure of demand. As we hope has been made clear, neither the number of golf courses nor the number of nature centers around Fridley speaks to the question of demand for either kind of facility at North Park. The obfuscation comes when the Brauer study switches terms and definitions on the reader in mid-stream. At the beginning of the study (pg. 1 for instance) the term "nature interpretive center" is introduced as one of the two possible uses of the tJorth Park site, the other of course �. . . ' ' ' ' 1 -11- � being golf. However, by the time the reader has reached pg. 23, the section on nature center demand, the term has been enlarged to "nature interpretive center or (my underlining) environmental area" conrwting "a site which offers varied plant'and wildlife systems and is preserved,�managed and maintained for the purposes of interpretation, education and recreation." Notice Brauer uses the word "site" not "center" in his definition. The apparent intention is to make the category of nature center or environmental area so broad that it will appear there are a great number of such opportunities nearby or in Fridley, and that the demand, therefore, is not of significance. � But we are talking about nature centers, the most commonl used model of y 1 ' � which has been the Richfield Wood Lake Nature Center comprised of a natural- ist staff, buildings, trails, wildlife, and site amelioration. It is clear that those supporting a nature center at the North Park site envisioned a complex much like Wood Lake and not just an undeveloped open space area. � in any case, the Brauer study mixes apples and bananas by terming open space areas "nature interpretive centers or environmental areas." That is ' ' � � I L� C ' an example of either bad scholarship or intentional deception. The enlarge- ment of the category allows the study to list 60 environmental education areas (never defined) `in the seven county metropolitan region and nine "inter- pretive areas" within a ten mile radius of Fridley (pgs. 25 and 27 respectively). The nine are listed below, each followed by appropriate comment: 1. Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden--P4inneapolis COMMENT: A lovely but small site containing trails which guide the walker to both prarie and woodland vegetation species. Although an excellent urban preserve, it could clearly not serve Fridley as a nature center for reasons of distance, size and limitations of facility. It is in fact not a nature cen- � � ter in the Woodlake Center sense of the term.. ' ,• ► ' ' � ' � �J ' � � � , � ' ' ' i � � 2. St. Paul Como Zoo and Conservatory--St. Paul � COMMENT: This is a zoo, not a nature center. 3. Lake Josephine COh1MENT: By;the Brauer study's own admission (pg. 30) this small site (45 acres) lacks the diversity of habitat important to a complete nature center. It contains only water habitats to any extent. Lacking are a stream, woodlands, savannah, brush and any significant populations of wild- 1ife. 4. Anoke-Ramsey State Junior College Natural Area COMMEtJT: This site is nearby, but is quite small (27 acres) and is not a nature center, but merely an undeveloped open space with some variety of vegetation and topography. 5. Moore Lake COMMENT: A water habitat area with limited or no opportunity for examina- tion of terrestrial biological systems. Although used by science programs in Fridley, this is clearly not a naiure center, but merely a lake. • 6. Locke Park_ COMP4ENT: A large municipal park, not a nature center. Aside from the fact that this site lacks the diversity to be a complete nature center exhibit- ing a wide range of habitats, the removal of the site from the municipal park system in order to develop it as a nature center would deprive Fridley citizens of its present excellent use for picnicing, archery, and playground activity. .7. Bunker Prairie COMt�IENT: A huge site just on the edge of the ten-mile radius market area of Fridley, Bunker Prairie's 1800 acres are presently used for camping, horse- back riding, picnicing, and archery. This is a sand prairie habitat, somewhat '� . ' L�I ' ' LJ ' . lacking in bio-physical diversity, and clearly not a nature-center, but a large open space site with some recreational facilities. 8. Camp Lockeslea COM�'�IENT: A 19-acre girl scout camp. � 9. Schmidt Park - COMP4ENT: A Ramsey County park of only 40 acres and limited value for � nature study. It consists largely of marsh and beach with a limited upland wooded section. Ramsey County people use it for picnicking, baseball, boat launching, and so on. It is doubtful that Ramsey County would allow Fridley to put a nature center there. The nine sites just reviewed are all inappropriate substitutes for a ' Wood Lake type nature center: in fact none of them are nature centers, a ' point obscured by the use in the Brauer study of terms like "environmental education area" or "interpretive area." Some of them are visited by biology ' classes or interested general public, but none of them provide the guidance of locus of information that a nature center does. Used as measures of , � I__J , C demand as they have•been in the Brauer report, they tell us no more about the willingness of Fridley citizens to pay for or attend a nature center in Fridley at North Park than the equally confusing lists of golf courses in the previous section. � . There is -little value in listing other open space areas appearing in the pages of the Brauer Associates study (pgs. 30-32), except to note that all of them can be d.iscounted immediately for being either: 1. too distant from Fridley for convenient use by a majority of the population; or � 2. the property of other governmental units and organizations which are un- likely to welcome intensive use by the citizens of other governmental units. ' (The best example here is the Hennepin County Park Reserve District system, ' , � now overburdened with requests and visits f rom the public and the metro area schools.) Or, 1. '. ' � ' l_ J ' ' ' ' , ' -14- 3. too limited in habitat availability to provide the range of experiences appropriate for a nature center facility. We might add to our comments on the Brauer study's section on Nature Center Demand by briefly discussing,the summary statements (pg. 31). The ten summary statements of Nature Center Demand can be capsulized into two generalized statements. First, Brauer contends that there are many existing areas within the metropolitan area suitable for use as nature interpretive areas. As noted above the trick'is to define nature center as any open space recreation site. Whatever the study authors' purposes in listing over 25 such sites, their existence says nothing about actual demand for a nature interpretive center in Fridley. Even in the loosest sense of the word "demand", when it is extended to mean "need", we fai] to see that Fridley's needs in this regard are in any way diminished by the existence of these other metro- area parks and open space areas. The second composite summary statement from the study notes that the ' Fridley public school science programs that include an outdoor laboratory component, utilize adjacent open space areas or their own school sites for � ' u L�� 1 nature study opportunities and do not require a nature center at North Park. We would argue that the statement instead provokes one to think that this very poor state of affairs involving the use of inadequate outdoor study facil- ities is the best argument for building a North Park nature center.� For in spite of Brauer's statements to the contrary (pg. 31, 8th statement), nearly all the school districts have existing programs which require or would be greatly enhanced by a complete quality outdoor nature center facility. Finally, we might briefly discuss again the Brauer study's extended meaning of the word "demand." If we take the term to mean "need," it seems clear that the need for a nature center at �Jorth Park exists in a number of '. . CI ' � � ' ' ' �� ' ' � I� � � � � 1 -15- sub-groups of Fridley's population. A need for a nature center exists for r the public schools, for pre-school children, for retired persons, for housewives and other working people, and for anyone else for whom the sight of an innocent wild thing is the spark that makes a day worthwhile. Y. PHYSICAL SITE ANALYSIS OF �dORTH PARK AiVD LOCKE PARK A. General Discussion of Stud Sections: North Park and Alternatives 0 In these two sections the authors of the Brauer and Associates study � ' purport to subject the North Park site and other site alternatives for golf and nature center use to a critical and objective examination. This includes the use of two outside consultants for bio-physical evaluation plus the manipulation of golf course and nature center "criteria" in a"Rube Goldberg" matrix which makes no sense to this reader at all. The matrix and exhaustive lists of arbitrary criteria cover over 14 pages of text and in the end seem to have little bearing on the summary and recommendation statements with which the authors close the sections. For that reason the reader is invited to plow through those pages alone. We consider it sufficient to discuss the surr�nary statements and recommendations of the study, a comparison of the un- cut versions of the two contracted consultants, and other written testimony r of interested-outside experts. It should be noted at the outset that the Brauer and Associates study recommends that "Golf should have first priority on the use of the North Park Site..." (BRAUER, 1973, p. 4), in spite of the fact that every credible physical-biological site evaluator argues otherwise, as the following discussion will demonstrate. � . . ' � ' ' ' � ' -16- B. The Consultants' Reports Brauer and Associates solicited the aid of Norman Stone, manager, Crex Meadows Wildlife Area (Grantsburg, Wisc.) this spring. Stone was asked to prepare an "Evaluation Analysis of North Park and Locke Park" in terms of the two sites` suitability for either golf or nature center develop- ment. The report vrhich Stone submitted to Brauer and Associates, Inc. is a thorough but concise eight page document which comes out squarely for a nature center at North Park, and continuation of present use at Locke Park as the following comparison of statements f rom Stone's ��n-cut report with the abbreviated Brauer study version will show: Stone's Report on P�orth Park: The Brauer Version of Stone's Summary and Recommeridations. ' "North Park is an attractive block of 4�etland habitat set in a variety of vegetation particularly attractive to wildlife and adaptable to management." and, ' � "Its vegetation diversity and physical shape combine to provide seclu- sion, creating an area particularly attractive to wildlife enthusiasts." Stone's Uncut Report On PJorth Park: Summary and Recommendation Statements omitted in the Brauer Version. ' "It would appear, with its 120 acre limitation, plus general lack of prominent land features, that the site provides a limited challenge as a good golf course. Evaluating it further, it would appear that � expenditures to overcome these physical handicaps would be better expended in an a.rea having foreseeable expansion possibilities." (p. 5) ' i � i i ' "Rather than destroy a rich and natural environment, it would appear (that) the area (is) best and by far economically suited as a tJature Center. Fenced for control and exclusion, carefully planned and man- aged, the area can become a je�vel, in the metropolitan school and park system for generations to come." Why did the Brauer and Associates Report omit Norman Stone's clear and unequivocal recommendation that North Park be dedicated to use as a nature center? This is especially puzzeling in light of the fact that Don Fondrick of the Wood Lake Nature Center, Richfield, Minnesota, the second consultant, also highly recommends a nature center at North Park. In the edited Brauer '. . ' , ' version of Frondrick's report the only recommendations which appear relate to specific management suggestions for improving the stream course, oak savannah, grassland, and waterfowl habitat of North.Park (BRAUER, 1973, pp. 36-37). �Omitted from the Br�uer study are such statements of Fondrick's about North Park as: , "In summation, the quality and diversity of wildlife in North Park is exceptional and some management of the area could make it even better." (FONDRICK, 1973, p. 19) ' � � ' , ' � ' � LJ � 1' � "North Park's size and shape will allow a very fine nature center to exist." (F0�•�DRICK, 1973, p. 20) "When anything new is created, something old is lo��:. At the present time there is evidence of old forts and hidea�vays. Great adventures have lived in the minds of children at North Park. Great battles, heroic endeavors, quiet thought and retreats from adult authority have all taken place. This above all else will be a sad thing to lose at North Park. I think a nature center will come closest to replacing the freedom of before." (FONDRICK, 1973, p. 24) Space will not allow anything like a complete account of Don Fondrick's report on North Park. It is not only a recommendation that North Park be used as a nature center rather than a golf course, f�t the body of the.report is an operational �an for the nature center's development. Fridley would be wise to utilize it as such. Stone's and Fondrick's Reports on Locke Park , Locke Park was also evaivated by the two consultants. As mentioned above, Stone recommends that Lacke Park be maintained in its present use as a general recreation area (STONE, 1973, p. 8). Fondrick's evaluation of Locke Park is found in a letter to Paul Fjare of Brauer and Associates, dated April 9, 1973. One excerpt from the letter demonstrates Fondrick's posi- tion on Locke Park as compared to North Park as a nature center: '. . . ' ' � ' � , � ' , , ' CJ ' ' � � ' ' -18- "On the whole, Locke Park 4ras not unenjoyable, but it certainly is not as exci�ing as the North Park Area. The area should be maintained as a bird sanctuary and as a passive activity are on the sides and bottom of the flood plain with a more active area up in the picnic grounds." (FONDRICK, 1973, p. 3) In short summation, the two consultants' reports both clearly call for the development of a nature center at North Park. The Brauer �nd Aecnri_ ates study does not indicate this, a fact attributable only to carelessness or intent to deceive. Locke Park, feel both consultants, should be either left as it is or moderately developed for use as a bird sanctuary. C. _ Reports and Opinions of Other Experts With Re ard to North Park ' There are at least three other partial evaluations of the North Park site that were available to the Brauer team but not used. Two of these are bird census reports compiled by an Anoka-Hennepin Independent School District team which included Lyle Bradley, Science Chairman of the district, and Walter Breckenridge, Curator-Emeritus of the University of Minnesota's Bell Museum of Natural History. On the first census trip April 29, 1973, that team recorded sightings of 334 individual birds, representing 33 species. The second census trip by the team on May 13, 1973, turned up 579 individuals and 68 species. This much greater count is explained by the fact that the second census was taken after significant in-migration of birds to North Park s from other regions. Whichever count one uses, it is clear that North Park is an exceptionally well inhabited sanctuary for bird life as well as for mamr�als both large and small, and a great variety of other wetland and upland animal species (FOPdDRICK, 1973, pp. 13-14; STONE, 1973, pp. 2-4) One other evaluation done by the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture for Paul Brown of Fridley's Recreation Department evaluated the soil and water recharge qualities of the North Park site. A few points from that report are pertinent here: '. . s ' ' 1 ' -19- "Some ecological differences between a nature center and a golf course: 1) Soil water recharqe--It would appear that a nature center would continue this in a most natural way. A golf course would require some land forming and probably �rould have to fill some of the wetland areas to provide enough room for 18 fairt,rays. 2) Surface water runoff--It tivould also appear that a nature center would retain more of:the surface runoff than a golf course because of the nature of the natural vegetation versus groomed grasses and more tree cover versus opened.areas for fairways.° (APJOKA, 1972, p. 1) Somewhat amusing is a short statement at the end of the Soil Conserva- tion Services' report: ' "It would appear that a regional study would be wise as well as perhaps a random questionnaire-type of poll, or sampling to determine citi- zen desires." Amen. � ' ' � ' Thus, all the physical site evaluations, whether contracted or unsoli- cited, recommend, on the basis of North Park's unique bio-physical character, that it be developed as a nature center and not a golf course. All except the Brauer and Associates study, that is. D. Site Anal sis of Anoka County Airport. , The Brauer study considers one.other site for golf course suitability. The Anoka County airport is a 1900-acre area, parts of which could be develop- , ed for golf. We have no argument about this possibility and agree with the C ' � , ' � + 1 Brauer study that Fridley should "seek immediate approval of use from Blaine (political) and the Metropolitan Airports Commission (location), area, shape, access, timetable, etc." and "master plan the site." (BRAUER, 1973, p. 74). VI. COST ESTIf�ATES A��D FIf�JANCIAL COfdSIDERATIOPdS A. General Discussion "Both the golf course and the nature center proposals are modest pro- jects for a city «ith the population and tax base of Fridley. With the golf course, the Council has the authority to proceed ►iithout an election, and reasonable projections sho��r the enterprise to be self- supporting without affecting the property taxes of the city. The �. , ' L� � ' ' � � � � � , � I , li I , I � I ' ' -zo- nature center r�rould require an election to approve bonds and would , in effect be supported by property taxes, both for debt service and operating expenses." (SWANSOf�, 1973, p. 8), ' The above is taken from a report by Ehlers and Associates, Inc. to the Fridley city council in response to that body's inquiry about the costs and funding mechanisms required for both golf courses and nature centers. �It is at best a cursory and incomplete outline of the funding possibilities, especially with regard to nature centers. Alan Mahl of the Natural Sciences for Youth Foundation, claims that the experience of his foundation, which � exists to help c�mmunities fund, plan and develop nature centers, has been that many community nature centers depend for only one-third of operating and development costs upon a property tax base. The r lance is available to nature centers through private donations and foundation support. Such a funding arrangement is best secured by community formation of a private non- profit corporation to construct and run the center (h1AHL, 1973). Donors find it more tax-advantageous to donate money to a nature center corporation than to a municipal�t,y's parks department, for instance. The point is that there are many funding avenues to be explored by Fridley before it is claimed that nature centers are_too expensive or do not generate revenue. Neither the Brauer nor Ehlers studies make any attempt to locate these funding alterna- . tives. . A local expert, Don Fondrick of the 4loodlake nature center adds to this view. As a look at his list of alternate sources of support will demonstrate the community at large provides large and unexpected sources of expertise, hardware (telescopes, animal pens and so forth), time, and surprisingly, money. Wood Lake has received monetary gifts from community donors in the thousands of dollars in the last year. A nature center at North Park could be expected to initiate the same kind of enthusiastic support. These sources are '. � ' � �' II � LJ � ' ' � � a -21- understandably omitted from the Ehlers financial report quoted above, but they should not be ignored. The entire contents of Fondrick'.s letter to MPIRG, detailing these monetary and other kinds of donations, is reproduced below since it so aptly documents Wood Lake's experience in this regard. (See page 22.) � B. The Brauer Study's Conclusions and Recommendations on the Costs and Financing of Go1f Course and Nature Center. The greater part of the Brauer study's section on costs concerns spe- cific development and construction costs for both golf course and nature cen- ', ters regardless of site--as well as the likely funding methods that would be pursued for golf courses. Brauer's account includes total cost estimates for both golf course construction and nature center construction, respectively, on the North Park site. The 6rauer estimated cost of a golf course at North Park is $872,536.00 (GRAUER, 1973, p. 77). This estimate is undoubtedly on the low side; golf course construction can easily go into 7 figures for quality 18-ho]e facilities. ' The Brauer study's estimate for total costs for a Nature Center at North ' � � r ' � � Park is $478,390.00; if "initial development and implementation expenses" are A added the total is given as $533,890.00 (BRAUER, 1973, p. 88), even at that not a horrendous burden on the tax-paying home o�•mer. But it might be argued that the Brauer estimate of nature center costs is uery much on the high side. In addition, nature centers are a more flexible initial facility than golf courses. While golf is a difficult game to play ti��ithout completely prepared fairways and greens and constant maintenance, a nature center ]oses little value if in the first years of operation trail lay-out is temporary, land reclamation only partial, and visitor center facilities makeshift. Brauer's � .'`��, .�:,�-�.¢ ��,,; xq,=: � �� `�, :� ,,,�,. �` L �c .>` � �� ..��, :y.4 � ;�„�� .,�--� l� ' � M N �t' Ln � � .�-+ � � � � � .�. � 0 � � � � � � � � � � •��+ � 0 �. O O (O -22- WOOD LAKE NATURE INTERPRETIVE-CENTER 135 Lake Shore Drive • Richfield, Minnesota 55423 (612) 861-4507 Denni� A.smussen MPIRG 3036 University Ave. Mpls., Mn. 55404 �Dear Sir, June 18, 1973 In reference to our previous telephone conversation, the following donations have been realized at Wood Lake during the last three years: MONEY TIME EQUIPMENT (volunteered) -� � i��c � �- � ,y�, . ',1� .., ,�;�r`f �� y 1971�-$ 850 • 1971 - 2000+ hours telescope 1972 - 1712 1972 - 6000+ " telephone poles 1973 - 2058 (through 1973 - unknown egg�incubator $4620 June 1) � film subscription aquarium geese overhead projectar film projector ' tape recorders snowshoes kid packs dark ice house cabinet radio receiver spotting scopes � tripod � � binoculars books fireplace I hope this information will be beneficial to you. DF/bh Sincerely, " i � � �k-- ti ''L�-C � t � Don Fon rick Manager Naturalist telephonQ: 869-7521 (612) ,- . > , � � � � ' ' ' -23- cost estimates for nature center development assume a complete� and very � elaborate facility (BRAUER, 1973, pp. 87-90). Other nature center cost estimates solicited indicate a very much lower cost possible. Douglas Baird Architects, an award-winning architectural firm responsible for the design of facilities for the Hennepin County Park Reserve District, has submitted a much lower informal estimate of nature center costs at North Park (BAIRD, 1973, single page). Baird's Estimate for Nature Center $100,000-120,000 (4,000 sq.ft. building V�orkroom, office, storage � 25/sq. ft. public-sized rest rooms, lobby, 2 classroom folding-wall room, ara e) $40,000-50,000 (entrance road and parking lot) $20,000-25,000 Furnishings (office furniture, folding chairs, etc.) $18,000-20,000 2 loop trails, one mile in length (2), �rading and wood chip trails $198,000-215,000 ' $20,000-24,000 $218,000-239,000 � 5 000-6 $ , ,000 ' r n � � � LJ � i ! Total development Architects fee (12%) TOTAL COST Feas�bilities study not �ncluded The estimate made by the Biard firm, highly experienced in planning and design for nature center facilities, is nearly $300,000 below the Brauer . estimate. Of course we couid play the estimate game ad infinitum, but the fact remains that Fridley could have a oua_� lity nature center at t•�orth Park for hundreds of thousands of dollars less than the Brauer study suggests. D. Other "Economic" Considerations. It is likely that the last-ditch argument of those supporting golf course development at Pdorth Park will hinge on the fact that a golf course may be revenue producing and at least self-sufficient, while a nature center a . • � � I� , {, � ' � � ' ! _J ' ' � ' � I � I � I , ' � -24- will require some tax support from the citizens of Fridley. But as Darby . Nelson (biology department, Anoka Ramsey �unior College) said at a recent council meeting: "If it (economics) is the issue, to hell with a golf course, just.build an industrial park." (FRIDLEY SUN, Wed., May 30, 1973). Tfiis is a facetious way of saying that economics--the concern with how much money will be gained or lost--is not the only issue at hand. The greatest benefit to the entire population of the development of North Park is the issue. And as proponents of golf course development are reluctant to admit, a nature center, by any measure, would serve the greatest number of people (see Demand section of this paper, above). In addition, Fridley residents represent part of the sample of a recent Metro-Poll conducted by the P�1inneapolis Star (Tuesday, February 6, 1973), which discovered that eight out of ten T►vin Cities area residents say�it is a good use of tax money to buy up open land in the Metropolitan area to preserve it in its natural state. VII. CONCLUSIONS A(JD RECOMMENDATIONS OF THIS REPORT A. North Park, by the accounts of two professional natural area managers, and a score of other naturalists, bird experts, soil and water experts, and many others, should be developed as a nature center. This should be done because: 1. North Park is preeminently suited for a nature center because of its environmental diversity. 2. The destruction of North Park, were it to be developed as a golf course, is irreversible. 3. More of the citizens of Fridley of all ages, interests, incomes and preferences would use and enjoy a nature center at North Park, than a golf course. -25- 4. According to the only survey taken (informal admit�edly) more . people in Fridley support a nature center than support a golf course (1300 citizens signed a petition urging nature center development). 5. A golf course, if the citizens of Fridley feel it is needed, can be developed on sites other than North Park, since site, once the problem of directional layout is handled, is much less important a consideration for golf courses than it is for nature centers. B. The Brauer study should not be used as a guide for the community's decision about the future of North Park. This is so because: 1. The Brauer study is not a good piece of research for reasons of its omissions, distortions, and unfounded conclusions. 2. The Brauer study recommends a course of action (golf course develop- ment) that is not in the best interests of the people of Fridley. � 0 , '� � � L � � , �, � �� ' , � �� ' REFERE�JCES 1. ANOK/� SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT (1972) "Fridley, North Park Evaluation." . 2. BRADLEY, LYLE (1973): Memorandum to North Park Ad Hoc Committee; bird census results, April 29. 3. BRADLEY, LYLE (1973): Memorandum to ��orth Park Advisory Committee;' bird census results, May 13. . 4. BRAUER APdD ASSOCIATES (1973): Copy of contract submitted to Mr. Gerald R. Davis, City Manager, Fridley. Dated January 16, 1973. 5. BRAUER APJD ASSOCIATES (1973): Copy of second contract submitted to Mr. Gerald R. Davis. DAted February 8, 1973. 6. BRAUER AND ASSOCIATES (1973): P�orth Park Feasibility Study. � 7. BRECKE�dRIDGE, W.J. (1973): Letter to members of the Fridley City Counci 1 (f�1ay 22 ) . 8. CALDWELL, R. DEAN (1972): Memorandum from chairman of the Fridley DFL club advising that group's support of nature center in North Park. 9. DOUGLAS BAIRD ARCHITECTS (1973): Informal estimate of nature center costs made for North Park Ad Hoc Committee. 10. FONDRICK, DOP� (1973): "Pdaturalists' Evaluation of North Park, Fridley, Minnesota". 11. FRIDLEY SU�� (1973): "Chambers Packed for North Park Hearing" front page , article, May 30. 12. MAHL, ALAN (1973): Conversation with representative of Natural Science for Youth Foundation, June 18. , 13. P�ELONE ' , THEODORE (1973): h1emorandum from Minneapolis Audubon Society � to the Fridley Community Seminar urging preservation of North Park in natural condition. Dated May 14, 1973. 14. MINPdEAPOLIS STAR (1973): Metro-Poll Release, February 6. , 15. MINNESOTA DEPARTP�IENT OF PJATURAL RESOURCES (no date) A Guide to Minnesota Environmental Education Areas. � � ' � 16. OUTDOOR �ECREATION RESOURCES REUIEW COt1MISSION (1962): ORRRC Study Report no. 22, Trends in American Living and 0utdoor Recreation. 17. SPRING LAKE PARK SCHOOL DISTRICT N0. 11 (no date): P�1emorandum from school district documenting school district use of North Park. 18. STATE PLANNING AGEhCY (1971): Grant application form (xerox copy) by city of Fridley to State Planning for funds to acquire tJorth Park. � _ 19. STONE, NORf•1AN R. (no date): "An Evaluation Analysis of North Park and . Locke Park, Suburb of Fridley, Anoka County, Minnesota, for Brauer and . Associates, Inc.". 20. SWAt�SON, SEEGAR JR. (1973): Financing of golf.course or nature center estimate, June 8. 21. SU��DE, JOHN (1972): Letter from Director, Department of Planning and � Engineering, Hennepin County Park Reserve District. 0 ❑ � � ' � ! J � � , I� � � � � � � l W N • M Z �h 11') � � 3 C � > �C Q +� O � � N � +-� a1 r •r C r � N C •r •r i •r U L N � C LL. > � •r ^ O �F C � U O � � ?� �r � +�+>�n•� •r •r � i U U � D u- C � E v � c a C3 G1 C � •r • •r � In � E � C N Q) i N � �O •� � d� � �� i-� � i-� C 1n C •r � •r rp O �O � L � L�•r O� � }� r U O V1 �6 r C i� C N i. N�'r •r U � 3 � � •r d V1 � vv>o�E a� 7 i-� i O rt3 �O +-� }� •r � U � C N VI N ^ N N � � N �,C r- C 4- C 41 +� L �C •r �6 �C i. •r �O C 4- +-� Q r- a. O V1 ^ � •r •r � i i � .� !n L N •r •r {� V1 i-� •r d N N i N .0 QJ i� �O O � � C U azoavc•r- w L+�ca�L N d �O �C S i� � � •r N +-� +� i U L ^ •� •r O � N �C � V1 i. 4- i. Q� Y O d- �O O �- rtS 4- +� d C � O U rt3 r0 Q O +� � rC i L •r VI L N C U � 7 +> > i� •r VI � � � � 7� O L•r V1 L N �i-� U U r � rt3 � r0 O p•� i3 � ��- i� L � � � d O +� •r QJ � O • > t � L� M4-•r +> N d O 1� O� r0 a 01 C � � fC C r � •r � r O U p_•i� •r ^ C U L N+-�� r0•r U N O d +� w �C i � r i N •r � �6 d U •� U v E L �n a� � t O�C N a. C 3 +-� v � �o �n rC � � � � � U O U � .0 U � +� O r � 7 i 1 O O � t 4- f0 N • � CYt GJ O i Ur •r f� •r � i-�d�•r ro 3 L •r .� LL U +� +� � L C C L O aJ •r az E d � N �O N i� E � •r f� L +� E i � E rn o� o 0 O U L N d N N �O � i-� � L L � i-� d O � O X4-+�� 4J � �O � L � � +-> O r N N L � C v1 �O O O tn r- 7 � � � C � U U •� � U • r i-� 7 +� C � N L O > r0 U tC W d t t � +-� o c o +� rO s � 3 v �--� +� +� C C � C Rs u� a� �o 3 +� +� i �n +� ro � •r •r 7 3 v� E � U Z �--+ N W I--� Q C.� O N N Q � � w � ¢ � m W d i � � � L m . �..i C.7 C QJ � � r •r ra vi c N O i � d t t0 .,� � m C.7 � ' ENGINEERS ❑ SURVEYORS ❑ ARCHITECTS PLANNERS ❑ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ❑ � O GO CO •---i �' � N � � � ❑ � M � u'� Q F�- O Cl� W z Z � W � Q � � Z w 0 W W � � G 0 _ O J U � Z � J L.L O �' �i' co ❑ c� Z N W F� Q C� O H H Q � � W � Q � m � � �J 1 za 0 � t� 2W v0 O � s � � �- a � C� Q � �W 0 C'� 0 Z D_0 � �p J �' z z_w0 � 0 t� � � W W �.. � N Q � � W _- v H� 0. � Q W W �_ Z � �- � H� W � Q JO � Qv _ �NI��I�CO�� ' �� ' , ' � ' ' � � L� , ' ' ' , ' ' ' - _ � �� , ' , ' � � I� ' � � ' ' �L� � ' � I II � i �F N t0 � O n d � 01 �O •r i-� r f0 C �C C 7 � C tn •� E +� •� a � � � O � � +� U � N • �- +� 5.+�•C N•r r C � L i •3 ro E +� o o' i E v rno �L �O U � G- N �C N C O- rti i t O O 3 N +� •.- +-� v a-+ ^ ai a� �o c v> W > i N G1 i OJ > • L. t0 G1 � •r' 10 U N•r �N tCS �F- UI L O O C N t0 O +� O i N C) U Ol G1 �— c� v� 3 > C r0 'C •r �, �6 3 c �[ +� � � t0 i N N rn v rt1 i +a•�+� 3 aa r0 tn •r Gl L E �n u� •� C1 N •'- r0 > s +� X N N +� C O CJ t L � it+� 4-• a i-� i O N a � a� s. i0 L Vf +� VI 7 i� � �F d i-� � •r- i Q VI Ri 0 3 N � � � Of � N • i �O � N L a O r .I� •r� i i-� � •� •r� t0 O u�•r �U E\ •r i C) �O � N LL. L �. O C c �0 3 �o O� O�U+� U O C Gl �N ^ �'fl �6 � i Y � C C •r 7 i• 7 O U O �C U �F •� C U a +> > ai a� �a o 4- s�t a� vr- +� +� +� i O L U � C1 O ��F N C Z � O i i6 �C O � ] � (� V Q m i N td G) 7 � +� i t0 C �n U +� 7 i. N 1•� tO U i-� 00 +� C L i 7 �O O N l--- +� � C ^ �- E C C C E • O O i O i O Y U U O•r N U i \ UI t 41 �d �F O� uf +� i d O � � •r O �o E v .c c E�•�+� o U Gl O�r 4- i•i- c �n v ro •� o +� .-� � c� z ai 3 N tn N �--� ^ O � rt3 �-�F a N U+� N O E y r O +� � v- � ai a� v �O r O v� N �0 3•�-�� v rn++ > •,- O L N O T N Rf �6 t0 i. +� � VI Q d•r � Q Qf Y i 7 C vf i� O i-� 023 •r cf t0 C •� �n C d RS L i •r a+� GJ RS • L N Rf 7+� N+� dl+�t f0 C� L•r N i-� i •r •r O U i OO r0 N Z C•� �F E a� � o t Y N Q1 +� '� i +� fC � +� � C�O t0 t U �3�oa�i+�� r N � � �t �6 t C O GJ C +> > +� O i }>•r i N O O� U "6 O �6 � Z O�'f � N i •r i-� � U .0 +> > a� c +� i.� t d V/ 7 O +� i E O vi U i N t0 U Rf o � 3 i �V- O 01 �"C d • O +� N r- >,ro v s•�+� "C � N C d U +-� 7 i � •i +� t0 � N •E LL. N ^ CL� N N �O +� 7 �F � > � N O �•r +� uf O +� ro a�+� � ��-- Ol •� +� �►.� •r S- U •r t/1 • r- � d O N C+� • V r L N O i �n rn N in �•� O E d t0 +, Q�O i� G. i r N C • t0 d N 1-- 4- •� oa +� � L +� V Q � � Q � � ro T � 7 +-� N � � •r � .� N W N s � � O N N > � U a� •n .a O U � .� a� a N 41 t F N � H W m 0 a� � .� Y i ro d t +-� i O z d t � � O d N � a� � rO •i a O i a G rO � N O E � L � N C .� i N � N � O H- � d i � � t6 C i O N i 7 0 V w O � O� N bv L L O li � w � O N +�+ a •r i-� t/1 •r U a� +� N � t C +-� i a� ai +> > r i rt3 N N d N O �� 'O L C N b � C v a� C U b N �> w •.- •� i� +� N C L a� a � i N . � O C f-- ••- � C O � � L a, d O � O U .� O C o • v �o 41 N i d � L � � N � r cv rt -� L N L� N i N 7 L O +� U c 4- -� O � � � ra � i •U o ro w 4- � � c� �O O E rn N Z7 U N� C 1] r 7 � a. N � t6 O 4- ►— o � � d � •i tL N L � r C O � tC � v i a L N � C N i 7 � tp C L 0 � � N N C 'D c b V c � E N � N C w N � t0 N O i F- �a * i O \ 'D C � N i � • o � U +� 4-- U O N O).� � � � 4- O O � 1n C U O .E +� O �O C i O C1 v n � O V � C C �o �o � C i-+ O � U � 7 � i •V� +� /O N N C w O U N t L �-+ � i-� a� c C N r U +� ai 7 L O 7 +� o ro F- c � 41 > � N L O. i � � C .� Z 7 � • A C C O L +� Q •r h W r � 7 O Q O� U � i N � t Rf +� C •r O d •� � i •� O 'd �I- � A N � � A E �1•r •r C 7 •r h � N d •r � O N � +-� •r t N � •r Y 3 L t0 ^ d � C t N � � L �. O O Z r N N > L N F- � � b � d C U N •r +> > O i d � � L +� N r � 3� t6 N C N O }� N •r 1� tn N Z d v �o a nc y •r L C +� d r a3 O d U V1 a- 7 r � N > > d•r � +� •r d tn i � d 7 i Q G1 � i C Q •r U d •r i r- 7 � � �ro d C C L • N O !� N N }7 � r t N � �i•� •r 7 i N O l.� U N W i w O f� r O �n N Cf 7 i N i � t o ro f- 4- i r f0 i • • y r N C C1 C.7 N � Z 0 Z LL �6 N N > � •r �� d Of i c n •r L � ai C i-� 7 C Q •r i i N 7 i N 7 � 'p A C C f0 A N � r i � � •r i N LL �/f L C 7 •r O U t }1 �F- 3� O O i C� rn M1Y � N +� +-� i U O ai n •n C O 7 L N Q. O � � C i6 N � � t0 O 7 •r Q +� N rtv r �O 7 a � O �O at +-� OI C N E •r i r6 +� O L- V1 E Q� •r O X tn i W •r G. N U A O. N C N n. O C1 C � N •X N L N .� •r • E N •r � � � L r r C1 •� � 3 •r N i-� t6 C d d i E � C. C Q •r G1 i > N G1 > � N v c C �0 � r � eo � d � � � U N 4! O •n U O �v G � f0 'p r � f6 N N +t •� c eo � i i L � 7 C U t� N N H t i +> 7 O C U •r � �O N N Uf 01 i 7 M O 00 fi \ u� O •r O O � Cl ln L M ro � ++ c d � Y i ^ �6 A E N i a� �o L +-� O i C +� •r � . O �6 •r N d ++ .c i. �O i-� �O i C O � •r L �n +� L N N 7 V1 E O i U 7 N O L �F U +� r \ pOw G�O O � O ^ i-� }� r i � � i G O -C •r i� i }.� •r L rt 3 � r � » N O- N Cl o � 3 d �6 .0 d � d � 7 .0 O O F- U v� N r O v� L N 1 VI N O� i L 7 +� � O � U � o O O U ; •� }� }� r C t � A Ol 7 i •r G. � L 10Ca�7 S N C L O � � N � tp L L � O i-� • i � +� }� N C L +� •r Rf p dr i C N O� U G t6 CI X i6 7 swa�� +� C C +� C • •r r0 •r' �O f t N +� � i C •r 10 •r 4- O O > +� a� N � N N Y i C� �n i 7 � i rt O N 7 � U o c V � t0 i !�•r C/ W N � t � r � i-� O � 7 L p� •� � O L O C +�LiU U N C � N E •r C L N �..i ip +� i N v i-� •r � X 'fl C C 61 b � ro +� ai •r Q! L N r � +� •r O •r d }� C C/ O � O i i U N i� G1 G1 .0 d X i F-- E N A � i O H .; � a C rt N > b t C O O N r r 3 v C N N i-� •r � A � � +� • U N N v� r i d 7 V� O U � r �F � r > O •r Q1 � ro ro � C O� N C +� •r � V� C ro � L 4- Y � i O fO a E 7 C � �� r N Y L O N O �F i d 00 i M n 01 r T � 7 > -� � � �� U A1 � X t0 G1 � d N i r O 0 � t 1 'D 01 � C r GJ � a c o O •r Gl � � 'C � � f� to E C t r0 U � t c 3 +� X c� a� 7 r i G +� E �n O c v 0 U G1 � •i r •r �..� r0 C i d d i i L 3 N U -Y � VI 7 •� C� N d 'C t •� ++ d t0 C � •r � N O C p •r C.� C C O f/1 •r A +� t •� � .-. C ro o •� U � E � 7 i6 o a U v r V1 7 7 �F � O � � i Y v U r tp •r ,a � 1 � tl') � C N L VI a..i •.- C � r C L t0 1-� �v •3 d � �� +� i r Q� r G r 7 U ro� 4- C � G! r � O d L N 1 •r 00 > r N i U � •r r r d � � 7 N dr n �E � O � U O � N d t N H � d N i 7 O U �I�- O O� V •r � 7 d t6 C O � T � � � t � N N N � 7 E R7 • d � +� N L � b r O � 01� 7 r � O N O t N vs N i-� L G/ �� r •r S vf � T 3 G1 O 'C N •i •r LL .� V v •r t L F- 3 d 1 N d C i O O L�•� N i-� Gl +� •r 1 > t� L i N Gl +� � � N a i +� Cf Gf N t0 N C ^ C� +� •r r •� i N •r L � r•r N 1/f y f0 r � � E G1 N �6 N r VI 3 t +� -r VI �+� NL C N +� O i N +� _ U�O r RS Q� C a C O V1 VI •r d •r �r i-� NY� �6 r i r 6l Y N 3 7 �6 C i O E O i-� '� A d (J = t0 d O i +� i O G) C1 C C G4- N L •� � � +� �6 r N r E Y +� �6 !� C O �6 in r •r � o > o •� � i •� d �O VI r0 p0 i O � 'r a i +� � d ^ i r � 0l U N •r c s �o •� > � O+� r•r� O �� v +> > ai VI C d•r � N r6 � d C1 t0 d �-+ +-� +� +� r O •r- C U L •�/1 C �aao�nc t0 E C 4- ••- �O 6. d C V1 U r O Or N ,U r C1 iC •r Gl •r N N i V1 � > in O s- 7 N+� d N 7 �� 7 pt O O i +� C.1 01 N � d C V� t0 � � r i r N � +� � 7 i-t �Q •r C O = �O � 7 U G/ > Y r6 p > •� N � L 4- •� i N � ir+� �-i 7 O � U Q ul O) U Q d � aivx o • t •r N • O +-� i� r = +-� U C � C 4- 7 i N 4- O O a O E O G. M d' �F r N M � � � ^ OI C7 � ' , ' ' L� 1 ' ' ' I ' I ' ' ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I' i' ' ' � rtf L N C N C7 � � � N i d i � � C •r C1 i 7 i-� • �O C C O L }� O •r N � r r-- � O Q' � U � L ai .- t � +� c •� O a, .� � L •� O � v- v N N �� rts E � •r •,- C 7 v- N � N � •r � O N tA � �r�- t H � Y •3 i ro a� G s N +� E i C, 0 0 z� N N > t N I--� � r- i0 r +� N C (� C! •'- �1-> > O L n c� H t +� N r r- ia ro Vr C G1 O � N r R H G1 i d U �O �O d C VI •r- L C +� N� a3 O �f U N � � � � N > > d•r � +� �r- Cl uf i � d � i Q GJ �.,+ L C O •r U G1 'r- L r- � d i� � ro d � C L . G7 O � N N i� 41 �- t N � O�i•� ••- � � N O LL U a� � i �F p �o '- O N ai v> > i •� N i � s o ro I- 4- i i0 N N > L •r � � N O� i C G. •r i 'C N C }� 7 C O •� � i d 7 i N 7 � � � C C R � a N � �� 'C f�j •i GJ LL VI i C 3 •� o U s � w 3 r- O O i p� rn ro � N �..i +-� i U O C1 d •n n O 7 L vl a O v +� C R1 N � c ro O 7 � Q � � f6 � r-� �O 7 ac O rt5 D. t � � � d � •r- i �O +� O i NEO� 'r' O X N i W •� O. N U ro n N C N G O � C � N •X v t N .E N •.- ++ 'fl �6 i r � rn •3 � N +� ro C G1 N i E c� nc O•r- � N i > GJ CJ > � N 'C C c ro �O P- }1 tO � C1 N � � U VI N O •n U O L� Q C �O � r- C t0 N � � C �6 GJ i i i 'O 3 C U rt5 N 4l Vf L i +� 7 O G v •� \ t0 N N ul 01 i � M O 00 U � v� O •� O O A N � i M ro v +� C N t6 Y i � � � 6 N i a� eo t +� o i �� •� d E • O eo ••- ai ai +� t i m +� ro i C O d •� L �n +� i CJ N � y E O i v�ui oi w U i-� �"' \ AOw O�O O W O � +� +-� � i � R C Q O L •r +-1 � +�•� i '0 3 N � 7� N a� y o s. g drOt d � d E � t O O I-- U N N �-- O � t N 1 In N 01 i t � +� ^ O � U � O O O (� i-� +� r- C L � r6 C� 7 L •� a � i A m � 7 � Q GJ C t O � � �/1 N R7 i .0 v O +� L �F �..i i� tA C S.. i-t •� M1y O dr- i C Gl O � U G iO G1 X i6 7 rw u� � +-� c c +� C � ip •r R7 i t Cl i-� � i C •r rp •� 4- 0 0 > +� C7 G1 N y N Y i O1 �n i 7 � i � O y � E U O C U � Rf i � •� GJ 4- N .G s r- '- E +� O � 7 L Of'r � O i O C � � U U d �vGJE • C t 01 +-� M1S +� i V1 v {..t 'fl X � C C N �O �O ro +� v •r y t Nr � {./ � o •� a +-� c N O 7 O i i U N +� N N L y X i 1- E N io a i O N .; � �O C rt N � t6 t C O O N r- •3 � C R d � .N ro � N +� • U G1 ai �n r i N 7 vl O U � � N �--- > O �- O) +-+ � � � C pf G1 C +-i •� � �n c �0 7 t � Y � i O � a � 7 C � a� r- a� Y i O N O 4- i y oD i c�i � 01 � � N 7 > '7 •r +� � 7 1] U SU � X �p a, � d G1 i '-- O O w r 1 � a1 N c � � t0 a C O O •r N +-� .a � � vro bs c .c �C U � t c 3 +-� X (.1 GJ 7 r- i G +� E tn O C U O U N �•L � •r +� �6 C i � G. i i i � N U Y C N 7 •� m � N � L . ,�,� d ns c � •� C G1 O C O •� U C c O N •'- �6 i-� i v- � � c rt1 O � U � � � 7 ^ O d U � 3 3 �F- � O iC i-� i Y � � � •r � E 1 }.1 � O C G1 s a +� •r c� •r � s ro r v •3 ui � �ro +-� i � � � Q � � •U R � 4- C �6 � � o a t H 1 •� N > � N i v � � � � +� � N a,- a �E � o c c� O C a ai t N F- .0 � N i � O U � O � U .n 7 d t6 C O � a � O � t � N ai N r= � � E ro • CJ r0 � d i �F t6 O � �� r- � o v, O L N U L N �F-� L � �� S •N �-.i � 7 a� o � N .i .,... � s V u� •.- t L E- 3 ai i ai a c i O O tr-•r N +� C/ +� •�- � > U .� i Q) �+> �C � N d i +-� Qf �1 d e6 Gl � � � � � '�" r" • C VI •r- i '-- r- •r- G) VI a� ro r- rn � E G1 G1 t6 uf 'r" v1 3 t +� •� � 'C +-� ul s C d .N O i N +a - U Rf r- �O Of C d C O N VI •r- y •r r-- +� N ,C � r rtf .- i �--� N Y VI 7 7 Rf C L o E O +-� •� �6 Q U = �p d O L �.a i O G1 C1 C C d � y t •r � �F- i-� f6 r�- N �- � Y i-� �6 � C O r0 Nr•�� o > o •� c i•� d Rf vf rtf m s. o v �.- d i +a a a - L ,- ^ GJ U N •r- Ct t6•� > 3 o +.� .- •.- � o.n� "'O +� 7 y VE C d•� � 41 t0 � d � t6 �. +� +� +� +-i O '" C U i •tn C �"� d N O vl C �6 E C �F •� i6 a n c �n c� •� O O.- N �r- (J r0 •r N G1 N � N •c > vf O i � C) +� d Cl 7 E'O 7 Ot O O i i-� (� Qf N � d C tn �6 � � •� i � GJ C +� 'O 7 +� i6 •� C O = ep � 7 (J Cl > Y t0 O > •� N 7 i 4- •� i � Q i r- +� Q i � O 7 U Q N Qf U Q d C N C) X O • .0 '� Gl • O �F-� iJ � _ {..i U � � C 4- 7 i N 4- •O O d O E O G. '- CV M 'ch �F � N M ct ln t0 1� OI C7 N L� Z 0 Z LL N � � � �� c�soo3„n1,�v cooarcomc�o� < 3 �'tG < � .G � fD -4 1/� �. � fD A C � N c+ e'M 3 fD + lD W N'S O� � Z 7 � c e+ i�. ro cD < tD � n N A 7 •�. � � 'J� � � � � � � fD N ��.�.a0 tA � N C� Z G. 3'C cD c n 3 tD -�• 3� 3�.maa e�rma c't fD < c'+ 3 N-�. 3 3 e*fD �G.�O c+ 3 -� o e�r � a r. Ar i O 3 tC [D W--� 7 J� a � � �� n 3 Cf fD C� 7 1� �. � fDa3fp0013C v-s a. i� �-a a. .�. o a, � p, �. � a-s B -�t� ot� � 3 -s a o crcc .�.m i �v 3 a . � a co a n,,-rt� a N iA tC i i'S d vi • cf� fD 7r O N d S O � � N J• fD Z N C• c+ -� m � �n o ..,. �+ c. e+ �o � o m • � � � � � � � Q � � �' � � O tG c+ c+ Oi 'S S 7' Cf rn N fD fD � ro g w tp i f � a < flr fD e'h tC fD 7 �n fD n �+ m a . � or vi r. a < � • o� �. � �. � � J cr o a N d C' �s c -� � A (D � � � � c* i O J� J� < � �r m n � J (p N -+. � � � � � � C N � w � C'f y C 'S fD � o z �� cr c S � fD fD c � N 3 fD e'► fD oi if'� i rm O e+ A N �c �+ (p J� Q � 3 a -s a �� ii F J� Q c+ C S c'h � c+ O so m � �, m o a J � � <"' O A+ � l* �� J � � !G 7 O N �s a ao � c z � a � � s a n< m co C � -� J J� 0 � � N 3 er � 7 � �' � • • J� � � � f't �G i i i i � i c� c� oo ao .. r a�ccvio Z W N 3--� A ��•S7rfL 7c' O 7 fD 7 N v� � r � a O W N � a�� a � � � � 0 � �or a1,� 'i W � \ �� c� � co �. 1/� fD Or A �'1 fD m r f7 J� � � � O fD � r a � � a m � N 7r v \ 3 (D o. � z 0 � J. A � � Z � w o�� -+, o z c � z3n fD �' � �n �G fD O �G C V• � O N ('' J �' (D 3 O e+ c Q' � a� a N O mf�-r N (D fL i � 11 H fD � Z � e�F i s 3om or c�. (�} (p J cc�m � � � fD d � J� Q J� 3 7 �n m ro to -s < �n v m rr � J � � 0 Q �}� J � J� l"* N VI J� 3 � o n �• 3 7 � t� pr W 7 7 N aa � � o to c c � �} � J� a t� OA�• 0 ov -soo+ � J � Q Q J. O � �.�. � � a w �-r � l�"f :� C J. n� Q J� � H n � �� A1 N � �-r rr a • (C • � I � � 1 ' ' i ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' � N � N y O 7 � .r. i � C1 � tA � � � � � � O N � .� �F i � O •�- (� •� r- C � p � C +-t ,� ,� t6 �O C •� c a� � 3 c 4- N E R N tn r- i ^ O 7 r-- ►- eti {.a a 7•� 3 R7 � E oav-L a�•� � �YY� rn o ai ��v � o�a o Gl � U rt5 ln tn C N U R5 a C v� i Q i � ^ � Gl +� � N N G/ Vl r- N t ul {„i y ro..c - c ro.— +.� �a �n as o +-� N; U•.- N N t c� 4- �i -p � E c .c 3�n +� � O rt3 Y � i"'� '_ � N �� 0 i i-� 'p i N r- N O 7•'- p C� C N 7 7 C O> 4- � C r6 i O rC U vf O �•r- i-�•C •i ��p 'O i d +� 'C N •,- c a� ro v ro� a o .— �a rn rn >> a� a� ai c� �� +' c �a +' � .c �n r- c U v� •� � y .,... +� E � •� �O i > � O i i�6 r0 4- �•r d i N d O�+� a � r-- W t� .'.. � �- C 'r" .0 �O i-� Qf •r- f0 7 ^ N Gl i-+ GJ tn C E C VI �..� ,= t � �'- b o^ o� as.� +�33� �'N. O O• t' O �O �6 i-� •E p.� 3 ^� r�- y Gl .G U Rf i '— � � �� ro (� t6 •� 3 � � •s- C �F i � p � i6 N i � i � i tn i C �O E 4- N> L II.v � � Ot �O i N �^ � •S' F- E r- i-� N C. tn � O+-� C O r-- rtf Y � C 'n C O U �- U i N O • Rf roai•�c 30 � E v+.,•� r- � . �+� aNi M1Y a � � i,� � Rf N'-- � +� � Cl �--� G) O+-+ +-� rt i � 3 � '"' C t Cl i �.. C�6 N O. G7 �-- f6 d-� N Rf 7 1 i O i-� O .� � � 0 ro �� O_•r U tn N•'- +� C U t S' �0 i �0 Cl •�- c n..c � 4- ai >, Y rn c 3 ai rtf i O� vl +� +� N i N•'- O Y r- Gl 7 C7 'O �� N r— rtf �Cf O.. i i 0.+� O•r y �6 y tn 'p E d N Ol rtS C i+r > C U � �� E O•b t v� •� O �n •i r- O C �F-� I— r i • C t6 LL r— U N C G) a� ia +.�0 3 rocxot s. L a� v ro•� v s ai �+.� a, �.�, a, +> >, c a, c+� �+-� � U d i rtf N r0 > C i N C i rti N�6 .0 U r- r- O O CJ r- •r- O C� i N 7'� �6 �- i-> > t GJ rtf C i C. •r- � N•C1 vl Q i-� C i� t RS O i i .0 N rti O•r- �"� O C U U Q Q L.L tC I--- i� a 3 � a Q �- � .'� : �' �' � �� . � t��.:: �� . <� � . +�4 ♦ � ..,. -�,� . ��` I . _ �.::-. 0 C�� v n +� o n rts o� •� i.., 4� 01 N C tn r-- vl GJ M c'7 O t0 I •'- C,) � , N O v� i � �,.� t t� ul d M r�j � M � +�01 •� d r�- � � � E N •r- o s 'O i' +'' to n o 0 0 d 4'" � �O CO O O O d �F" O� �C � O O t.!) U 4- O 01 X 4- O t0 1� t1') 1� CJ O i-� ct t0 00 1� M N � � N i r- � � t6 O1 � N ln �F > d � N� d i� i �+ �a � rts c i.- a� r� to rn �n � � i-� U . . t•3 N i N l0 N • al i� Y N Ol LA N �- 1� 3 a� s a O ++ rt i rts E rnZ N r6 t.0 M t� M ct +� +-� M it Q1 i� � � 3 O N M O 01 Lf� ro os • � .0 i � d 01 Cl '- � �7 � O) 7 i-� N �F 1� O tn rtS O Rf I� C�0 GO N�t i „ „ � � � {"� r M � � � t U Q } � +' � 3 a� •n o -Y O • i M 00 l0 ct O ii ro rn � � � � �o o. ai o .- r� rn co o, E i L tOl � � RS Q� Ol �A 00 M M L[� G/ L • ,- r-- 1� N 00 L F- +� t � 11') � �"i N ., ., Y b r-- M O • i 1� C �O i-� O� O E �O r- •r � rn r- N oaia� � t0 i +-� � r0 i-� 01 p •� � � � r O i-� +� � � � i � Q i C+-� N O � Q U � d � U CJ +� N E+� N O N rtf 3 � Y i +� Y +� � i r-- i +-� rC O � C O •.- .i f0 N +-� � m �o � 3 u.. � g cn ¢ I (� Z 0 F � ] a a L v a� i � � � i �C 4-� N d Ry ^ ro � � �1-- O� .a r- 4- iU i p t� 00 �F RS r6 O Q� d tn 01 Q1 4- r-- S.. ��,� � r- r- O••- 3 N O r- � ep i Q� � � . C O �> i rtS t N N ai � c rts •� +-, +-+ N rn •� E � c 'o � 3'_' '_' -p v N N o•.- .- i-� N C N U r- •r L C N E> rt7 i•r- +-+ � O � O N r- rtf d� rp i �- n 3 .- rn N L� o � � , � N rtf+� O t N dN•r � i �N O �+� C1 •.� +� W O. ro C i � +� •r- L i � U O•r- E y N N 4- �n �'� 3'� �• rts v s o v �- i r-- � X C++ i a ^ ro a� �n � �n n C d..c r0 t.- C w L a� � S 3 V d r- tn O t0 i ++ ro o or- o ��r� �, ., �O� N L L r U C C+-� � r- arnv-•� � owvr- � 3 � �a•�•�� L acv+, rts E+.+w i v oa•�.-�,� ro �vv d+� a 7+� i .- N M�--- Rf In •� 7 � 7 C � t N i N C i-� d O C Q� s L�'C C O v i +-� N E a � a L a O -� c�v E a o a 3� i C O O O U y>+-+ aoaiovr- sav� r- �F •� t N �O +-� � O GJ i•r N 9 Y ln E Gl Cl �--� t� O�+� N C� N N G. N+� � C O� G1 G) i�� xY Q v Q�L +� �n a, •r- •, >, v- �n c x �p.- sr-aroo N C O 01..0 +� rtf i i L �+-� r- 01 O) r-• t d }� � r- ' 3 a �, C� t0 � N Rf �..0 �-,+ L� E C 7 � i-� N � •r C CCO rt5 � O�YU� � � r- .� �- N E M � i-t (J �+� • O i r- I � rt5 •r- C 7 Cr- •++ iQNS � C) O O �+� 7 N+� �� '- 'v � �� c � c� +� E .i 3 a� i c • c w �o E a1 +-� r- E 7 O N� O+� O Ll N r- N d� U�-- a1 V/ U X O•e-•r- O � a3t a� E 3 t r- cn � o+� +� a� r- I-� � �� N i L rp a �O � > i +� a � 7 +� +� � � � � O O '� � U O�Q�F i+� �O�tn N G � i Q� � I� •r- � i E QJ 7 O 4J � N •i p� i O� O•� � O L c c t �,- tL � 4- i- ��, a� o�+� w (7 Q } m Z 0 Q ] a � � � ro o 4- Y � p O d •r- C � � Q �O v� O +-� N I� 4- i •r O Nr- � U • +-' i E N Rf N tO .�.� s � �F tC +' E 3�•r- t o o X i� r- O + I N N M p •r- N i tp . . 3�o rn a c� �n �p �t ch �a a � +� rn+� �o c c c a� •� a� n �F-� U U 7 N C i � 'r- N O7 N O �G N 00 N �n •.- n ai i . . . C i Y tn 'cl- N tp • O G1 t r0 N N N V a rn E � �-- X •r- ANt N � p) i CJ �6 C N ''" �, rtf � tl) �o �a -o �• ro r-- cr cr cv � `�- c . a ,- � . . . � r6 N N �-- O M Ct 01 N tn CJ •r- r-- O �--- 'ch M N cF '� r- Vl ._ "0 '� !A � Nh'•r �•r- E s. � d i O L� O r- LL V . 'O c O c �n '" �''" �'r' - O M OO OD � .i c O O . . �� r' ^ N O 1 r- Ln � � R3 11') N O L1') N N M �y 4- � 7 N •� �yq O i-� � tq r r- c c � � �o o •E � 0 0 +� Rs •-, �UO �F v +� O O � M � n d- � �6004- C � . � Y O O O O tt� � pp n o in �. ,_ •i C b4 O i +� � +� ¢ r- a> > N Lb4� � '- t v E "O +� � �F � •i � O c O c +� � N C� 3 y � � E N r-- •r- QJ 7 O N� tO � i O U • N C+� � Q U C�•r' t6 O N Q� r- +' � i+' E o a� rts C 'r p "6 i +� Y a� E ai a� v ++ rts o .c o �a .� � � � ai +.� _ F- U w+� +� ►-. LL g N Q � � � F � 0 w 0 v Z � N N O C 3 � +� pf d , C r-� N 'N O 'C GJ N X i � •� N +-� '- � � c �n •E .r.. ay r-- i-� Gl t/� p�.r- N t �.a 'N �/1 7 t6 t0 a� o w � � � rn '� � v c � cn c s N rt� ro +� � b 3 N � �n U o E ai ro i N C1 � QI ;"i r- i C •i rtf .- � � N � i i-� � ., � � V N vl v v� ro �n a c i io E v v .o � o • E r- s i s� � v a� +� � '� G1 i •� �'a � N � � � y � •� � � b +' s E � N c i +� E � L rtf O O � U • Cl d C U c '^ a 3 i � N C 7 O= � O vf y a � � N �n X +� •.- +� C r- r� � t6 �6 a (� 3� �c� O++ � U 7 � ,r„ r- c �a ao n� O 4- O L N .3 �3 �- �-.+ �--� s � ro b ro � � ro ai r- c a� a� i 7 O i'� � O rts n•� ro .- o +� o +� +� a ro +�+ E � v � N N ttl � N Y • Q� L Y�F r- t/1 i vl C U i .i O rtf C1 r v r6 N O d E'v .v� i E E •n a ^� � O rt7 O d U i N U E t U1 C O L C t/� F- � Q 4- I- •� �1 r0 � � � � � � � ] N O c �o �1-� O C � •� O •� O � C +� }� •r � t0 r {.� i E i +� rtS U ^ N N v C) v �++t as. � G) VI i-� E U � �,ro o a� ro +� N �F U i r �N ��+� � c s r- a� ra .n •� +� -v +� a� rtf d C t0 i GG ^N�i-� rtf rtf i•r N OJ U U 61 i i i •r- 4- t� � � r CJ 'D roco ^a�c U t0 Q� L 4- G1 � t Y • •VI N •t0 � N C � Vl r- �F C N O t+.+� rt 3•� d •r rt! t6 +� Ll VI r •r Qft �O C �O �6 +� C+� U•� 7 N N VI O_ ,�3 v> E > ro E i V� rCf •r- U O t6 GJ N V1 V > .,-++ c ro +� N 'O v s. a� a� a ai a� C Ot�F X.a N rt3 a +� •r u� N 3 c c c N � � � � N i �O '6 . U � O� O r- C ul i �o o aro �a++ o '� r �+� O� i• � r � +� C o ^ �- tC O t6 N t +-� .� N +� Qi � N i h > i •� �>a��•�o� r aL (n p. '0 +� X � V� i d•r- d GJ N O a+� � a � o a� ai +� x � - •n as N ro N C E +� "6 E U G7 O C N C U i tC3 � N N N O Y •r E �O� ^C•� i �O C Rf J N 01 N� O U d � � V1 X t0 .a +-� • v O •r V1 i � v� v, v, •r- a +.+ .- �- r N t d•r fO rtf O N > C �F d � r O � C �o N y ••- O r6 uf r- t CJ U •r- d� � W i o� w > 0 LL J � � b i N � � 0 0 � N a� � M1Y � Q � C a L v L c N � O i t0 > N rO L � � .v t0 H-- G1 N i � 0 V � 0 01 rp •• � � •� i� U •r- r C •C 7 � E c c � N � r-� d � � i C N r6 �F t0 � U • .vl • U In N }� �o � � r L U Q � N a�vv 1] C tp r0 O • � i � � � b O 7 N •C t N GJ 7 N •r i � > 7 E � +� O +-��nvc� .- i 7 •C 41 i G) 7 �F �..1 t E� N+> E O O ^ O U +� • +�+ � v � • d C � • r Q E ^ O C v N N r +�+ rt7 a L N N +� � i p� V/ �6 C 3 N 'O +� N U N U �baro i d O i � N � +� O N +� vc>rts N N v- �� +� '- O G) O O �n Ol C i-� tn b ro ¢ <n i 4-�nc 1 O N �O N C v ++ � � �O L tn i r6 N O tn Q i �F w � � ro � N � N �/1 C .0 o ro rt3-+ # a, ^ U 1 VI fp �F- G1 N d r- i E v� O U r0 � Q1 N 01 � N i � +� rO +� rp � i � 7 4- N 7 N � O •� O y N i U �� C r0 �--. rO O > ^ V1 ^ +� i •� . O� U N C p� C �� a�i.� c w O +� Y C U R% �C C1•r� i r0 � � d r0 U 7 V E �- � � �o v �a � •i N C � a d i •r -p � ;..+ ro � s. •� N +-� t0 rt7 � t Nt U•r i-� .0 01 ^ � H •� tn C rC E.- O a N O V1 • L,f6+�r 3� U i C CJ ++ •.- +� N > r t 'p U) ra c 3 i �� o E ^ E a� � E� E Gi c +� O r � � rtS rtf U O vi a rn N� Z � � i vi c�cwcroro N �C N �O � "� N r- I O •r S_ N �- 1 }1 1/I � •r � N +' +' 3 ++ �-+ .n c •� rc �>�n � �o cn 3 •� �a r +.+ Q� a-.i • V i •.- ^ U ^ tt3 O +-� � 'O uf �a•�o � E > OY+� • •r d i t0 rO r +� r0 }-� c v� c� rn n�n o•� �o c U +-� �E f6 •r �o N rt E C E N �n C •r O O sio3•r-c U 7•� �n++ O G) O +� r U a' U t0 M1'S � v � N 1 •� t •r U F-- U ro o � N . N N N f0 N C 3 O r o •� ro L +� C � U O � C N � 7 i U �F d a v � L +� N f-- •� � C •� 7 > • E O N E i U1 O Q •� U i-� N •r 'D i r- C Gl rO 'p 4- 7 �'fl O O Q� � O �6 t C r- i N •U O N O�•� N L 1-� O� •r- +� •.- c� c N U1 C � i C C1 i rC s O E C 4- � � N O t/1 U � � h L r +�+ � a i +.+ N d •� a rnE� i C v •.- 7 •� > U O +� d rt3 U N•�� N .� 4- E U N ro� O �O +-� � � a� c � a� �o+� i � � � 3 � � � �6 U i C 0 0 •U �U•r O +-� � i-� cn •� s res N � c � N E �n tO i C 7 i O � V O � v s � � O ^ � � i 7 O N N � C i O aro N "a Q C t[f • N � +� N+�•r C •C •U 7 r0 •� E v� � E i � O O � U d v+ a a� ra s cn•�+� i � � G) O O E +� U � � � +-+ a-+ N N � VI O 7 N � E ro i i G/ � ai > ro � c �ovo E U •r �--� N +� I i O C E o ao • � i a-+ � n ra ro U � r0 � � �F � N N +-+ s E C U O � •r U 'C L � �-+ 3 � � N c a� p •� t r- +� O� �+� •r 7 i i0� O +� i-� •r L C 41 (J L 7 i rtf +� O d 4- U i � 1 � � � V1 +� C ,L N C �6. ao•� Q i r0 U 'C N E c i O N �O tp i �O W C N t OL G1 U •r +.� N 3 � ��row > O O vi i +� N N N � H � 'O +� � 7 GJ •r- O +> > N N Y E +� L �O r U � � � �O i-+ �a c a�wcro � s U i-� ^ +� C Ql VI O O C C c E•r O Q1•r � i �}i N N O U v +�'n C C C � �� v 3 rn VE C � i N •� �O � � o� •� O +� O U U L O Q1 N N Q � 3 � •� o rn � i C C v � �n •� � � � � -o c C •r • r6 +� t0 i C C N Qf O O.n C U v� O •� t0+�•�� v U �G C cn o vi ro a� 7 G1 C N� � "O > O �C C N L Rf i 'C O •1/1 N X •'- N N r0 i � > +-� N i d N N � i VI �..� rp O N i E i G1 i d d G1 w o > � N i O �n O_ N L uf � ^ G1 i O i� > � v .- a� O � � V �6 N N i 4- � s- a � U1 L O •r' r6 Q� � VI •r � N t �6 � Q a i E r- t0 i • +.+ a�av� C +' O N � O +� Lrn�� o C i ^� O O N O .- .a C +� s O Rf O� U +� � c c ai rts N O c U •N �O v �p •n • t v a� ++ -o �o � v .a W C � rtf O •� c 3 ro rC r- d -4� J r0 3 C 1 � � ' � ..� m a, > :__ 7 i � o n: :�, t0 E s r- � ++ .- C �� N �n !� +� +� Gl �L i � (J f� • U1 O C �L v� rO tT i O � s r0 i C C t/l d a �a a� •,- � � c v� O r N tn Q� i a1 � � O VI f0 � r VI I� Ql Ol 41 i� RS i N v� a� E +� � ^ L > � O O 7 t6 C H U r-- O U � i rC O tn � � N �- O 41 i tn o\° O •r a O i �t v� +� a � • o 0 �6 a--� N O � N O v� N U � l0 l0 � � � i i i +-� "0 O U d� � C �•� O� CO t1') 4- f0 tn N � O N r � � a� a� ro � � o\°+�r- �d Ol r0 "6 N i-� i N � � � � N UJ o\° N -C i lp +� +-� N • o\° o\° �O �n i-� N d' CO E� N t0 N � M Ct �+� tn > i i � i •X •r L r 7 O � t0 O 3� i O 0p �- M i O d U Ol r �- C U fl- O � r6 •r 4-- +-� O � f0 �6 � i t � v d � �6 O E N a. � i � � � � r O +-� rC i +-� +� �F O N C i-� E o v � � r-- +-� ct • • . . C N � � � 3 cv in O C O C i U rC r � � f6 +-� O C r6 O O r � U N i-� � �--� � > o r0 0 � N N N� V1 U C Q O v� N�6 N N•r O 41 O � d v �--� i-� S.. � O1 C N r U.L] a--� tC5 a--� d �•r i O U 3 rO +� � � F- ��6 t C d Z (n � � Q W � Q 0 � H W � W I H Z LL J 0 � o° � °o N M N• O ' � . M 41 O I � N >= rn v � � i n +� O� O N � � U r- N X w L O o \ M � � �t . . o i O M M O r6 2 1 � d 1 lD � O � rn M �Y o° � � 1� N O o\° ' ' Gi' N �..i � L(') N Q1 r0 � � i � r� o O � N l0 N 2 O� r I � � � � 0 0^ o C M � � O• ' ' O a' N .1--i � M l.() r- r6 � � � O r-- 11'7 M Ol S 7 1� Ol � i � OJ N ^ � � cF N c r6 r t0 O C L1 O � O • +� i � � i-� t6 a--� N Z N � ✓� � O %� � C �I--� N i v� O � 4- � i U �. c � O +� O � o a� v� �--� m O U � L U v Q1 M +-� d • � v in cn +� � L � �O v O � E v� o � � i O+� i L p a OJ � O � i N r- o +� � > U �- Q•� � a ro ra L 41 r ��--- � Y 'p t O v� i t/1 � i-� 7 O v7 i � � 3 L � � � � � � +> Z � rt3 � L +-� O .- +-' O O O O N d � � � N � E � C .- Vl •r- Q1 4- Q1 � a� O i C d +� +� O +-� O v r t � � N �6 in O rt � Q1 +� +� L >, � �, C r6 +-� r-- �--' � O'7 � tC5 •r V C +-� � � i L •r 41 •r O O �Y Y � •r•�-7 d rt5 i O +� �O +� �o E ra E � E N �i Q1 Q1 i N • � L a1 E U� cn � rt3 Uf Q1 v�--� a Z- L i r6 ro �n � ++ +� 3 N O X i rp N cn tn U N O t N C i � +� S. � � � � w rt3 O .- O <n cn +� U O UJ•r� in Q� � �--- � p � L �6•�+� tn N 25 � E �6 3 _c L �O N � r6 O +� N N � � N •� L � � 3 c rC3 Q1 i�--� O rt5 � N +-� +� O F- � c c i r . O N •r � N '� r }) N• C N N N � V� O i v•r N .n U N > N i v � � •r C � � r-- C•r L O O � CJ � V� "d U U Q W � Q F- Y � Q � W I H Z LL J � � O i-� tO L O � C F- � it a--� N v L � N c� O O� � r rt3 • � U C C � �--� O L� � � 4- N r- a-.+ O �6 C7 •r U �--� p � � C N O Q �--� � � Z L 41 r- � � � Ol i � m r-- N M i O � C � � N N i �6 � t O U � C r6 N +� ^ o � � i a� N � r- C t a, 3 � � • O � i-� N I� 'LS O� N � � � •7 r VI � �"' vr c a, � 3 0 i N E • o a� E O v �o O �n i Qi CC +-� O � •r i Q � .n N i G > 41 O .- v- .� ai � +� V O U N rn � L i VI +-� � � N �6 O C t•�•r a� a� a� N N � L � N a--� O _c U U +� fp w � I--- � U W X w Y � Q d Z } J Y O O � m rn ..0 r C O +� �6 •� C N Q� i ++ •r- �/1 � C � C N Vl N > O � O � � N L QJ .L] N � � � N rtf N � � N i E C i--� 2S • � rti �6 L a--� d C M cn O �l \ i-� rt3 � L N 7 N V1 r v � r i C +� O UJ C � ^ a-� v E •� O C C i O� � v++ ro o v i6 Q cn 4-- .� O N 41 � 3 � v� � N� � •r N r CY •r � �u a1 �n N N +-� � tn �n N tO i-� i � i •� ..0 t0 U (J � +-� +�� U O•r � � rt3 U U ..0 N Q1 � QJ i +�•r C it O � •r � f- •r C Q1 � > C d t/� cn N � L U1 • tn �a•�a, - o � a� � N U Q1 C O i v �n �o � •r v N i i +� t N � N � H �n o rn in U O U C i v i r � X • U N •> O QJ v � •r (� = C N +-� i r- � i �F C ^ 41 O � N rCs C G U'I i-� a�oas �o C •r �+-� C r {-1 N fp •r Q c �a a� 3 3 � i ..0 N 7 7 Q1 C • d Q�+� •r O �C � N r6 S •� O I i d �1-� O � �- • V i • r- N N C CCI 41 r � i • 7 rts++ N�•n.x a "� +� C i O 4- rt3 C O r6 N ¢ O 3 o c� a a � J J 2 O O O 3 F- 2 C!S � m � � •N i r� � � • 3 v Q1 � � L t0 L Q1 r� rO r U �F vl U 4- N C a, �, �n •� � L � C _ r- 7 � � +� i C r�--� +-� Y ln N N �6 rt3 r6 rt3 C Q1 "O N � +� r-- 3 � � C O ^ 7 L � tn 'D i O� � UJ t6 r- v L .N Q1 .� � o +� ro rcy 3 +> � 3 � L 3 v �o ai a� �6 N t C rt5 N r- � +-� �•� C � �6 O •r � cn O i L O 3 � i �`� a� 3 '� o +� > � d t r6 N N � C +� a r {/1 � � C � t Q1 •r Q1 N � +� .� U +� E > c +� '�- r6 N. •r r6 ^ r � � r {-� c 3 r- a c� � O +� L a rt5 4J � � � i � i � i C L1 .� Vl +-� 1] • Q� •� +-> t0 41 r ln f� r l/) •i r t/> r- tp � L m o c� 3 a� �a � L a� �,.. +> > o 3 a� N•,- rts c� 4J � i �1 7 Z � �. L Q Q1 N +� tn � i > C� r p_, O tn r0 •r r �� U •� +� � � i V) V �t � E+� Q1 i+� rt3 01 vl t/� t rC Q1 i l0 O F--- � Y +� � N_C C Y U+� I-r •r +� U •r rC7 � N • tp a--� � N 3 L�n c v� O C tO 'O N C•r ,- c c o� .c � a� a� o a� �n +� i-� fl i d N �6 i = O N � � � O N ...0 N O tn O C > �H t t . y� � � �� a��a •��a�� 1-� U i Q1 O V U� r6 N N tn •r rt5 U X C 3 v N tH N O N QJ O C� W a--+ -� _ � � O H O cn l.L J O C.�3 w C.7 Q J J � � 3 L o a� a v O � L z � a -o +> � 4- +� 7 4! � p i rt3 vl C O U L r6 � a � � Q� 41 � O ^ rC} i U � � -O QJ � rt3 Q) N �--� L L U � � •�+� 41 N 7 L Q1 i Q� L Q1 _c Rs a� o o a� +� o- L v ro N � � i cn O � r- � a+� •r' Q1 ••- �+� a� � � 41•r-� N r E � a� N ln v C Vl L rO > > O r0 +� t O O V _C U •r L p � > Q i L +-� � d E O O d i •r- O +� +-� �- d U v � 'L7 r6 U7 � � C "B 4- cn +� �6 �6 C �6 � � � � v N N � U • C ^ �6 > v U O cn �--- •� s_ c •� �o +� �--� i-� N t/1 U in r6 L •� r0 rC ^ +� r0 � i 3 �n •,- � +� a� E N +� aJ i-i •� � � N l0 r--- ,a i •r rp v C 7 U� N U �6 O O C 7 C U N •r � «7 � Vl � 7 � � M Q•r Ni..i � +� � i oZ3 +-� +� � U1 f6 7 7 •r N d i O O rt5 Q1 a� a E � N � v t0 Q � r6 Q� � � O i r6 O vl L 07 r-- � � I �- r Y O� �- O U N •�t �6 N �/l N r L •r a N d 7 -G O -C -C O O H 2 i-� +-� i-� U N � d Q � Z O O U v� �� c �, L a, � 1 � � v E +� r- i -C O t O� +� U O) C �6 r V •� v7 3 ra r � L N • O O ^ i Y i � � O C r6 N rt3 +� O O C QJ •r l0 N C +� +-� +� 'D C.7 •� C U Q1 N � N Q1 N L � +� fl- • O O vl �n w Q1 U fl- � O �n +� i V> v�a��n�a C N tn � O i �O E L � U � � 7 r0 }� -��o+�a��a +-� L U vi L Q1 a� � � � C O � Q1 N +� ._C v� 4- i r- +� i O N i �6 .F.� �-O ^Qi r0 r- � O in v 3 L Ol {--� tn �-- t0 i C r-- C r6 v N rO O � vi t (� i � 'D i +� Q1 0-•r rt3 r0 N > E N i .� N �o +� >, N �, � � t U O C +� C 'O � N' � � `� rts ni 3 ro o � o -v �� v � ao � c •N a� � v w � r6 � dr O U •� .- r6 rt3 L O Q rt3 t� Q� r- d d � � I r6 � n i V C �•�-+> � r6 � C c 4- ai ro:�, a, � C N iII r--- E �- N 3 a �6 fl � !� � +' � O i •�- rt7 C O N �6 41 •.- > 4- .. � a--� . tn r- C C ^ N 41 N a� o a� c� v U >•r C•.-�i X C+-�•r+�+� N O !6 � (J U�r rp� C C O O S- C Q� E i fl tp � N Y Q O U �--� F-- N W 7 Q � �� v � . � �F i � ^ s. v v o ro 4J N U Q� G) d � N a 1•r C� �•r +-� � i 00�+-�•� O+�t QJ•� � v r- o a� �n �c 3 O N rti �O r- 3'r i i (J v i O i N r6 tn 4- N ai� (p� �Y - � � c > � ro a� >, � v�, ro a� a� o i � d C r- f 6 E L � •r rti +� +� �1-� U ++ fo ^ � s 'a v •,- �n v C w rn rn� c� a-� �CS O) C•r •r r0 �O O vf a^ r- O r i-� � = N •N N In � � }.1 •r7 � N ti1 � vl �� rp 41 O� v ^r- N+� d� i_C r- � N v N C (J I d '� i� i-� r•r i-� or�•� � c ro a �o •r N L O rt5 � N E N L � �n � tn i r O +-� +� N ^C N Q.U•r� Ea�oa�o++•� v +� •r Q�+� r i-� N ^ N r6 4J d C �O r- i-� L a--� ��ra�n �•��oro � a rts � ��n E� a� a O E� � ��•r O U O�•r ^ U N U C t 41 Q� Q! N•r • +-� �F •r VI C i C�--� N � t0 O>� i•r t6 O C r- tn r � � d r6 � tn 00 •i "� O 0- v� C N rC r� O U r6 QJ rC tn tn L O L •r ..0 •r cn ++ c� c� 3 a� +� +� +� o r� o i _c ,- +� n. i O1 •r r- �1-� i-� � t/) •r v r-- }� }-1 r �•r N N > t6 7� ^ t6 V N+-� rC o a� r- O 3�� rts .- � d-� �� v� C k-- .a C r- r6 O) r6 E i� � O I� r- v r O r6 � N� ^ O O� ' i i E�6 �n C"� �n r— c � 4- � a� a� � rt3 +� '� ..c O a c N C• Q1 N N+� t O•r tp �"o� � af E•�� E a� o a� •,- •� 3� i� +� C r- i r0 • N� r- N Q) '6 � ^ U � a--� � r Q C= > U� r- � U •� O •r N N N � '� � +-> > C i Q • r6 � Ul t/1 N•r •r O N r �}.� i �G •� +� �6 '0 � •� � t6 r0 vf 7 S- C� i rCS > �O C c..) i. t6 C rt3 >+� •�- O N Q1 '6 N t0 N i N U U X+-� � r0 � a +� •r � C Q�t N N�i-� = Q1 r0 C .L] +-+ r0 ��n c tr O L O fl- N O�+-� E � � r-- C N O E•�•�� i +�� c E � O rt5 +� O�n rt3 i rtY •r- tO O O U� �p L Q�F O 3 3 U U U � v +-� +-� � o� •.- U C tn N L N i 41 +� � N L d-� � d-� C O• � �n C �n � c o �, c o �o 0 � U� r•r � Nd+� +.> �� •� �a � 3 v L +� O • C N C L N O d N U � V O i r6 L v� 3 +� Q1 �•r is V7 U r p� L a� ro •� � V7 Vl � �--� O •� L U � r '� >,o ro c � i-� V L �6 r6 •� Q1 aU N > t .� a� +� U N F- V1 Q� � � c c F- c a � • O.- E a� • N ln �F-> Q1 �n L C i � Q1 7 O O O•r O•rs L i-� U �--� N i c � N Q1 '� 41 � 3 � c r �--� +� O +� U � �� L l0 r-- C � O i r6•�w L rt3 Q- O r6 N X N � d Ql +� N i •� ^ -C � O U �n +-� C O rC 'p t6 a d i N r6 �6 U N E U � C '� O r �6 i L CO �n L 4-- r0 lD Q� Q1 Lf) r n. t/1 C tn > > L � �Q N V1 W d 04-•� J +� +� �F J i . � N �--� O i-� Vf tn N � L N C i- W � rov � � 4-- .- c O O Q O d rt5 U � � �� N Ql i-� i t0 RS 7 N Q� > O r C r U 7 L � O d Q1 d--� � s •� E � 3 3 o v i +� �F 4- • C � v � v � E r-rn+�s r-� � L +� f� •r > c a 3 4J •� N N � � O tn Q� � +� C C c o •� 4- v•rr O E+�� QJ r6 O 41 > Q7 L O� O � �6 L U � .- a 41 C E s- res � Q1 C a--� C 41 N N i-� d .� a� o i-� i i � � � i� N 7 •r 1] O v L a� � � L � a� ro+� L N � � rt7 O � O -� E a v U E N L O •r v � U �--� L a U • � � � � Q1 � N O • L+� � � • 7 r- O � O�.-•r- C U N 7 i-� �6 cn 4- U �n N •r � r- > � L � o a��+> E � i � N O � �6 C V7 01� U•r � •r � ^ rt3 +� 'O C M U C fO N fp t4 S- L i �n �O N Q � N a c ro a� 3 �n � s. Q O •� a+� N W N � � O U � W N O d 0 � d � . � v � r6 i QJ 7 i C O �6 O U +� C w U1 O r- �c •� o � +� rn rt U E a� c � p aJ v •r L � i-� � r6 L r C O 7 r N pl � •r � +� > i �� 3 �o ^ N a� c r-- viroo L t � Q1 i O > � U �6 � �F- � C O �--- � Q� •� 4- 3 O U � a c .- +� o .n •� •r � r- +-� d �6 U n� rp •r i U i-� L •� � O C C � � O E c� ro +� a� V1 �6 C O � •.- d� C O i i N Q • U �C C � i O > rtsv •� a i-� M U � 1� �6 � Ol �Y r ,- p � C O t[) O L �] U! a� c �c c� F- •� '7 � � �6 +� i +� O vf v� 41 N � ^� r M � +� � X r i � � � 'O •r t/1 ro a 3 d t N � U �-- �a rts 3 � E � � �n O a � d r r0 O +� �6 L U • Q1 � d v r0 i C i � �6 7 N •� i o�n�ro i-� i v a� �a s a� +� Y }� � � i tn r �C r6 O� �F i+.+ i E c O N rO r d � a� � ^ E tr- ao a� +� � C U L 3 ro +� � � � O w � C � Q1•r^ r V1 L1 � N O • 3 • v � +.> v 3 �., r Li L c � �., � � E N O • s U vl � N +-� r i-� V1 _ t0 •r i ^ N in in � v > O C O i •r d v C7 �O �F-� O � � i 4- � U d .0 r 4J 41 � O .0 X N •r � �1 � 7 L -. O _ � _. i i+�•� i a� o +� o E 7� � E ncch C 7 b •r � L 41 � i ^ r0 i N �6 "0 d �a E al L N 'p N� U•� y i r- i-� r- � N • 'o �n � � d N •�- F-�= i�- r-- v� W V: � O L� u_ � C� L.% � � Q; �I �� Cri >- LL1 ! � cc: � i �, � � cn � � s _ i- .. .+-� '..� cn S- . . Y._,. ' _ - � ': _. -� �; r � — �- lJ : �_ � �" 1 ° 'J J C ,. i_ �a � � G L � e_ i- .�. _.. . - � ��:i i� � �,. � u, _.. - ' ,...� 7 '� _ �, c; - ;. J f� :C _�: � � nS >' T r.. ;f5 t °- t '-�. � � O �+� � L_ S T. :a ��' ? ' ' �. �o +� i� a ca Qi �i-= � A � s— :ci �� s�� r�: ; � Cl ��,' �-' — i Si} - t .. ,.� � :. �. - � _ � E rt3 rt� 7. ,�--: ._ .., ,._ � ._ . .� �, r ` �_ - - � rts �- _C rc5 Q7 C� 1' nJ r.� �. .. . _. ..� , � , , ._ ., „� tn 2 _L C� z i �:i C.J C] .._ , _.v . _ �:Xi . _ v =. _� �, �S m t.J C. t : t_i_ c_` i _, _. . � . . . ., . _ � ..:� i. . , , i- ,. . , d. �.� c O � •r � � +� v c •U RS C �6 N � rn c � �n ro 7 a C r � O OM r- r L1 •r 1� • c +�rn=� �-+ v «S r t r 'p ^ +� � C O Y • �•r O i O w a� 3 �o 1� O i � +-� d Ol C L O) � � � � •� •r � C O r- 41 i�6 r O n.[0 r � +� t O Y I� i i p � O 00 = • O M Q�--� N G) L ^ O > U1 CO � i ^•r- i �i' a U +� 7 V1 1� � 3 O • d rt5 .- U U tn V� +� �a1 Ni r0 r6 � X M tn � 4J LL N i O � i - i � U N rt3 X �6 O +� r C Q (J N � }� •N (O E 41 N Q1 O r�C ln UI r- r L +� i C'6 O O i VI RS •� t..0 L Ol QJ � (p I I �--� v1 01 Ol 1 vi N C � �6 .� O r r-- - M 3 +-+ c� n �o N �6 C � L C C t6 d' O•r �C p •r � r +� a i � +� J +-� � tC5 Q •r U � r6� O"0 41 i �+�vv x � � Rs a� rt a� d•r Y - � O i-� i d � Ll i�C Vl rt3 N � �6 E � i •r iC d L_C R) 7 � N +� +� N i a � i �C �n r6 r- H�•r i O C 03 r0 � i-� O d 41 • N 'a �C N 'O • i C C i G) Ul �n O � �6 RS•r N Q1� r � � 7 l � L Y � • i O O 4- � � �n 7 N O � t�O r6 O.0 L O � fl- 3 c� H m c7 N IA } Q Z Q a, �n s i a� o voc i O� t C� F 7 7 +� 1 U �O O rn m ro a� � Vf r- QJ r- 7 v- v ro � v- Vf i� Q1 r0 r C i N C d> O O � d r6 � U' r O r6 5- +� U C d-� N r �C O •r '� r rtS � �•r C N� C C O+-� � a--� r6 O � r6 .- E •r O i r-- N E cn +� I.L � � \ •r � . . � dr r rtf Z V1 4- E O Q1 .- � a tn Q1 c +-� •r O C r0 > N C+-� U' N fC5 > N •r N•r N t•� U r r- � i-� Q� N •r r6 i-> N C N L U C L � - N rt3 O Q�N OM�+-�� r C L U N �...� •r L "0 O w r0 +-� '� N r0 � E� � Z r0 v tn d � O r- Ul i O N Q� � N � � t � +� i O • cn +� U y U +� � 3 ^ � in �n � �n N 41 C N•r- .� � O E r— � �n � �•r N O i O� a i +.� i ..0 M � C rt3 r6 � I\ O•� p d i cn rn,- U 3+.� E �6 O O r N L N v r C U r6 E U rt3 �n .- p C r6 Q1 O •r N O� W NL��--� .a •r- O +� +� rt3 +-� C � r � t6 +� • � ^ L � r�•r QJ O N F- � C VI U L O 3"a � L O a c � a� w • N(p � O N N N�F d C U i i� O ln Q1 f- 7 UJ V7 L+� U O.� O C � t0 r U+� Q O O +� i cn U tn C .n � ^ � •r O � r L Q � U L•r d O N r6 r- o+� L 3 c Q r- � rts c i o O E � � O Ol � a. •.- O � N 7 •r i-� U a� n+� � rn rts Q� O r0 C r C N r dr M•r � p ui � 3 c� •� N i N Q1 L rO r+� t O� N rC i r0 r0 I--- � +-' L a "o U "� N O 2 � Q1 � N L L 7 d O dU C � O O � � � � � � d Q O N a � N N L � O U \ � lD � O � � C 0 i� � Z QJ � L � O U \ � � O � a� �--� � � N � N L � O U \ O O � � 0 i � N � � � L � O v � N � M � � v i ¢ v Y L � � O rn � �--� O � 41 N L 7 O U M � n � n � O i-� i vl QJ rt7 > W •r- rC3 � � •r L d Q d i-+ v� N N �c •� i v7 � N � � O n v � t r i� � L 7 O U c7 c � � O C O � � 7 Q O RS d � L O Q � O� +-� r- Q1 Y � L � � �--� � V a� � •rj rt3 O +-� i- O d H Q1 N i � O U O � n � � C Q1 O L •� +� � ro� � p � L a �--+ QJ O tn > d rp •r W � O Ol r6 •� O� N d � L a Q •� �--� N U +� in a� a� •� •n Y N O i tn L rp •r d � � a � � � O v � � N C Q1 V i Q1 d N +� O � � N C � �� L r6 O L U V 4J � r � c v N C � � _ � �� U Q1 - � ,rtl +� U � � •� � t 3 +� c 3 O � � .4� i-� L •� O r- d rt5 O a L •� O- U Q1 � _C � 1- E O� � ro +� C O C •r Z Q1 a� ro n.n E� a �� O � C O ��•�� a� ro v� > �� 41O O� � r .0 7 O +' � 47 3 •� fo r- � 3 o-v ��•r C rn +� Rs � •� r- a� _ � in C � i c � a� r0 O � C +-' 3 �- �•� O +-' 3 i0 •r � C C E O�•� O O C �•r t � •i .> U +� � N C � N C N r i C 'a .� +' O r C U N o c � U •r C Z aa�r o r- N "� i-i +� i v C � a � � O O � V) U � 1] a1 N r6 i4- >r dr- � •r ov ro v� rn > N f�$ r � � i N t/l � . N i-> i � N a•� � •r v� O E O i i � U RS 7 N � E O > ..0 •r- U d �O t� i v � av �N d C N r- +-� •� i .a R3 C • RS � � '� � Q � d N •� � � � r d C i U r0 o+�v� Q U cn •n i a � •U � Q � U a-+ �6 rn � .� � a N i b N N � i � O U U � 7 Q Q/ O i i � � � +-> N •X N N .0 +-� � O ¢ .L] O •n � C a� � O � N i ro � c a� 3 i d � � � � � .,� «3 � � 7 O U v � � � v i 7 i-� � 4- N E O N d-> ro Q) C N � O E a� i i O � N C ro Q � s � E O U '� N � � a i N > O � .n � i � � .� C 0 U � N O L c�s Q � U C ro i LL. � i-� U �6 d R U a--� � rn C .� � d 0 N �o r- � i-� i 3 Q N i O � O v t 1--- v � Z 7 0 U a� > � � V N X N N 0 Ol 3 a� C rp Q� C .� Q1 a O r � �-+ U � d � U i-� ro � C .� � a in i � a r- E a � � � � N C N O •� O t U a--� 3 � � � a--� b E � � v� 3 0 L � � N � L � O U U � � a � N i-� • C C1 a� w vl i � 7 i O d U � v � i-� b tn > Y •r r6 i o a U f0 i--� Q) cn E a1 O 'rJ U rt3 QJ � � � c rt3 � O �� v i tn t O N i-� � N i c N 3 •r a� o .c �n U +� i r � � 3 o^ � a w � a r d•r O in Q� N N N O ,N i--� � ln �6 � • > N � •i r � d I t a--� � � C � ro a o U C +-� r- O N � � aJ N � i �- �6 N Q1 .0 v N i-� i i O � � � _c O F- U 4- O - � � �r r � � O.- 3 1 � d • . � +� L N � U I.. � r• r � o -o •r- �F t r6 +-� O i i N Ol •� +� � � N I r rt Q N N � # � � Q L L � N a� � E �o o v, U O a� a � o i v n i 7 Y i-� C � v v- � • a � Q1 O C s r- a� +� v � > ++ c a� �n •,- -o a� > �-- Q� C 3 in � � N v O � N t O i � 7 � � O O � U N C) U � .- a a� � a o� � C i 7 � a 4J .- �C r0 �--� � � � � �--� N a--� N L c E +� v •� N O 3 v � i �--� d v C tn N ^ i +> � � � Y O •r �6 U �n o c a1 O U +� U •� � +-� > Q1 VI •r 1] 41 Z 'r7 Q � �a c � � � # Q1 i .� � a i N C � m a--� � N O N > �--� 7 V N X Q1 rn � C � � � � � c a� � L a � N � .� �U � � � O U # U1 O L � C rp � O C 0 � U � L a--� � c O U � C � � Q E a� � C O U � +-� C Q1 N Q1 � L � a •r � � r V rt5 Y � i rt3 �F a r-- O a� r-- V Y •r O r � � i 7 m d * � i � N � � C t i-� 3 c 0 +� � i N � .� O U i N �6 • C N � 41 a� +� i •r r0 r � N d v •r tn U i •r � C O � U E �� c J •r- m i � O n. � r � �o •� C QJ o c y � •� O � � N t6 i � O •� Z �--� i� � � � d � C 0 � >, b 0 a� t � � �6 41 N N i •r rO � � � � � Y i � b r � � c u� N L N i� v i w �- O E N � � v �� +� in i-� � � � o O � i- r- Q) O 3 O t ^ v a� N VI i � � O� O •r- (.� t t� � �_ t O H C'3 � � �, ' ' i i � C � i i O •� vf O O C • i 3 N V- 4- v> � O cn •.- �n �C r- •r r>'6 O G) vf v'0 +� O c C a vi E i•r rt5 O N rti i rt3 i Rf n. U..0 7.C] N �6 7 (J i +� d +-� �--- i� tn O C N �o a� ro ai c� a� i d �n i �� i in � i r- r6 41 a+> > v +� �o Rs +-� o t rtf +� � C 'a i �n +� z�c.- ai a� o v N G1 N U•r w i N N E 3 L cn • � C N �O � �6 7 +� +� o � » d .c •� L ro •,- c �n .- � U •� +-� tn •r •r � � > VI U1 L rC ,- c c a� L a� +.+ ++ 3 +� •r N •r L14- C �+ 0 3 +� L w•�- a� a H i•� a� o ra 3 v, o c +� e • G 1\ 7 C L C� atv E•�- vv o c _c +-� c E •� c •,- ro +-� �O O � L t0 +� a� v s. g ro� � Y N 3 � y V1 GJ •1- i O+-� v N L� s- .- a� +�+ rts +� rn v rts � +-� C •� t0 N i +� t/� C C In C i� aca�oro �o 0 �o o v•.- ro E v s. U •r- VI ^ C d �v CN VI ^rti �n N i N i rp � � rt1 i 7� O d C O .0 � •� n.'� > O -.- C t0 � N� i•� i-� - rti Z i C N+� �O • � +� 3 � �n �a a +� 01•r G) Vf w C) U i i O r- • C•r N i 7 U O r O C t� Q� y a O a O r0 +� � i N U O a N �/f i CJ i 7 � 4- � •� ^'� _ +� Cl O C C 1n C) � i r- � O rtf •� ^ E 4/ N N r- C•r t tC L�F Vf •r r0 +-� C i-� L c v� 0 3 ro o a� •� rts o a �n +.+ •,- c O i r6 E CJ +�+ •� V1 � i G1 7 N G! i r0 - r- U> Q. i i-� Q. +� � � � C t0 rtl �n i� U rC r0 N t G1 �� i C �•� t� v��-+ aG1 O U O� Vf +-� 'C C i i +� Cl C r6 +� GJ •r Q� � �-•r- 41 L C�F +� 4- C tn Q1 i O N•r- 4- c 41 � G7 � t0 LL E r O•r L � � � � W � V Q H Q Z N Q1 N +� •r b �--� d •r r V V �6 r- a +� rt i U «S n� � C +-� r0 C U pJ E a� C L O O i i r- v �o > U G1 •r- � � � t i d ro � ^ c x � +-� N ro t ^ +� v rn c ro •r � v o • 7 � Q N r r N r- � � •� 7 r- Y � N � i i ep i ro rno N V� i 41 E U ro >, c i +� � Q1•r •r O �- f.. 5` •.- N d U d �a x ai v- a� > � y ., +� � C d +� O i •r a v �-+ i V1 RS N 7 U � 3 C L � �--� O N 'a i G O rti �--� d ^ X v � O/ i U 'p •r t � U •r � +� c � 41 O •� t U 1-� N 3 v � U C � � �� C 7 •r a � a� o L i � � o � +� L �O c > Q/ nc o �o • U � C C at a N U Y ��va N N v 3 > C Rf •r tp L V1 C � N O ra •� 41 �-+ �[ i •rr ro>rts � 3 � �-+ ro v r- i-� �O rC C � N i tn E o ra C V O E L � b r i •> � O C O +-� G/ i a. � +� O N � •r O L +� f +-� �O # � i � � �! �� + * ;t� f N v O) � +-� C ro > 'D Q a� c � � 41 w C � � i 3 � 7 N �6 C N a 0 L � c � E � C �6 U a� +.� � 4J � � a� U i•• 7 � O� N 7 41 �--� i U C Q •r �� N C Q� "� N C � E •� > d "p O O i i � p d N U > U i N rt3 4J � � � C C Q1 a� �o a� V � C i N � C i rp 7 Q1 � +� c � �6•rL C � C V a � •� s O in +� i r0 i 1] � > � N /p N i O � �+�� O cn v�•� G� +� � •r tO or N a� a� L o i-+ rt7 CJ U � �n �e c ro aro � N ^ E c v� � � v N Q 7 O .- a �o L r- > +� ro U � L •r }� . U V1 L Vf � �N+-� � � n. �n � no•� I L i N a O U C �6 rC N > � �6 N U L rts c a� C � RS .� v N t � C O O > N +� # N QJ • 3 U C O i O � � •r � o +-� •'- N fC3 �--� N n. C s- •r- o U U �6 •r �C +� "� L �+-s-co o �o �0 3 d tn vf O N a1 vi +-� r-� > N O •r U a i i-� U �6 U ro 3 � M17 i ^v ro v �, _c E C +� +� � rO •r i � C �.N•r Q N � � v � a L C � r� +� N •r 'O L �a 4- r6 > s O 3 rts c� �6 �O 41 %� Q1 G U .L] o •� a i � � � I � � V1 � }-� �1 �n�ac V S� •� O d Q1 > �+.+ c•� �O N L L .- Q» O 7 E c �, V1•r d r N i..l �-.� d G� in N- E C O •r v O N i 1-.� v7 �o •� c 3 � a Q •r +> > C N N v +' +� E ^ r � }.� � � > U � .- �o E a� o +-� E v7 > C O rtS C O U l] �-r V # . � � v > E � O ro r 'O +-� ,.0 i L d t �'f � a +� a� � •r- � O C C +� 3 � N O i� N �- C i '- �C O �O ra n E CJ r-- a•� i � p C ra v re 3 c �O '� �o � c +� � 'O C v +� N +� •r �n E O c+� c � � c o v E �a L E r- � O O d > +� U C Q� a, - a, c i t •r C AJ +> > �o ..c •� V � � � ro c oairo � � N QJ N � �+�� > � Vf O r- ro ai o a� > � t N V E � d N v rot s c +� �n +� O i r V1 d i +� •.- � O in r0 4- � N v m o L � i. N � � 7 d U +� N +-� in C (� �C �O N •�- vZ�•r d -C i F- a� a� c � • U d•r 1 � i X C U 7 � C O C O N r RS V1 � QJ +-� +� N C �n �O i i r6 U O � � d N N r- � E t N C W •r F- tn O # M N � O 1 r 1 �{- � GJ r6 +-� i O O� +� +� �6 N r0 /6 o tJ +-� O c +� ul � i0 l0 tC tn N 'O 3 � C W tn t0 C '0 N N 1� •r 'O N 'O 4- £ C i •r- •.- � �6 N > r C N � O "O �ot c•� s� +-� O �n G•r N � C 3 roo+�o� a� ++ R c� ai v i E i +-+ Q Of i N rC �O C O i +� � •� �F tp O tn O '� C i r i ►r 00 +� � i-� O r N r rtS U �F � vc�o ^ v 7 fC Vf � C � � t0 +� r6 W tC r6 Gl C +� G1 i 7 uf r- O i Q O t0 t0 tn 7 U G1 +� N 00 C i C C O C Q GJ C ^ r GJ E•.-w+>>c C� N r6 N O o v c� �n •r- i C i 7 i� ��vN�u •>• OWL U C � 1n H 7 w �o a� .— v a� � �o w � i +� • �Q� C tnr- Rs ai ro �a +� � i. E Ql .1-� � C 7 C i C •r d �t O Q N X E iC i � N N Z •r C � O> > O O 1� i6 �F C •r i N C O W i•� •r v� �o v > • � � I� 7 i N N C N'C W r6 i N d� O N rt1 �F- E i 1� i �+-+ a�a�¢ N� it d' i 'C t6 +� r �..� �/ r a 3 C1 C .0 •r N 4- o .0 N H300�+� E ` O ea � az �? �� Z? �� i� �Q d � �C N E r- tp X N O i i U d Q a Q � � N N W i •r Q � � r C � � 3 E N G1 i-� t6 b C � � N � N f�j � a� �O i +� Q � a� c E o � •r o +� i r0 r V •> > �� W W � C 7 O U N � M lp r O M M d'�Ol OIOtON rlptptpOl�O O O M N r- M r- ctMOrr-u'f0 r- �o .rn v �n �n � N C O C }� O) rts >, n s c +� +-� N rt3 N N •r i-� O tn Y C> t O.�C � O C i �n V�tl RS C N Rf t6 cno�¢xc�3 v � �r C C d "� ^ O � O c E v> vart�aro i ar- i N O � O� i U ^S O V v i a) rts c� � a E C C ��6 rti�•i � i-� O d N N � VI C Y N � c •r- �C �n i � r-- N �6 E i "6 C E O O U) N �� o � �o 3 Q d �a r i i • +� .� r0 rt3 i rtf 7 > N t +� �n ^ U .- C i � 7 r N d IA N � U +� Q) 3 c .c 4- 4- N +� O �6 O U N �F- Y i y v O U t6 O- i t0 a� � N +� +� • � � � � t0 '� C C U � C O C rtf N V1 •r � -C N i-� U ^ +� G) N i � i •r 3 � � 'fl p•�•�W N � v� O �6 C) • i U > � � �o o � �o w o •r- ra +� +� L ^ N ^ O E Vl C N �F rtf N •r N i��•r = O�•r- E +� �O O E O •r N i U '- i a.- �C �6 tO•U ^ i �p +�caiL� N O > O Y •r N �F {..i i +� 1/l C rO �6 N N E U r- > r- = O v i r r > � d 41 r0 V� U t O i G) X F- a-.� +� a' N W Y Q � � w U W �� d � � a, ro +� � . � � U O C r- E- tn •r i O +-� i Q•� 7 C +-� +� � • N N � Ri tn "O •r- v U UI d 7 � N 7 c +.+ ++ o � i •� �n a N 41 tn • O +� N � i L +-� +� L N a O �6 G +� r O na� vvv i � •r � �1.� i-� 41 i i rt3 � C 4- r0 I..� O N 4- rn w•�NCCL v 'O �n •r •r p i fC � +�+ a 4- � i-� cn N O � U ui N 3 x c �O i U v G1 � i 'O i-� .L] 7 y QJ •U C E O C+� vf �O � V1 •r RS �ca�o� a� s +� r- v > RS C rt3 i N fC O > � i C U Q1 +� d O �F rt7 O in O C +� N i-� +� O � uf U i C� i•r� O rt7 N i N �F VI r VI i-� � r r- 3 N � � ro � > a Vf > r � i cn � �C �6 3 7 � ++ tn +� O � �a�coai,— �— c� a� � s. +� r � +-� U N C U N O�n 3 N rp •� a �n W i i ^ N N w 3 r i � d o O .- Q C X � O Q1 i � vf E 41 N C N �O�F�L R3+� O E +� c � ^ v� O v C � M r V p r � +-� C +� C .- a, vi a � �o +> > a� +� �o Q/ Q+� r r N a ai rts � E E�a�v ^ro O i rO ct L c� rt3 rn�F � Q1 � � � � C •� � +-� O C U 7 O � U .Q N +� c c C r6 N N S �--� V � C C �O f0 N � L � O O C.7 O �+ C H d rtf i a > 0 a � � C1 i V tp N t � � 0 i-� i � d O rn tp N � U O 1-� C n ro L a� > 0 a� � r6 N i U �6 N L � � 0 � i �o d N t1') N N v) � C .1-� •� • N � O 7 'p +-� 7 w +� +.� •r � C v r � V O r rtf O N •� t •r � U 4- r0 N � i -C C O O� rtf O S VI i� N N N N .0 �n fn �--' r0 O U U• N � Q1 +� U s •� c rt3 E N tn � .0 �J N � v 'C E i � •�- O � �� N C N N fO > ro r C � U O r � i +� 7 O rt3 � � � i N '� O t N a +� N N 7 C C ro O cn i Ni-+ N � i-� O• •N i-� VI ^ N N � 7 i r-� � U rt t6 � i 00 ai o 0 ct� N U C7 v� r0 � C N O L U � N � U E 7 O '� O N i N i vi • O �O � O r- C � U •r +� E 7 � � o as �a C i C O 01 �O •� O +� i rn•� a C "C � �u � •a i r6 O +� C 0 a� � •� > O i-� a� ro � d--` U C 7 c Nv r � � C E rni C) •� o � o � � � O G1 +� i i 3 d O � i 7 'Q O.a � •n rt t0 ^ � i� r d � N Q� i-� .0 � C +� 7 � � E +� C rO +� O .� O i +� � •� > +��nc r �O 41 N 3 � O E +� tn rO rt3 Z � 3 rnc o •� i� i r � a � C � � i � O � � N O cn �a � c.7 •� S C "� r � r0 tC3 L r t S- i +� r6 +� 7 i � +� N � •3 � �6 i +� � C tC �O N •E Z • c a� � L C O cn �F i-� t0 N N O N r � +� � L rO � � E •U •rtS �n N U N •� � O > .- i C � > � N rtf ¢ � +-� rt3 • tn O p N t6 3 C � Q. U� C..0 N� O �6 rt1 +� L � +' a i +� � -c 3 ra �� c � � � +� Rs � v d c +� oo � �ca�� rti U U 3'� N m Q 7 �� z N� Q) i-> •r �.- U I i � r-- N ��- �� O O� � i�n �� O O C d C+� N O .- E +-� d I..� o L v t6 a � O C7 rt3 �O '� O � �>+� r- L � � i N i uf +� i i� O C) �+� N N�--� i-� � rt5 N �a a� � c� cn a� c•� � n c a� E z �o c� �n o r- � r- o a� E ro 41 C U i_C � O O tU '� � i i O O Ol•� U a C N L� � b a� c� �, •r- •� s res � c o� ^+� .. 3 a� c x� ro a� ro o +.+ s- Q) � O� N 7 Y C_C �"' � 41 "O > N�- C E'7 �� O G O +-� r0 +� +� C � r0 /6 � O C•� •7 - t6 i 7 C r0 i-� �'O d' N � Q� - N Q� O 4J �'� r O i-� �� O t U vf i i.r p 1 rp •r � � i�C •� i Q� 7 � V- 3 N +-� i•r (p �O fl- 3�--� d L N cn I..� t, N�O J � O�6 E N 4- L O� �� L� i+� r0 +� O ��'r � I I.� r�C O r� C U � r O L N r tn i r" +� 41 r 1n .N U L1 N 41 Y•f0 N N �•i- E � � � d E�C i L�C d N t0 vl �� 'r- �] � N rt5 t6 rt5 d U L E�O O rt3 �� 7 O�Jd O+-� �C•r- N id r t6 N rt5 '"� 1 i J� i-� i i•r 3 L w a �o a� a a� n. ro> . O � Y L Y Y d•� N �� 41 •O �• Y O O U C E� L N N W(n �+��ocoo�roc� �oiU O � W( n J Q� J p] U f n � i� a 1 � E N � N t � � � -x � � � * * L+� o�+� a� � a� ro �n r- t � L L N �6 � F- +� H +� i � O N Z 0 H 0 Z 0 U L7 Z H N X w �� i U V1 a� s- �o E � i-� � N �O +� O i i � � N � � C v � N O O � i N i i rt3 N (J d +� � N i tn � F- U� �1 O C i-� t0 •�! 1/� •� V) • i N 7 O� Vf N i C E c� • v� � N N � N O r0.- N C +-� +-� .a r0 N O fp � •r U � o E o� 41 'p tC •r •r rO Z L +-� +� � � � � � +-' v O N O �6 -C i •� � � l--� fl- G C N +� rt rt .�c d � b N • V i �.- E N c o +� 'v �o •� a� •,- o i V1 •r C � O rnro i. ro•�3 O 1] N U i n. � r6 'D d G X r 4- C O N •r- rt3 � •� i U v +� 41 rti •r i art+-� E4- ai O U •r r +� r- 3 �n i tJ C N '� �- v N > �'D QU � C M N v a� �o •� a� C �L �•r � ^ � 7 � � a.., � ro �-+ t C •� +� r0 �•� r-- N O Z � a--� • r- +-� -C C U •U N O rt O � O) d U � (n 41 'O > :-� O ro�rt�roo t O.- � C � 41 ^ O O O� i tn 3 v �t +� v� � � +� i i ++ ¢ O rtl �+-� N o C a U f L_ p r iU ro�nw r r6 U1 C•r r0 • 4- N r O v� +� a�•�+��•� N > +> r6 U V1 � O 41 �6 � 7 �O �+-�r-z+� w� v .� C N � N L � O � � C � U r6 .� � � � N +-� � � N E E v L ro N U C � V � .� � •� .. 41 i Vf O �6 •r7 � � E N V � •� O > i" N v �6 N N i v� ro � ov 3 �o F- i a� > i N N 41 � i ro d N � � +� O C V1 7 v O C U � C +� � r V d•r 4- N i O C +-� C �n a) v•�++ 2 0 r6 � i N M � � O� N � i Q +-+ �6 C L.� N E c a� N O� d �6 O C � � � C1 > N L � N � N N � � r- -Y 3 i � � n. i N Y � O1 Q v i tn U O E i �6 W U * � � N U � I r i N v a� ++ N � rp nc � N 7 r�- rO VI � > •r C G1 t � +� O i +� E N o � >, i E +� 4- •� +� •C 3 rts 4- a-+ 3 o i ra O i N Q � C d L i O � d �� 3 +� c nY N � a� i-� v� N C 7 U aiox 7 •� N Q' i N rp c �n > ra � 7 ^ � N N "O � •r � N > c �n o �C rti i i d C � O N r N C1 � •r •i +� N •r •� • oasc� d L 7 i.� E �-E 3 � E O N O i tn > U Qf C •� 16 � � � E �6 C t0 Z �C � � r O C d•1- . � .3 r- t �n O N +� N � U 3 U � i O U O rt3 L 3 4- a. O� N W Y Q J W � O O � I = � ,O L • i �n � � r0 +-� O +� +� •.. � +-i •� C � C r C N Q� •r- � 7 E o�o a� O E v�r-� E E �--� O d +� E O N 'r' O tJ � '� �F (J = 'fl C O C i �C L � rC GJ J r- tn O +� rts •,- r RS IO U� VI O 3 Y •� c O O a.� i L � C � C 41 v c¢++ �a++ N � +-� a� a� r- ro t ct L 3 a O� O +� rtf O � U S +� C i-> �d •.- r6 i v� A>�t ai ro ai s ++ +� +-� � r N •� t0 'v �n 3 L 3 c � C � •i O O) (J t •t6 li- U C U i-� +� �oo�n N t +� m � t U VI 1n UI +� ro •� a� a� x •� • o � +-� N +� �n i-� � r N O vi .0 U N a+� d 3 i r Y E �� ai ai �o E o rts >+-�� O vi++ U � •r .tn .ul r- i � � rC r-� �n N N L N r i-> > N •� rtf +-� X •.- > S_ i tC N +� d N 7 +� v �n +� +-� •� "0 N �O �O.a ai 4- � E c ro �n �r- o s �.N ++ N NiNv N C C rC � C � rt1 O r- t•r- a+� � G1 VI Y R5 • '� �F �6 �6 �n c O +� J �/1 N rt O � U � V1 GJ O C i C N i O G) v•� C O .0 •r +� X C O V U rt3 •r •r � � � 3 EE Y � ¢ a v .� Z O � I--� 0 w � \ Y � Q a Y W W � U W U � � Y � Q a W Y U O J � � • i •r O N v +� . +� +� +� U �[ ✓1 RS � i Y �•N C"a 3 C rp N 'D r N C d a� ro ra c ai o L N O-C C • U U U i � +� E rts � N 3 a� ro � c N i-� •r O i i C p U� � U L`6 � r6 i � d�6 N Q� U O a--� d'�+� di i+� -p VI VI N N �. f0 � i C '� • +� � • Q1 O +� C r- �•� �n ++ v � � � .n � ,a c res ro •� ra O 3 >, r- N +� -0 � �t N a� Q1 � +� c� � � 'v �n �n � �Ot� i '6 � O+-� i i+� r0 O i �6 a•� U � > •n+� E a� o �o a� v•.- L v r'- +� N E C C O U 4- s N rtS �n 4--� •r- C C +-� 41 a � � �' O O t E S- Q! v•��+-,•�r-- a�+-+ � +� o ro +-� •� U•r N}�•r+� UI � r� �+� N U�6 t/1 t"O �- C O r6 O- v r6 n�o ro a� E.- t v ro 3 v� r- o� a� +� L c a� ro �n v Q�• r L i d 3 v� O i-� d C 7 N}� av s. a� �s v •� O C O i +..� �--+ � p i-� �6 � i C •r •.- +-� L O•� in+> � N N v 4- O � N C �-�+ ..c � d "� r0 ��+� E N c �n a� ,�� , �o r- L i C+� rtl U t6 rt3 r6 N •�- E •r +� E > s Y +� c E a� +-� tn r6 �n VI N rC U -� Q�O � •� E E i +� � � 3 i Q 7 O•r L v O Z O 3 i •s+�� a) cn L d L VI U N Q� N N +� �n � r6 > i i +� Q� +� 4- i d rtf � C ^ rtf O rt3 � r i �n N i 3 � N r- Q1 N U C� s Y {.� � � r � }1 i N r6 O i r• �O O rot 3 N•� � fl- +� A+� O� t O Ql� i-� N Y tn i-� i tn C d rt rty •r �o L•� a d +.� 4- a) d d � � • � G�•r N a VI N ^ tC r C> � �6 � r- Y r- �o o N rts N 3 c N i t v L O O•� Q E a+.�= �o+�� W � Q � a � w Y Z � m i � �6 "� N � � O 7 N•ri-� i� 'v 3•� o-v � Y > '� � i C r o c+� ro a � i �6 L d OJ +� �- O � C i d � N O Q1 a t tn E +� a--� O +� �6 C �O -C O +� 3 r- c L C f6 •r- m •� v ^ c� c > E �, o +.� •� c aL•�•�-� N O a ++ 3 � r-- t0 rtS r i 41 i U � � O > U 7 N � � a� o v +� � d � •r N Ul O N v w+��F v•r•r O O r- i-� +� ^ p�•,_ v c c c> c �O i•r•r � C •r N VI �i-� +-� rC1 +� �V-� U L i f0 i-� N�O O +-+ rp L n roa�a�ta Q� +-� O � U1 � N 7 c� c n.ov ��o�,c o +� � ro � • V1 i Q d i �n Q1 N X � N i d � � U N - � �+� �+�� a� � •,- c � ,- � • N L �n E 3 > a� c a� E i a r0 C O t v X 3 U V �n U1 N � • N +-� � L • i E �ov ro 3 � �6 v C N N 41 i i rt7 i N•�- U Ol U V1 Ll i-� i-+ �6 O N •r •r a i O � N �n .- �n fl. i-� O � � d � C 4- N C 3-�•� N o C o +� in O� 1] tn Z i O +-� E O •� O a i•r O i+-��F O N U N tn � •n i i � O ro a a� 'v +-+ a� •r- E> 4- C r0 tn +� �-�oro Q��3+-� aU Q W J N w Y C� O J U C O � +� O U tn � +� N 7 i O �C U N t � r- L i rp � � � � V1 C r � O � a in � � N i C � C •r -p � c � i r- v 3 +� O �O � a� i � C7 O L a� � t +� p1 C � •r � � c v ro N i � � � i •� N �6 d i O i a� � +-� C � � � •r 41 � C � 3 O O i N rO � r- tn � ro L � `n . Q t • C� F- - � N ! -�� .Y ti 't ' � I ( J �' , , J' .t. � CT + _ � W 'v7 � n3 !L5 � W �} ��_a c7 : .Y \ � > ,. '.`. .. �. " ... , , _. ` . . � r. ,z. �� s .. ;,, ro �e t- i�- w c,� a;� cu f, � � � �� c L w w z .�r : _, ,+_ . � - �. � _- c ro � � �n � .y � -� U� ra a � i� c, � a� ; � � � �u �, � o +� W � I S- S- . LJ ( , s. '7 -O F-- "ZS � C� G C, Y:' --, . �_ `. � , --+ c.� w I a E J rO 't � � Y_ e � . . , . � '� H I E d � J.-- ,�- "._ � Y� � �Y � � ,� � �� _ � ., _ : � �-' W (n IJ! ? [L rrj•t-'� - (_J :- I., .i RS (i O 1-- ( z G.� J N 7 �y � QL�I } . . .. . . . . • � C� wi ..... �..� ..-� d' iC� <c:� r._... .. � � . .. . ... � � . . . � .. � . . . . . . . : �, . . : : � �� . . .. . ... N � � .� ' . . _ .___ a.� .� __ _____ � . � � � � .. � _ _ � � �. �::,� i . _.a�, � � _ - � � � � _ � � � _ __�----__ , : . � � ` � � � �� + I ' / 3 \' � _ i � ' } �. I J _ � ; _ : , � � -s'-• . " : � �t �@7�� 4 ` �...= ;1 �� ' � , a,y- �i -- �'� -t i ij . W � , , s ,_ � � . , ` � ' � � r -+^----�r�-- _,,. _ • - ,, _ �� ._ . ---,� � ::... ,��i ° �a � t � '� '� , , � - -� - 4. � § k � t °- °_.- f" ' � ' �{ l � � ��. � ' ; � _— --{� F. ' f ..,� s _ {� _ � i � �� , ,� �-d i — � � � ; � _�- .. , i'� � , � ��i (i , , / r � . F = � � , t -- ` � -c{ ; ,� �_ _.' [n '�' � � . 1� � : - > .E `'t' + _ --� r� �, Y ��ir � ; . :A . , � ; : t f � ; �� , , . : - � _ , i � �' > � a / t�, �� , 'j� _. ��,, � � ��- ,,� -.� . . Q ..__.. � y:'.._ "'--� i �.�� "i' 1 t { � ( �� ,.. � '. ; � f A A � �� / ,,, 1 ' � ; .. „ � � ' . ` _ � ' ...�..._. . ml �A yl ,__'._�� _— _I- "'_ i �. �� , , -- - � � . I � � � i � � � �� . �.'� � � ; � _.� � + � �i, � - � � � �+_� s-�—.. - ;i � - !�Y � g R � I,^1 � 7r 5 \��\ , I � . . , , ; e - � : , , ' Z , a �.�' _. L� 3 � ^ � � i a , . t� 9 � �.. � � 'Q ; � i � � , � r � _ �i �� i �. _..— .� - ' ` �' .. _�_,.._! � � � f � 1 � . � � � � = � �{'�1� J � . ` . � � _ i � 1 � .... . . S�� _ r.�. �,�/ _ ..._ _ _I ��-�� _ fn � � � � ._t"_�____,. �_ , 17 m� � � -- ..y.. . �... W.jj "!!: � • '' _� ". _� _ ,} ' \ � � � , _,'"'� , f'�- -- -- � - � � �. � , � � � � ' :� � �J 1 - - : ' ` , � _,�= u< < J , � , � T �`� ; t , � ; r � ., i ; , r _ r,i— � -_ � � = i . , , �_� � ,� , -- i ,� ,-a � , ; 8 � � , F ��" �-e- � -' : _ � �: � o - L�..� � `_ :.�_ �'� � 4..%�''.� { �� $ a LL� � j' � —'*'-'r ✓ ' � ...[ t�S_' e / � ' ; � � . � .p__ ` -r,r„�. � a `� fi -. ar j I j '-E � ,� � I T _, . -------- - � s, � .. �, _ -__ - , . - a � �-e� '� i'.+"`w , � .� � i.. ,r-�� ts. __� � ., I i �i� ) ".'�� iE � ' � �' � ; �'--: / 3 i �_� ` s.� � � , � ,. , __.. �,� � - - g ; �n� �� ,. � -.,. , , , . �� , i �" r t � ; � � € #v � � e � ; � � � � � ` � � ; �, 7 � � f � �, ! . -� C1�j-'� , i � {� � � �_ � � � �� ' _"� � ____ � - � �. , i z._ _ ---� . 't-�,, ,. 1\ --_ � � � c t " `°_ ---- � ( �7 w � ' 7-�7 d q- ' . � �- � i ` � � c' r%�� I i � ? i � �� \ �a � �: 7 w t � x e " "� `� � n ..1 � _. i F � i �4� �� fr_.._ , 1_ � `° ' � s i ? � �-' F � �., z �s � � Q � ` `� � _ I �'-� �� ?' � � � � - �p l "'� _ , i� i � � �"��__� _'_ � � t _r " ,�� `" I � ` . � � � _ � � _ � � � . > `_"ft_'�"..� � 1 �.. 2 i� ;� � � � � � � ;� �k' �� , � � L=_ � �� , - � - o `� �� ° �o �'�� , � - �� t1 - ; � o ' i �� i `f�- � � � i �_ � , . _ � � � � � � �� , � , � w ,� �-�-- , �-� � r. - Q -�-;--- `' - U '-t'� � � � L .� � V � � C .� .a dJ i � i 0 �-+ N X Q1 N N > i a� v i d U � Q N C • N � a. Q1 O r � � •r Q� i L L.L � � � O � O +-+ � N rci U Q1 C � � v � C t6 7 � � ra +-� i C O Q C � � � Q � � 7 N 1 � O � i • t II_ N a--� L � � 3 > +� r 7 � � Q 41 a L � LL i-� N Z rt5 cn � •� • �--� � � C QJ V1 r � •r E � � �� v t6 41 � � a--� N �--� 4J � > C O Z •� N �--� VI N tn v Q1 rt5 � •,- a� � QJ •r vI U C E rts � �o O- +-� i �n i � O O C d i � Q a �- O O Q1 '0 > � c • �o �u +� u � a v O X i •r � a • � i N •r i � � � a� +� •r- � � C '� �6 a--� r � i i i � X O � r v � tn r cn r v � i �0 3 �a � N v o � v +-� n- E L O �6 Q1 41 i. i ._C t d Q� � i-� � � QJ � I v }) � a--� r0 C •N r C N O Z U1 U � O L r- p v t 'D rt5 U C N L �n � N N • C r QJ +-� 4J r L •r- o� �a ro c � �, +� N � � N E E o rt5 O '� � L U Q1 i C O O) Li •� i � L C1•r � • �-J i r � �v o � c� 3 C � +� rt5 rt3 � r d +-> • � 3 t/) Vl � N• � �O 41 tn C X r � C r— QJ � -p � O � r6 i O O vl S- � � E ti a1 •r U +-� 27 > +-� cn C i +-� N Q� V +' +� a U O � � tn � r6 i � L i •r'7 Q4- d•r tn � rC i 4- � rt7 QJ a1 i V +� +� a� a� L c ro c � +-> o a� .� r i--� +-� r i-� �6 Vl V r- c Q 41 v� cn R3 '� +� +� Ct N•� � U O +-� N vl > •r ' � •r L ++ 3 +� +-� Q1 O N in � � L o L •� 'O O r � a � � •� +-� v L +� N tn N L X r6 r +� � r- L X O C O (n � W +� �--� � � * � � • +-� � L i o N Z > Q v � � � O U r C t6 r (, � � E � � � i O� N O Y i rO Q J N � U L C O N O •� � U tn ^ v L U O �O � v 2 � v � N O r— N •r- � i-� C � � N N QJ � � � � L L r0 O �-. �6 N � Y U m o C J +� � N Y r i X r0 W d � � U .� � N t/1 •r +-� -O N X O a1 O E c� � N i Q1 ln O � s- o � � � � •r O +� •r- C i-� O rt3 U U � � 'O r— �J C 0 �6 Q1 � L C +-� QJ � N � •r O � S- O � a . > res E C v rp Q1 C L c � 'D •.- p � � i � Q L S- �--� t0 o •� 0 3 � � U +� •^ � 7 � l� O N � � v � C +� •� •� N i +� � L� � Q � E � E o •� a� U � � � d O •r- E z 3 •� # C � a--' 3 E � L 0 L Q. � > � 41 L a L � � r a� i 7 � � C � L 0 � +-� i O d � Q1 +� • � � � N �L N r6 � b � Q7 V1 Y r L ro a� E i N N � t H � * i O � � i-� C v +� O Q � � L v � � • O r6 N � � � � � � +-> a� VI Y � L X rp a E � � Q1 _C N i-� �U � � v � U +-� L •� � 3 O N C � O S- •r � 4-- r6 O i-� � � L +� a v L r- Q1 L i-� rt c � •r v a� � L r � 3 +� rt3 Q c � M L ^ V GA "0 Rs c a� N O +-� +� O � t/) 7 O Q E +� i <n i O •� O Z a c N �•r i .p vf C 41 ^ O t � V H C N N •r- E3_ . � N �1-� M1Y O� C � i �C �0 7 +-� i � N 7 'p I�..� N C C C RS RS O J i C� C'J +� • i C d tp N i d � N C C t N tO �� N N � i � � Q C 7 r � U �F O C •r- 3• +� � v �� t •r •r +� 3 N 3 +� <n � 3 C t6 O � � � rn r-- ro v � a� Lf N � � N O X � U N �N i .. �OU �n r- 3 3 tC +� ^ O C i r— �o a� a� r- -C O� O N +� rO tF +� c r y-- R{ �, cn o E ra N — } Q Z Q H N � � ■ 0 Z i 7 O � C O U O l0 � ��i s � 3 O � m � rt 2 I N C O +-� N N 3 w Q Q � � � 0 W � � a, c � i•'- +-� •r (O d +� +� rO C C f6 � a1 O �O v �n N N � � +� +� r�- d-� •� tO r N � 4- ^ L tC5 O C U N L i i-� N � ra+�t-p � +� Q C � rt5 fC t0 .L1 a L �C O� N -C N O �F rn a��- "� rt5 O �--� N C d-� 'p � •RS N •r r-i+�3 cn v i r i ai �o � o > C � '- � o v o •r- ai � � "6 "p •r •r- � C "p i..� tO 41 '� U ro ro O� i i C N � +� r- 3 i-+ +-i +-� O rt5 tn r-� v • >, i N �-.� �— N .� rt5 L � � � � 6 � -r r �-+ � � rti t0 U +� � •r- N � }] O � N i E •r � �C N rO a Nm rn L � +� 'a o �. . N � � � � G �r �6 � r RS {� -1-� � •�6 N N � E +-+ i 3 rn a� C U N Q� O t6 47 > r6 U r- � Y�4- �6 � i rti O E � �6 i t0 d � � O � � � i-� _C •r � uf +� v� •r- v •� i C i r � O O RY � F-� Z U > «S i i N 41 N 3 � o �n r- r0 a) t QI i-i C •r }.� E �o i O "O • 4- C � � V �-- C +� N � a�•�v i-� 'Q •> 7 N � O "a o c N O •�- Q1 r-- �0 4- � C U •� �o � �6 � i i "6 (6 � � i 47 C N +> > •r- "� V1 QJ 41 +-� i N tC v � v 3 +� o �--- N � � N v� C � •r •r E +� �O N +-� "� 01 7 � U N O � � � t6 > .0 i �r N +-� i > U N rts Q > N r6 � N � � � t � N I— O E n. +-i • � � t N C +� E O O Q� � O � i �— -p O � C LL. rt3 N v L � 3 N v i � Q) C 0 � 'D C � 3 O � i a� � � 3 rn C L a N � i N i ro N .a i � � � 3 O i 41 E 7 � Z N 4J v � � .� a--� � . 41 "0 +� a� •r a.-� � O 3 C ♦ a� • i tn rt3 N N i i •r- v � 'II L i d 0 � � c t tO +� r-- 7 Q. O 3 � O � � C r6 N U a--� C N � a� v 3 •,- > N 4J L � � rp Q� C c o p •� r N �O Vl v � U C U 3 � O N � � � � r-� t/� N .— � O N �a E Z fp � O +� �-- 7 � U 'O � c .i rp � N r0 � "� O N c a. O 7 � c a� �� t6 Q E � c� O a � C tCf � O O 3 v i � .0 '� C ro a 3 � O N � C b N QJ i � N N � C L 4- � C 0 d. � N � �--� +� N Q1 U C •r- O L � � ro .a � � N L N � i tn N a� N O i a� �n a--i a-.+ C Q1 �--i Y i _ � _�- ��,,,� �- �� ,�. a� �� . ,�� T� � ' ._ � tr �� N t v a-.� r- 01.d C Y O U r-- O � � N � > r- 'O •r- a� o L N � � i Q r�0 •�- U � •r U � r � a--' � i � � a a� N .n � O V7 1-� i tn .n i a� ro � � d � d O rt5 • Q1 m� � � `6 •r- r ,C !n a 3 E a--� � N � • N � 3 N N t � v ++••-t N }� � C i-) Q1 � N � N O �n 3 r- VI t tCS � � Q i � v� O � N � � i p �4-� � � C �-�oo � N � � r-- � +� � r i r O N � C •r C .� Z � +-� N 3 � N ro w' 'D C � i 7 O � C O U O � � N .0 � N > O � Q L a� i-� i � � �--� N � N t a-+ L O Z � a a� N � y � � �6 L � L p� r- v a� O r-- "6 N O •� •r- vl i • v C •� i L O rt3 N +-� U i � d Z 4- � �o o+�� Q� � � C � �.,) v� N N r U Q)� � � �C O -V-� •r C C �O N � •� E aJ N � CJ '� L +-� Q1 C r- d 3 N 3 t/1 O i � r6 v � C +� N V1 fp � � � 4J o E 3 +� O r0I— Rs 3 0 �--+ "O .— r i .a rt3 �'� RS t � N t C d � �6 O � C N � C (d N rti r-- r6 > r--- �- 41 o-� v� � L vroa '� N .n N L V1 x ai r- -o r- +.� •� E+� o � rtS �n O 4- C.7 U O V�'O C rCS � �O r6 C �--� � r-- C a� �a n_ rts > > i V1 r�{ r0 Q) N N > C � � F-� �c Q1 � r6 � � 41 O 41 r d • }� vi O N N O r0 r � N'O i i � v � N �a Rs L r i i N Q4- aa 3 i � O r- i rtS a 7 C - •v c o c ro n � � � _C O 4J U ..c •� tn +� L N 3 y rn O i C � �V r6 a +� � �n - N � r_ N c �� c r0 c.7 N v C • -p r0 :� C i q �7 v .-- _ N +-� •r- � N :[ � N 3 Z7 > � s_ +-+ n7 � N � rts E= c Q1 r- i 4) N 41 �- t �F- +� C> ^ � O) �� c �• � O QI i �--� CD L r6 i. tn rci . � I--- �F N � o� � +: � O � cn O '� •� a� �n �n •� Q1 C U � L O N N �6 U d N N t N QJ }J � � � O N C � o.croo 3 1— � � � L � r0 • • � � i 41 O � > 4- fl-O•� E +� +� ai rt c v L 3 0 � a� v� c� "a 3 � �� #r 1 .. a �` �r... �.� ��li �' ��.� �a �; �.��. � � �.`.�ae � tl �, ,� ; y � � � p � �'� '�..�;�' � 5.� �� ,Y� ��. � � � , . .�w �.. .�� ... � �. N M N 3 N O Y r- C rtf � �6 J O � �� .n o v� O rtf � 3 N '� .0 N Cl �� 1-) O 7 a� Q E o O vi U i •r U d t6 Q� ^ � � V1 C +� t0 rt3 O 3 � rn 1 � N +� C N tn C r0 • �r-g rp N L ^ U � "� � ++ r- 3 �O N OZ•r � � N �� i Y V U •� N•r� > i •� � C d-� C •r N O i li rtf C- N i C i N o ¢ �1-� � C N •r � � +-i •� N N i-1 i •� � 7 r i +� tO d �G i i C � N � � RS RS C Z i-+ N M1Y d N > i Y •r � i i� +� t6 N tO d i Z o.. ..0 i i +� N N L +� i O C r0 Z �-+ � F N J Q � � Q z W i � w ¢ a o� W F- Z � N RS i-� � N �nt� N t N +� d a +� 3 a c tn i t N •r ¢ o+�v� C � � O t6 y OEN v� O -C � N i N +� i '� �F L •�- p� C +' 3 rts � � . r r- L N� i 3 � rts a a ai O tC N i p+.� r- i � U C N tp � � � � "Q rt5 U +� N N O � �i-�M� N 3 u �s N 7 � -O i-� -p•r �r p G) +-+ O1 O � t/1 41 ✓> +-� r •r i � C rt5 4- N r0 O E i n 3 U•� v� N N O X �'� L ,- c o � r- N � N L Q +� 4J a � C i .a a i--i "6 •r C1 r6 C +> N � +� t0 r6 � . N 3 -c o +� c N � N i U) E"� N Q O.� �O C 4� tn � F H V O Q Q � Y � tF �C • a7 �6 O O O G) > �..� r tC3 p. v1 'B •i N � � -O Q1 •r � C L �C � +� �C i N N 7� �, � �Y p v� i U .p •� � c ro rt � L a�� rt5 Q cl- � E O Q cn p i � d •i � t E S n. O • f6 � � � � N N N VI f� � � N -C � t C 3 +� t +� r0 t6 .� i-� •.- v�-+' 3 i a 3 i "� rt�oa�cc N � •r •r N 'O L t tn -C C O O N tC H rtf+� U�1] N �+ a d � 1 . d � L a v � a, +� r-- � � � aE r-3 O• �6 d i� i 'p N C C >�o .� ai � rn N N � i tn � •� � rt3 O > o � c C.'3 N 4- N p C C '6 O rt3 N v) N � +� � t/1 U r0 C Ul tC r- f-+ i i � a..+ +.+ fl- ^ tn O <n c d N 4J t6 rO � � N i +� r-- � i-� .a "6 O � r0 i C O � o c E •> U r6 E U O N ^ U t0 N � � N -F•� N �O •r- v� N i C v � � � � � N E .N � Ei � O U +� �] U � N � N Q� +-� 3 •� c a� �1 r0 i � r-- t0 -C ^ Q +-� • � N tn •r � ••r i O•�-L•� +� rts N ^ Z r N �F- Q •i N O � N d •Rf N VI � i tC tn •� n. i N +� U1 � � Z3 N � � N � rt3 > � 4- • �- O a i-� �c � Rs � w � C N N O t�s•� I- O H +-� N t N ►- a, Q1 .� X r6 v +� a�e E U O •r �� N � N i i N O > � O C i-� 41 aL N � Q C � c Y � t0 > O rt N N t C i-� v d v� o rti 3 � "0 i N •r C rO ••- 4- E ro E X O N L � � Q N �, ai i-� Q) • C i N r6 41 E i- � O �v¢ � C � � +-� +-� C C c/1 �C � C N � � � E� N O a--� �d � S � i O ^ � C -c � N � a--� a o •.- �n N Q N � .� N 4-- I-- � O a, t � � � i 4- i O N � � � +� O � C3 O ti � N a> >, V � •N "p � 3 L 41 N s N � � i '� C7 c � � � � •� C "� O C Q �--a i ^ N E > � ro +� � � � N � � r-- � m �-+ N � � O +-� • � � }-� •r � t/1 J •r a � � E i-� i-� N C i i-� N O v1 "� C 41 •� � � a� �m � O � � � 3 �L •r C� i � 41 N ^ �-i V1 -O N r[S C Q 1- O � d� a� i •r t N 3 �--> > �� C N C O 1] «S Y �F i O �6 a. h N t v +� . U i rtf ooai Z Z i a ro � V1 O N . S t d i-� +-� i 7 C "p i-1 •� C RS �O N "6 4- N N }1 OJ +-� C Q1 C d t0 rC N �1-� a--� N tn i i O n- C Q v � E i � r � L C L � Q � U U C O • O � •� +� O tn � •� N N tn N i tn U O � U 4- U � U tn O � � N � O N U � ti i +� v r- O O� r0 •r � i�+� Q N � E a� a� O r-- � i � +�+ � � U �F c o O � � i-� C �- C «5 •N O E � •r ��-+� i •r � +-� V7 ..0 C +� QJ �6 t i N H+�•r � N i N � U1 C +� � � O �6 o .- •�- v � � N � i N � 41 v L � C) U +-� r N U •r 3 5- � 3 ^ � N � � r- � N vi�nt O O rt3 �n O � •r 3 � L r-- • �> r6�"O 0 � �6 N O L '� i-� X N VI •r •, •. c a� E U tn •r L r0 i �6 r- N E N i r {..� 7 � � � C cn ro i 3 •r- > '- .., � � v in t/1 •r � i +� � 3 �o c 3 i-.� � i �n N cn r- � i i �C d �'� O �6 `�- E O ++ � N C N N'� N rt3 t s N i +� +� � O C � N ^ C Q1 d • � t 'O V� V ++ C Q +� ro 41 • � N cn � �n � ^ "O �6 '6 41 � C O t tn rt3 S.. O 3 ¢ � a� 3 N L � v� � cn i-� i �6 �--- M1S i r6 Q1 �C � 7 t i V Q� � r6 •� L � N a Q1 Ta t N t � � � � � ^ � O E a� i r � � � v Y > O i U p Q� � � C N N � O � N � r0 Q1•r i Q1 Q1 U N C i vf Q� t O Q rt1 d I- 2 cn .c v� � a Q� O c c r t0 •� U 4- 0 ro a� +-� VI N VI C 1- � N a N � � I f� 4- r- X �- �6 d N � �n +> >c G O � N O ra > � C N +� X 4-- N d t �--� N +-+ t r6 F- O i-� i-� N •a�o � � � c v r-- a� ro � � � r tn L � � a� ro N Q1 v i > i v r6 � i � � Y O r6 i O.L] r0 3 oa V1 i w as �O i-> m � i r- O �•�Z � 3 ra vi � N N t/7 O � N i d i V �O O r6 E w N tn"p Y �6 O •� N O L i 3 • rts vi ¢ c V1 O 3 �o Nm •.1n 4- 1 Y N QJ �O 41 � '--� O U d U C rO 4- 7 � � O tn � C c -o � c ro � •� C �o a �� a �Q �n �L '� 2 N � +� �� 6 L �L � :> +-� • - r6 a� � r0 i� O N +� [T C cu •� :> v s= a� .- L a� ='1 � +� <u t - U S_ •r �s � =� 3 S_ 'p 4) C 4- � 4- �o O E ui � rt3 � a ro i. rts �n N "CI td Q� i C: Q� rcf 4- i. O Li � � � N 4.� U 3' a� d U N a a� r- > N +-� L rO H C � M � N L �F- rtl O E N -o a� c •'- �O +-� a� +� •r C i N �O E > a� >� O � i rO a E s- � v . � E E � � N c L � � N � C N o v� � rt � v U i � U L C +� •� N C � • o �- res U r v t6 L a� •.- �a r-- +� O � Q1 t �t +� +� a--� O v7 �n c � •� i VI O �+- � 3 � p �� O 0 3 L . � �--1 i--1 i-� N c ro a� a� 3 a� E � a � � O C �n � •r- v +� 4J > vf . C 4J Q1 F- � � T � � r C v, �c a� o N U Y tn v7 •� rt5 •r +-� U r--- r- � � N m d Q C +� t �n � �o c +-> a� � a� r pl Q� a--� •r 3 c c � r 41 O 'o +� 3 � i C rt3 � O i o a� -n E a� a� a� +� N �' N f6 s- • ,- 3 a� � > • +>� r6 i tn •� r-- 4! aJ � rO � t o � E +� i c tn � o N rts C 2 i T ;n ;-.% � +� C •�t E i N tn +-+ rtl O N •r- O Q1 a i > i a C,7 � +� � i O � �� C O � Q) � t6 �--� -� � � N F--� ^ O•r r6 tn i • �i Q1rai • o a� E > a� � it•� � a� a �n +-� rts E � � � �� v� � a� 3 a� t � r'- O C +� r6 � .vf � � � � Y +-� <n +� N •r !p � �o E ^ a� c 3 v� .- i •� 4-- � � 3 � O O 4- f6 o L•�t a L � UJ +-� �n i � r- S � i tO 2 a N r6 a�� v Q1 7 � d L � cn o� � +� N N m�z �r- � � v •� � +-� � vi 3 ra � rO •r f6 d' UJ +� Ul Vl i C��+�'p C:3 Q1 U i rO i 7•�t• Q f1 N .n a--� � N � E E � � v � � 41 N L O U � O � c rts �--� c N N N i a � • i � v Q1 3 -Y O C O O � O i U � U > �6 O i U7 � � C �s a � � � L i r6 � � 3 � E r- � ^ O �c v � � N E � � }� � > N •r � � N V 3 rts 4- N O- i vl N � > rnro � v v'l � � 0 N E L O �I- Q1 v� �� E � rt3 E c 3 0 O +� N d �-+ � r- c �n o i-� L N O C n. O a•� 3 �-�+ N (6 E � N d +> O N Q. � N d--� O U U N a� in c N •r i U t6 a--+ L N a•� i v � s a--+ � U rO i . � � ..0 � U � � � O r S.. •� � 3 N � � L r •� � rt3 �- � •r � 3 � C O � rO � c v E E, Oi U' N � i � � rts 3 N U rt K- i � � � 0 � a--� � 7 � � C � � � .N i N > v Q1 L • +� a > t •r- +� �n O C � � � rnx � N > � O r i i a •.- E �O •r � i 4J O i k- n! N Y +� i U rt5 N d a �� O +� L L fl- o Z QJ L i-� F- ro � 0 d � C � a� v X � • v a� a� E � O O in r-- v N > L � � '� N N i� N L '� i-� �--� 7 N O +� v tn a--+ rct � +� L •r +� .L] ro � t O a� N L1 � � a� +� i rti N � o C � rt3 a--� � a Q Q 7 � N C t � i-� �- � C O 0 0 3 .. � N t � i-� O N C i �� v O � � 3 � � 0 � •r- r +� � V C v � ro a� � U +� O� C N C rt3 � •r- � O r- C O QJ � O � a �� a� � � N ro ro � N C i6 i U a� � +-� o U1 •� +� � 3 N � N N r VI U 7 i rC3 O 7 r U O O- U N U E Q�•r r6 C Q� Q1 -� N i i i-� i-� � r0 tn "� i C i-� vro�n N N N E � � �• N i ^ C O • c E c� � a--� L r0 U1 U E ^ a� a� E ts � a--� +-� v �F Q1 �1 O > C �, rn 3 �--� � O � r-- +� O � 7 U1 �'O i iO O N E .c � • H-ww�n r6 3 i 3 � N .. � +� � +� rO ra z ^ 3 N O • Y i 4- N U i-� � • t6 N N•r � v � r-- R �� +� ai � rn � � U N �--- N (6 N E v � � a� ro L i � � E� O +� i •� 4- 3 N C � 3 r p .uf i tC Q� i � � � 9 +-� O .cn 41 i N rt3 � � � i C � O +� � N 3 �O Y aJ U L rO �6 .n N E Q � �� i .0 N vi > i rt5 �6 N E� � � t � �--- � .. v v� v r6 O N O i r- - �C � r�- ..0 L •rt� N N � i i ;..+ � � � � E U �� :_ E cu v� RS �� i 'O 4- (U U) O Gl 5- � ai > ci ea � +� �a ai +� s. t �� s_ i i Q i;> > N N � +� O> > 4- 4- C f6 q ^ Q • d +��<u 3 +� o • •U N •r- � �O x ..0 cn N N +� i L (U N ro c s. +� +� rts a� �y �a a� +� E= 3 � N �F -�- +� � t6 >( i O O O � N S_ � +� � � ci � �O Cl Rf +-� O N n1 N � 3 � i � dJ �O N �O S' Ri Q: • .�) VI i in � �6 i +� .0 �6 n3 +-� � N N rtY t � O) Q� � +� s_ c �=5•r RS �F- O +� � > O U tC L =f C • �o a a� s_ ra vi ��+� E� N � � U1 RS r+� � � E vi c � � �� • •� � a� s. a� �a O_C �-� �--� d i-� L C: � t o c> ro �n i ^�F U � i Ul tn � � > Y E 1. rt3 E �o �o �o a > d d i +� L � i Q� rt{ N N .a o 3:�t N L �..i sv aa�v o �"" � Li '- RS +� rc{ � 'O N �; O C .. 'v •� i 3 ro vv�c: � C rtf tCl E ^ O O L ��, rtf �n av � v v C +� �C'� � i rtf t6 i •r a� � c �• a� .n > t0 +� > � �C �� tC C N�n c N N O m •� ro � � �n �o M , e � � ' = �Q UNI ERS�TY_.AVE. J � � n Q ' � � � �a ' � � .�' � W � i� , � 0 N J u a � � ? ` � � � J. .� i- � W �e/� �7 Q � 3 z � � � Q D fl� ,0 � � . Y �W , a' � a � � � � a � m � Y t '� ` z g W .Q'Z .:�t � z�a � x� Q . � - � _ � ,,: Q ; pi� Qz �4 'W �� Woi��w {� u, a Q W Q Z� W} p � �� '� ,� ,� o : ��8- Q o :` Qa � � N z JI�I�:I: '� - £ �° �� . a : � q. � � , � . � ,`�y , _, ° m tL: • N � � � I E� � } . � k ¢� `< � � �" ;,z PROP, ! AIN ST. j1 {`� r } I� ? �, �.a�1// Ir��1—/ �:�; . _ ' � � � _ ..� �. � � � � _ � '-�--r � �� c *� i � ,, . , - � �,�_> ;�p.� r � "'�;a� � - � �� ` �4 � ' ,fr ` � � � 2 � .. � : �...: a � �i �-, �• � ;� �jj < Z � � i ,� ' �� ' � �o' a � � , � �. s ' ��. , � �� ` ,� � � °° +�'" `1 - _ � , t-„�`�. a+**4 , �� `fµ^� •.�-�.+� ��: *"`,�' �q 'k �'�' �,' ��,„ a �� .. ^°`*�.y, 'r , � d. *Y t f ' ' �� .�'° ` �s"��._ 'w#`a�°' � r'� �. � � ��: "�f � `� � �� ,� i g � �� . �� !.�' j f �' ��` � �� :� J � fi � � � �: � , '�" � ] �,� �;�"� � ,� : �� *��,� � � -� � �� '�� ' F' � 3' �="��t � � ' � �3 �:;^� � � `;�� Vi � ' � } �� . , , n� ' , , ��" ° � � � � � f ��` q� � � «� � � �� }" � � � �"� � � � � � � ��'� � � � � � � � �3 � � y ,� :� �- ��.� �� r a � , y� � � � � `` ,��° .F' �'�� ",�,�` � e��`' � €�� ,' � '* � �`d � � ' ,�" Q �' �-� � ��°_ � � � � �"� �.�� '� .�� * � � � �° � �� . : � �'za� �: ;� � . lea. . . � �"' « r N i� � V I � � � � f � � � � � � � � `s ' �� . � � �" '� � 'J�� ` �« � ° '!"�a � �.� � � �.� � � .. ` _ r ,'.r�'/,r� " ' ,�• t� `'� . � ' � � � , � " � � � � � �` M � ;�r � �, ' �- � ' � � � . � �. : � �,� � � �k �,�� z�. ;. � p ,� n ' � � ��"' ,�,' ;� � � O � :��_� � � � .� t �,�� . �, �.� �. z �, N � �w ; . F � , , � L r � � , m � , � �� . : � �• �, '� :� � � • . :, � , ;I ° _��=-=- r ° � = ` .�'a "�� , � � � � � � � � �� ,�� q $ � � ` . � M � �- +I�° �"`,� , _ '��. °`� ,�, � ,�r L� � ' � ��ar.. � �' 7�:� N � � � ' �� . �,� � r . _ � �-� � �. ' ��` , i �w '�� ,r ��. � ' +' LL � '"� ��-+� �,�* 1 � � � � � � � ,� �;�� d�.._ � �'r. O .. * d� ��C . � � � �.vi� � _ ' � O � � T ' ` Z NLL r ��# ��. aa �0�, .y'��. �'�p � .�:tr, 1 �' �' �"� � � f a �' O � � � x'' � � � , 1 ' �`�' �{ a �� '� _■� � � �. �� f' �' � ``�L� �' : � y; � �: = 'r � �": t�� }��i '�' ___. �_ ' 'a �O Cl 01 • N V) C • R5 '� rlY 7 r +-� r- N 'C v> ,i • i N t i N N�..� N Rs I- O 3 +� �n s3 c�o �o +� v � L E •r N • fp V N N 'C � N d d N s ..� ..� i U C. �+� U+� O O O tC rt5 4- L r- U � 41 p1 fl- N N � N > 'C C •r- GJ C� �+� C O 4/ a-+ c 'v c �o � '� N •3 �n �o +� a �n O t0 a. N i-� N .- 3 N �O � +�r O� LL[) tC O N � Q� C �F U •r N O S- C �6 L +� � a� a ro +� � +� C N .�n r— � +� i O _C rt5 O ++ t E i d "O U O • �� E N rn ro i a� C}� r In C N�F r t0 C rp •� � a� N� N 3v rt Y V > � O � +-� i. r tn ..0 Q1•r t6 N +-� t0 O C� a> �0 3 r- rn rts in • C i t i-� N �6 i-� +� N i •�- ++ 3 x �n i i i U O•� t0 O d 'O d rt5 L i N Z i C+� Q v� +� ,-- v �a •r- E rts �+� L. •r d E N C. C Rf U 7 L •r •r 'p � }� +� •L N C +� t f6 N NL RS N+-�� i +-� +� tn r-� � '- N i � rtf +� .i �F U N O C > rtS U O C rt3 4- tO N c ro 3 �F Q� +� N C i i O C i X � O O O � O •r rtf •�- �F i-� +� a i U +� N in t E +-� �n ro 1A N r�•r t�j 7 r- i r-- E N i-� .vl 7 .N O � •� rts o ¢ 3+� Q H- vi � U t6 �F . . � N v� O Q � N N W U 0 a a X � Q � W I H i i-� .3 N � 0 N N i � N '6 N � �-+ Q) C .� .E i N � N � � � • N v N N � � N � t0 C 3 rts r6 N r-- �..i 7 •1- � N i o� � U t0 �� r � 3 O O � � � � � � •� d � � .n � ro M � � � � tp � .3 N � II O N 7 � � .- > rts •i v +� i � _C d r � �1-� •i U •d •i 3 v �F- O X N 7 r-� rO rts •r- > i a� � � .0 •'- L r () .� 3 -c U tp x a i � o �� •N lC) � � O O � N 7 7 �� > > X X •i i � � � � E E N � i rd L V x •i � r0 E Q1 C 3 O r O � v t � C O �v � � � v �-+ +-� rt .� N � .L N v 3 O O r-- r- p � � tp 7 N � �o � >� N Q1 C 41 •� a-+ � � � N � v � t i F-- �O N d c� U Q i � 7 U t v � � t � M N M 3 Q � W H � U w N � ] U LL J 0 t� N 1 L N i-� i U 4- N O i N � C C O �O ++ � L O O d N r�- � r U rtf U 7 E � O i 41 4- L � � r .N . R � N C a� N E �n a� i� � Q1 O V � � N �6 t E i� •r Z t d U id N v � • i +� � �-+ o �n •� +.+ •� r— � �6 U +-+ a) t0 r i � r � � +-+ ro �6 v C Y O v Z- •� s b � F- E rts N N v U V Q C � .i � v � Q1 a [r a, . i � r0 • i-� � •r- d N r-- i i •r N 7 � -C O •� +� U V1 � LNa� Nt4- L +� � N O � L +� rtS 3 i Y QJ � r-- � C �6 O rts 3 C N C •r � ro 3 U i O 'O O +� C L U � 3 �a r w tO +� v i C i O a1 �O •n U rtf ro a E •n s v +� ro � C C O •� r6 +-> t rn� � � � •r N }� Y 7 �6 L C � O O N 3� i v ro �� 6 � +� O U � d C N i •.- i r > O � •� E �� h r � •r N d V1 � O •r -� N t F- a F-- � M � � N Q� • G1 h C • rt5 '� �6 7 � +� � N '6 VI •i • i tn ..0 i Gl v+� ai �o I— 0 3 +� �n t 3 c� o �- o +� U � •i E •r N • (Ci V N N 'p N N N N N t t� L U G..- +� U +-� 00 0�o ro �F- L r- U � � p� �- N vf C v! > � C •�- N O� N+� C O N +� C � C rt5 � r •r 'p N 3 v� .o +� N �n o rts a v� +� Ci � 3 N �o � +�r O t L � t6 O N �- Q� C 4- U OJ O L C �O _C i-� �..t N v Ry +� L i-� C N •v� r-- r- +� i O L rt5 O +� t E i d "0 U p • v a� E N rn rts s_ a� C+� '- v� c N� r- Rf C rt3 •r � N N� a� 3� rts Y U > .a O N i-� i '- v> � p�•r- t6 N +� tC O C 7 d> rts 3'— rn�a v� ' C i .0 +� N tC +� +� N i•r- i-� •3 X �n i S- i U O•r- rt3 O d '6 N�6 t L v Z L C+� Q N+�r- Gl rts •�- E ro Q�+� i•r d E N C � t0 U 7 � ' 'O N +-� +� •� •i 41 C +� t t0 N Ns rtf v+�� L i-� +� ln � � r N i '6 t6 +� .i � U vl O C > t0 U O C r0 4- rO d � � 3 N�- � �F-� N C i i O C i X � O O O r- p � f0 •r- �F +-� +> � •i U +-� CJ N t E +� VI tC N N r �•r t0 � r L r- E � �I-� •N 7 •N O t •r rts o Q 3+� ¢ F- �n � U r0 4- . . � N N O Q 01 N N W V 0 � a X � a � W I H 1 � .� N 4- O N N i rn N 'O N t � rn c .� •E i N � N � r- 'p • N N N N � � N � rO C 3 �a tC N � � � •r- � N i O � � U ro Qf d � r i 3 0 O 4- •--� � O +� � •r � r L .� H ro M � +� •r �--- � � � .j N o\° 11 O N 7 t[f tO r > tp .� CJ i-� •i +� ..c a� r- rn +� •i U •d •i � 3 v O X N 3 r�- � � •� > L v � � � •r- i � U .� 3 -c t� rO x a� i � O � � •(� Lf) �F- 4- 0 0 N N 7 7 � rt > > X X •L •i i-� � rts rts E E N � i rO t U X •i � rO E � C 3 0 O � N t � C O v N N � v � � rt i 41 � •L N � 3 0 O � r- p � � � 7 VI .- t0 r� > "� � N C a� •� a-+ � � � �� N � L L H � N � c� U Q i «S � U L al � a--� � Q1 M Q1 M 3 Q � W F � U w N � ] U LL J 0 L� G1 I .0 G1 ++ i U � v O i N � C C O r0 � � i O O a �n r � � U � V � E w O i 41 N-� t � � r C •� •� � � N C a� N E v� N i� � N O U � i N r0 t E +� •r i � a U iO N d s • L +� � � O vi •r +., •� r— � rtl U a-�+ N �6 r i W � r� .� +-� t0 �6 N C Y Q 41 i •� � rt3 +� F- E �a � N U c� Q C rO i � N � N a N d• i � r6 • +� � •� N �n .- i i -� N � � t O •r +� U tn b i N GJ a�i� t � � N O r- t � b 3 i Y � -C � > c �6 O � 3 C 41 C •� � ro 7 (� i O � O i-� C .0 U � 3 �o � w � +� N L C i O 4J �O •r7 U rti ro a� E •n.c '0 +� rti � C C O •� r6 � t Q� +-i � C � •� v� +�1 Y 7 �O i C � o 0 v 3� L � �6 � i � �6 � +� O U � N C � i •r L r > O � ••- E N r N r � •r N d t/1 •� p •r t d t H aH � M � N d i� • i-� r+� •r •N C 7 N tn to rts E C a 7 N G� O > C r � t0 r G1 +� L •tn > •r 7 N r- v � � �n E 7 i O N � � i +� O 4- �p r U > tO v1 •r C �F N i •r 7 d � o a• c i Q� N d � '6 rn > c E rtt �o m •r- E i +� 4- �•r- +-� O .a X •r v� rts E � '6 +� +� L O � •� � 'v ai a v � � i C O C 7 C �C �I-- rt d-� tO r- �F 7 t R5 %y 4-- +� � � N•r 4- i � vv oa�rts t0 � a G N N +� O vl L N tO r +� O i N C r � C1 C N N d O N N'D i a L N C�• rn� +� ov c aoo N+� O i O•r s U +-� '� 0�+� +-� tC n. U a. in N � �� i U i-� i �- • • a •�- r +� d �F r- •N N 3 E in a� .Q � 7 rty i 7 N C ^ E CO d s U O •r in .N �n X X � i i � t0 �O L O t/� O Q E F- F- ��--� 4- �• -o � � ++ o ,� � +� � a� +� N N � 'r N N 7 7 � U � . W O O rtf '� U ^ r0 C L � �F i-� +� tn O _p � d 3 +-� � ,> � ov o� • o O � C C c�� cn i O� G1 t6 t0 O +� a . Q� r- E ^ i i �6 U • � N � O C 4- •r p� � O <n +� �F •� � �F C • U i r6 O 4- r � � i � rt3 E . �n O � � � � O • U � tn i+� V v� C Q � ^ N N� C 4- N 0.4- � i U1 �O N+� O O 7+� p � C L +� +� Q1 +� a� � 3 � c� � i +� E O 41 7 • �6 O O N r[S r E i 41 � c <n � � +� • o n. c as o � �n •� +.� . � �C v i-� ^ +� tn N U VI 6J i i-+ O1 ^ 4- d � O N N O� O � u1 � N �n � +� U C 41 O �O � tn � r O tn L �p �p r- a� s •� +-� �n a� E rn 3+-� �� i�a � rtt rtS U O r i rt3 L � N •r � Q1 .v� Q� (J i i-� i C� tn N O tn U e- +-� N U i� i � 4- rt w in r- c 3 a p � 41 O in � VI N i C 7 U•r � C N vI _C O � N f0 � O +� � r v �6 �� r- C i N +� �n C c r6 Q� 4- N v1 i r6 N O� i O� •• v ^ O r+� C +� � 3 C 4- X r� C tn ^ O Q O r� {.� � a� c�, � a� ro Rs o .c ++ c ++ � > v •• c.> r- a ro ��o �o a c �++ � •• ++ �c i.-� +� �• � ��o -v v, 4- N i i C � G • C N �6 4- O� d +� � U i-> N�n 7 Z s- � .n a o �+-� ro E++ a� N tn rt3 a •i •�n ,i � �- O O i+� > v1 v O O O �N� p C O N = i +� � .. � p� i �� T rn rn rn.•- � a� � t� +� ro�o •� c c � � +-� rn N 3 � •• � v•� .- �� N +� N 0.. r i n. +� rt3 C�G � r-- 7 N N N � �O f0 +� rt3 i r- uf tn L O s r- •rti � O r- rti O O•r c/> �--� cn Q in cn 3 4- O � F- � o. � �> Lf) I� 00 I� N 1� O � L i R � � N i-� N C +� N � � � � C N � vo>�a � U O r0 i i L d C1 ^O Et �C 4- •r O� N •r- i � p�2 r6 N C d •� ai c � . t � v i-� N •r- � t � rO w � O "� r- ^ C Q +� N ro E C r ([S N .a rn 3 i-� �C i N • X ++ •�- � U) '6 Q1 N i rCS C .N UJ Ql i •1- V t+' Q1E N +� �o .- a 3 i �o X ^ � r- Q) �'-� 'a U r C ^ 4J 41 •O 3 � i � N O r-- i •r � p N 01 +-� N ti1 .� L � ++ ai c 3 rts s •�- 4- i-� r0 "O C O i � rt5 av+� v N > U i O ^ N N � .Q VI L1i-� +-� r0 +� X tn t0 i N O C � 41 U O > � d •r r- r-- 4J t � 7 � U +� tCf U rti C > C t6 �a�v-oc O r- O v) N � � � � C N � � v O i •r . ) , � "o •r- +� 41 E. E C +-� U � rt5 a1 t6 � r-- N B. r- i C rt5 i d 41 +� 'C 3 +-� � L t/I U C N n N s +� i O k- E N � N � ti � O� � C «f i � d > a-.+ •N O d tp � C � i � � U � i � t U N N V .j o • i N Q N i E � �O O N U i � � N � 0 Q � i 41 � ro 3 C Q1 a O � � N 1n � � � � 4- > N i � N N i � � r- E rt �v r- � .> � � � � i �- N d +� C) v tO N i i � � .� O U U N � a� v "6 N • r- i E > •� v o � ++ i V1 Ll ^ %� N N i r0 41 v C +� i O RS r0 •r 3 +� "O rtS � i p� � rCS •r �- N i O fCf i t •r E rnN tCS � L 41 •r a--� i +� i-� �O i N 41 O � � � V v .. tn N U r- r6 t0 i r � O -� r-- O v1 U � �n n. � a� a� o � 3 i- F- � N (�{ r •r I �1 •r i 1� O 3 a� ro c +� a �n rO cn +� E u1 •r �n O +� •r r-- U C � t0 •r •O � r O N O d N d•r O i-> � � +-� U c o � t6 O � i �.-. �-.+ � N i 4- � 7 O • O +-� C U � O � .1-� •r- "O • r +.� C r6 r-- U rt3 �...i •r- 7 C � i '� r RS }� v •RS r- N i E' C• �oo � O > U � +� ¢ v C �O � N +� • N N � a� � � � � rn r- i �1--� .C] 3 "� �/1 r0 O C � U r0 E 41 t N N +� a--� t a� •,- �--� a--� N � r 4- c N O •r i-� a--� G N � �n �O V r0 +� G (� N i r6 •r � O i +� �F..+ Q�•� E N � c '- d U O a. • �r6 �N i � v N N L � _ C 7 � t6 r0 � •• O+�r � �•�� v •� "O U rt5 C a c •� > a� ro O rt3 +-� rti � cn M N � U N vl � •r- � � �o �o N 4! L O i u1 rt3 � Q � O i N • � � � VI RS � 3 3 o i N 1 � +-� O N N •r � � � � N (� f0 Q1 4- r O C •i �O i � r- O v1 +� •r tp r6 r-- C �- o O O •r U V1 +� i � •.- d 7 � d � � ro i � O� +� C 7 Q) t6 .L] • � N V� �O ^ C C r- p �O 41 tC5 +-� i tn�•� � i C � � •� C a�oroo > U i U +� � i +-� r � � � In +� i-� � O � 7 fl-wroo O i N � 'D �- C Q1 O +� C i •� tCS •r O a--� i i-� r0 N � U � r-- N � •r- Q1 i +-� �F- i U •r rC{ S- U � � Q •r" t6 U d 11') � � � .0 � � • E �--� �a c •.- O i r- � � � U RS � E i �� VI •r C O o �n � a O � � +� +-� N C O v U r-- �J N i („) O X E a) v C i rtS •3 N �.a N i C rt � V �6 i-� � o c N fp 41 VI C c� •r- +� � •� 3 O +� C O v •r > i-� •r r0 � C rt5 •r- c� E ^ O VI U .o c +-� +� ro ro QJ � d d N � . � � U .�..i � � i i .� d O O Y H Z C G7 i i •C +-� � rnN � Ni� a a n s ai rts �N � N +� +-� i � � � O 7 y G1 O r- . �� i 'C U � � � � N G1 y.r. t6 GJ N p U.0 r-� V r- i V C i-� ,p w � d '6 G� c�. .. rp 7 C r- C •- ^ � �r �r N r-- � `� '° '�'' N n'i N °' C N > i V1 U �� ^ '� O %+� tF r• �- O r-- 4- �O •r .� � V � d O E i-- � �C 4- •r- O� +� '� C � �--� �F � ,� •� C t6 � O d•�- y •r- y,,, � ,s- �1 C �1-t � � S- N N d N w y �- .. � � � 4-- Q � ' • N � oO v ,�,�yE y O O •r ..0 C C.� a > � +� ,G � � a-'� t[f 7 � +� � � 0��--� � E d GJ � U �6 1•� � ..0 i •i � C O � i � Z 4- � � s' � � 3 E � �^� ''�� t o� o i C N r0 1„ � .a +� N(� a 7 {..t a � i i-� C� R7 � �1 4- O C uf V i 7 r �° O 7 � � O i GJ .r- a' N N Q/ a�� O vr tn p� ' C t L •• �- tn rts 01 i+-� C i-� •- 7 C G) +� t0 O•0 7 V1 t6 t6 Vf O N �- 7 i. +� r- O O i i r U 7 •� II U U O i-� N O in 3 U U .. �' `� � vl a� s N t[) d 04- r0 � C N i�� i�N tn � O +� O•rO •> +� O O in r- O t0 01 •r +� +� •� � 4- � O� C U � U N U (.1 L •N v C i � o .- rn �'v in E a� ++ �.� � •i 7 i .. d 'O _c -� v� � tn t6 U �� i V i #-� r- +� f0 17 �C � U O N vl N 4J Q> r- i > N � •X O � 'a C+a +� C O C•V 7 ,+..i O O t6 i «3 rtS O X r- v� W.— w Q c.� �— 3 ¢ a c� w v ,- � •i tn �F-� v t0 i E M � � � N i t rti 1-- a. � ct a, � ro s •N � N v i � N � � N i i-� f0 C +� � � o a� s � ro +� � 4-- W i � C � O �6 •r C �F N � t t0 i O {.i � � i .- � rtf 4- O� t c�• N O • C � r O G i-� t6 C N 7 �6 •U O GJ O V� N +-> > i uf E i . N v� i N� O N i6 +� in vi O N E� U i i Vl � (6 aL E-C N Q N O t0 d+� O .� �- U O U O� t U 01 C �F f�• +� i � C O C N • � O �C •� • .G) O C s N C� O �n i� +� +-� O t N t0 C) �O 'Q�'r O U N 41 +.� N y� •vl O uf � i � rt5 i-� i•� E r U d � � O N � N •> C U r N N> L t � O •r +� ..0 4- +� i �O i rtf N O +� �O o L n�n 3 n L � � O) rU i C N 47 O �n O �n N � i +� i. i 41 � �'6 t d � O� N O v� � +� "C � N C +� � 7 N C �n N+� � � 3 o c s �n Y d C r O +.� O cn N U O rtS v1 +-� •r d.� L �o � ra ro cn 3 0 � 3 N +� +-+ 7 3 i i i-� i t0 C i +� i ^ d O Rf C 7 }� � N r- +� � +� v v+� v� c �o s�v .� �o s ,- c � o a� a� +� c a �n a� +� c� � � i v U v� N i p� � +' 3 v ai � a, v, v c as . s a.,, v � ,r. E t c c ++ c v� t o E •• +� n U O O r- tC +� N C O N vf (p •r .. y ' " t U • U r In N G� N +� VI V1 N � O +� "6 Cl �6 •X t0 vf i GJ �n � 7 i-� O i c++ c �n �n a N N cn i � O 7 t0 +� rt5 rC 7 N L G) O U 7 O•� L i-� �--� �[ p G) i0 U +�'C U G. +� �n U r0 C r- v'C C L U C Q O •• i N C •• +-� rt1 rt E C N i6 N �o �, Rs n. ,- >, � c 3 • • �n � .. ro ro a > i-� C O +� Q � 4- �O N r in N � p �n •r i- �� rtf O i O U O • f0 'O C+� R7 1- +� � Rf t �O +� RS +� � .�•> � G) +� r f6 Cl � •r r •i •r U r- RS +� G1 C •n +-� •U Vf +� •i t C �O � i 7 � C +� +� N � C C tn C) � N i i � O•� +� +� GJ � d d U r0 7 Uf � tIf O UI 7 � t0 � N N +-> > tn U O i E N ai s E a a E vi � t ra +� Gi .c a� E v ++ rn a+> a� a� �n ai o o E � v+� v c� •n rn ro+-.� N .0 O N O �r t t0 r- t N ..0 N i O t'0 (J C 7� N L C � F- U a � 2 H U W F-- � H a a U F- �O �O �-. ��O � 3•� +� t � .� M M l!') � r N 11') 3 Q a Q W F � V Q W H z W V W � 7 Q z l0 v a, +, i � � � CJ N C i G i� i p� +� i t6 �+� '6 O C O C +� C � L �-- C � d � N i-� N+� 3 t0 C. ^ i 'p O Gl U p r O U t p� � � � E C •i �•r- N O 4- rO c ai .- �0 4- a� +� a � +.+ . o s. �o � v- .c ro i •,- v, ,n g i� i Q�•� +� U t "C i E p �+-� O G. C� 3 N Ql N tF •> tC +� i � i t6 � +� c C E� N o a1 �a c rn �n L N i O�.a� E � 7� C N t6 N i t0 O C tn O +� GJ +� 4- � tn +� r0 v p � � O U ... �� r U a..t 3 L+.+ �s a, v, � a, a� a a �o •r' i � C O i +� O �> p. �o +� rt� n o 3�o o a� +� c� � i G1 t O•r •C v� i d C O C1 d N U N i� +� � 3 N n. �O VI N a�o •.- v �.., .r. 3� N . �6 R3 � 7 r i+� • N d rp r 'O Qf+� a•> O•r i L� i C �C C•r N O d C N i +� +� O rtf .- tn � i C� +..i � � 4"' C •C� ,1-� G O E C ••aJ r6 +� N t0 C C tn E N �6 � 01 i U � r � N O U �+� d ,p �� •i •�6 � C L U i �6 N � � � �O +� N i6 '0 +.� � � �n � 0. rtf +> > C �n �-- 'N +� "C N � C � �O N N O C tn N O vf r-- C r0 +-� rt1 i tF i�r � ��'- �� rt%'"' N C t/1 O � � vf � i6 d L •r a fl- f0 4- G1 i ... , O� 4- ,_ a •r C �'�" +� i-� �1-� 'D rC i +� tC � � i-� G1 � C�•�- rt3 C+� 4J r6 � t r— ..c rn _c ro c �n N 3-+ ra O ++ t� �n +.+ 3 C1 rtS �O ..0 •� VI � 7 N �1-� t0 N N�{-� � N N � �O a..7 � '- � � vl ..0 �C N C N i Cl N f�j w C �+� C L� C � p� i � � O� C C r C•r i C d E c �o ro 4- • N ro � 7 O"� Ur-•r � 4-s �r S' C +� ro a� i C 3 +� � U C r6 vl C +� � � ra - . ., p ,� .� ,— � c ,o .� � +, O i .{.� � p)� • Qf vf i N � 7•r � rti �-+ t0 C ��Q1 r � C� +� d O O� � C C O �— i O t •r O Vl C i-� +� .� •� ,3 O N O•r � O +� tn � Ol O t6 N X i-� X r C i-� +� rtS i N � 3 U N N r � S„ �� .� Rs ai v¢.— a ro > � a i i � N E +� +�+ r-- t a..i � E C) C� 4- �F N O N N rt3 +� I i O rt5 > O�O U Z. •• �n O> > .0 O� O ul � �n •� • d d U a c N U) +� 7 O � � +� +� n. C � �n 7 � ro > � 7 ;,.r �� v N C 7 O•� . r o0 � N N td �— O L +� � O t i N r- >. � C�F d N� •• O � y C 4- .— •• i-i Q •• ��•N O� •• rt5 N•� d rti O E t0 +� a y • •r � i G. C C) C i N -C i t s 'O •i N N d i VI r -a .c •— -� a� N ai v a� a a <n rts ++ c� o O a� L 3 ai o a �o r- c U+.� a� a o E a � Q •� o �n a ro �+ o L �., O t0 O �r- � C +� N O•r- O r6 rtf O..0 �� i X C O C rt3 C C � �+� s �•� v� 0 3 v+� c� � Q+� 3 � Q++ a w�c � ¢ 3 �2 •� ^ � M � � 00 01 Op W ct N r- �s E •r C ¢ r � � N N t � C •r N r�- O s i .� .� � � c � � N i N 'C � 7 O � N U c d .� N n. X N � � • N � �- N •> � ti �a O v1 4- O v � N N i e- •r f� N i-� G1 O C +� � •r 1 C N C O �O O N • �1-> C.7 � L O �n +� �O Cl O Z •� C. N •> •r 41 d-� � C GJ �O � r�- C N Qf C •r- N i-t �o c ro 3 c� o i •� p, C1 v1 N > C � c�. i � 16 R7 •r tn 3 i L t6 G. +-� Gl N i-� i 7 f6 .c L i-� O C i-� +� i i N a� rn N w(�• C t +-� t �--� tq N i-� i6 � i� r-- +� O C C •r �F i i0 C c�• rd O ^ d rtf tC i N }� N U � d-� +� .- �- C i - t0 rt3 0l i0 4- c E N a• O N •r N •r 'p y � c 'v +� ai .� E ro � a. C+� a� +-� •> •U Vl i� r- i O N •tC O v1 d i +� •� +� +� � +� � C C i-� C N t0 i N•r � vf t rO O i> •r0 N rtf i-� r- +-� N •r � N � +� i C +� +� ..� �F U � � O U 7 Q�•r tC{ C y i0 O 7 '6 �6 CJ � .G O 4- i � Rf C O O � O d a� a� +> v o i C �n p� u� y N L N � G1 tO uf a Ero �rtrc cy d � a> >, ro s .- a� r- •r- o.+� E rn o t X a c i +� � CJ r0 �- C1 •r +� C r �O � C t/1 i rt3 4- �p i 'O p O •' N N rtf N U c6 4- N � Cl i> N+-� E Gl +� i-� �O N i C O 'r' N t/1 •r N r0 R7 +� C r- � r VI N •• 3 Q � O •r t+� r- Cl C A ro+� a v+� s. o �� G/ i .0 O i +� � � N •X i� � d +� r � L •N r- N r a � C O•r tlY Cl .G Vl •� 7 O t0 i.� J � to LL ►-i 3 Vl C� t.7 ��-+ t0 v a � � C � 'd rtf E 3 N p � -C N U � +� t0 N �� C1 O � O i � y b � r- +� � �6 �'� � N +� ^ b +� ��- i 7 � 0 0- a v � O N y � � N O ° �"i 3 U N � � i (� p . �.. •� � � � c 4- E +� +� �F b . �N i.-�> � p�•� .� '-� O U+� a"� � i rtf U rts � n � �o r0 i O t� � 3 O .- +� � �-1 t0 C •VI N t C N � O� U tn O E � ro •� a d V1 t +-> > L 3 +� � .- xs o svo � N ' O i > N U 3 N p. U C N rtf G1 U a N•� q" •'' � 7 i ,O > N �n '� z ,� � r0 � L i r6 ro ^ U� � y � i-+ a a-+ r-- rn ra a _c x .. � ,- c � � o� a� y v .� '^ -� •� ro t� 3 ++ a N � � � � C i-� N /n G1 i � '� � � ro E O C1 �..i i +� � � � vl cn O C O � r0 +� C 41 N d r- C•� o •� �e � o c +' +' � E o •� 3 •� '� '� i Rf U +� E L ro E � '� '� '� � +� C.1 O +� +� +� > O RS 7 (J C U V C i S'� �' ¢ �0 � G. 3 N �O M � Ol CO 1� M CO cF 0 � � � � W Q � a =Q� �t � � zz� N � � s- i i� 41 � t0 N N � •� •r +� r- i-� i � � O N t..) i O OJ m N d N C RS a N Y = tp i tC = tO � �6 d CJ N C.1 tn N L e-i Vf 'C C Q 41 C U 'p •r i C � Y C Q O O rtf •r M i �U •r O r-C'3fr- �J�CO 3 W pp Y i ro a N Z •r a G7 �n i +� C N Y +� •f6 3 N i � O H i O i �O OO N d G1 d U U �- C r6 i Q G) d G1 U i �6 L tA � C Q N Y O +� •r i C Y 00 i O rt1 •r- M c c 00 O r U' � �- 7 ¢� Z W m N .� O i N ro a� s a rn c •r � N •X W b � �, a, }� •r � VI N i L L+-� G1 � •� • Y Y O �O � r+� i rtf U i O V� S fn �6 N J d� N d d C v N U) i ��F i C•� C i N -X O� U O O vf U O d Q) U I I C Rf �O Q O r Q N d� Q � � O J r- 3�•7 i C W Z r O +� i-� O O d C O �•r' L.[) v� •r- J r- � N i O �/1 7� N N U � C S O � +-� f 3 Q 7 O U O N eO a� o +.+ c� -c r- o C U i h � G1 N d U 'r" C7 � r0 �'f U t t0 C N N +� (n � N tn �'r' N d C N • r•r i� i C 3� N 2 N N r N U 4- O d O i �L y Y O N >�F ¢ O•� 1n Y U (.7 �C � i U a N Q O +� v � Q J v U O R7 i O N t0 i J� �- Q J N U N GJ p "� "6 U N t Cl rtf� CQ O+-�O C CQ �n N i. N•r O Q C r- rt5 r0 7 N E O O i i0 E•r-O� i+�N r- 00 R7 rt50 O Q L� r- r0 f.- '6 fn N tn L.� �O i�� U U �-r � N N .� O C t0 t � N s 0 e � +� L � N N U i 7 O � � N L � +� � z v d N O a O i d i � � N 7 N O i G1 U U Y Q � � J N + N .0 E O vf r0 O 7 d' N d' I I I � � � +-� �..i Y C C y i 7 3 y rC O uf �n O i d(..) Gl Gl U V i .Y Q +> >1 U r0 � � G1Q .J NO � N �n O E E� O Ea0 t RS 01 C �p � (Jd'r � d't0 N .J � � i C N G) 7 ,i o > 3 0� � o >, +� +� � i-f �C �6 rCf ^ N '- E 3 c H c �a • ro �o a� c a� t • v� +� �o c� i • i t �C +� • O N +� a v� � L N L L � i-� O� .. .� N C C Y OJ 4- > �C N i "O o Y O 7 ^ tJ C•r r 3 r 4- VI O r-- N U G � C N 'O � � C •r N t0 N O rt i 4- i C U O 7 O i-� o N +� O N � N U � U i N � •C +� O � +-+ •O� �•� •r E 4- d � �O v E o o � E •r 'p +� N 41 O r tO N r � p. �� O O) �n ..0 a � a� ai �, ^ E-- I > •r N N I � Y > a� v .— a . � +� N a i +� N N C� C) 7 7 U� +� •r O 3 �/1 O rtf O U o .- - • !� .•r a�n.a 3A N� r C� O t0 4- t �¢ N t6 N i N �F i-� CJ �o +� .� +� .3 �n � 1n • 7 • E H +� O i � 1 Z � O Q i a � c � -. +� a c� o � a� c �, � o s N +� N � }� ^ 7 � •r d (O N .i-i C � Vl i C i � "p Q r N d N E N ♦U ...� > > E N O � +� 'd O O C J i-> � rtf C'S U /--� i N N � t0 i �F 2 00 d �C O � � rn . � .� i rt N N > E O N � 'p i O C O •r rt E +� U L • ^ tC w N +� �F O > C tn O N •� � 7 � O U1 � t6 •r C d N N O L VI �F 'O N N C s- e ai �o O� rO L O �n O N s- E rn d. N C � ^ N t� +� i. r � r N +� "� rtS � O•rt .; c 3 c� 0 L a i +� � N N O1 3 �n •� E a� +� c� •� 1 � � 1 v 7 N r �..� (n tn •i i- r- v N O r-- s. a a.•� X II.Y O W O cn i d N • v v v �F i - • a v-�� a � +� o 7 L V •r N t/1 •r +� art a� n rn � c +�cc� Rs • L C r }� VI r d C rO .� � .^ I L �n a+� 7 O 3 N 4- N r +� i uf •� G1 � - +� a� +� ai c C r+�•r O E � .i � 3 r- � � VI rt3 ^•7 '� d m rp o � � •i +� - . O1 "� •r N +� UJ U tC +� Y C E O r- � E rts o .. ^ O F- C i +� L O O C G i � N • tl E +� +� w a - tn • ^ N •� � O E Q 7 N r •r pp � � ro N C r- W +� N V U Q) W r.0 p d' s � +� i � I- �r 4- a O � � v cn �o c •� w � i ro� � N d N � � C •� Q O ^ O N r r d-� r +� � d •v� i +-� +> > O r O O O a J .> o- E Q1 W O O- O i 'B � i� i O C W a �n a 4- r0 � M � � � v �. � � d v o � N r O t � a ai � c RS t0 i > +� • +� G1 '� C i-� 41 �O - • +� •O i C O- d i-� O GI in U N C +� U .c O A �a +� E +� G/ v � N 'p i N a Y p i .�n t6 +� N �a E +� N N C N U •" N �6 i .�n �n O � a fC � r t0 Q N C � rC N rci - • 3 a� +� N � C N i-� •� d ro c� +� E a� rts a� +� •r7 i tA C � r6 i N O d O E -• E v N 1 vl O � � N U N-• �O C 7 � c o� i w++ �o ,- �o o •� E +> > �6 U 1 •r � U i C � r O N N•r 4- +� U N O ^ �n C c i +� <n � O +� C td •N "O Q C Q1 41 C r N O � � O •> 41 U �--� •r U W S. l0 � 1 'fl \ 1 •� � i� VI N V 7 C Q1 � O O N +� RS U N •r }1 N � N vl L V .0 •'- rt+-F- N� N .G \ � i0 +� N iO.G � t N Nr d-� i N i.� �..� O i ip N4- 7 U� i6 O •'- G N � C� 'G f0' � a� c RS +-� w r � U � +� 'O Gl O 'C •� C� �Cr- r6 N r0 •� E �n ra � 01 � •r- � N i � V) L O Rt t6 �- G/ U N �3iv�w O N p1N+�� 41 07 C •r- +� 'C +-� N E •r- C •r U e6 1/1 r6 w i � � w i C i avr Q1 'r � U +� �O +� � h- C +� r6 N E N i C � O V GJ i C U ip N O N > U i � i C 91 7 N O •r- +� C 4-� 4- rt O C O C 'r N f0 +� N i� N Rf 9 C � .0 i •r O � +� +� �-1 N �n r6 'C N .d 7 C G7 i +� r- i � o�aizro .G '.- +� o r- U 1n p1 N i0 N Rf C t i a- +� N �p N �6 y � � C L +� � O C i0 �6 �O O C • C 'C •r N •� N i6 Gl d-� N E Of C Rf +� •r �6 C•r' i•r� E ►-� � G1 Vl CJ •� N U .� O C O V N O � N 7 'G � d � ro C .� .r. r- N N i N 3 H N > +� ro c L a� � ro m i-� .N N � i L H W N � ] 0 � LL J � L9 r- b •r Cf°�-� i-� N C O •� .0 •r i C }+ +� O_•r- y L �r N � +a X.0 N O N+� N.G t •� +� � ^ i C O v� 'C Rf O d i C� Rf Rf C N d�-- �-- � 'C +� r- o �o � Ow.G O �� O i O r- E � C1 io � E O � GN o r- •� tA U Y ip U O U U > •r- p. R1 �6 C O r-� 7 i o a� E a +� a � .0 •� ^'C Y �6 U C i 'C i •� tp Rf N a�F d +� CL w i asrorav t C i C +� •'- i +.� i s- E O O 0 '� � U z�v ro 4J N O +� O vl i vr � N N r- 1� �O d •r- y +-+ 3 �n ro.c C v� i +> N N rt7 7 U u� �F O • �6 L G7 O N N 'n�s y � O +-� N N 'C ro c.� e s •� ^ 7 +� VI 'C 4- p�r- C r- C O C t �o o •� > o +� r � � � OL+�+ O r-vnirncv, ro c � d c�oNSE'v o �n ac •r N 3 � O �O +� L N r- �"' 7�+� di� � +� C U > tn C �O �6 N N �6 Q C r- •n� N r-� O � N �F �F r�- O O� A Y�'f �--- U d-> •�- rti •� t0 r- C > 7 fp o E +� E N o ++ a� v •� 7 tA 'O N s r-- 'C +� r6 � •r� +-� C +� 10 •r C C L N � i-� d-+ E o .3 a vs a � C N 7 f�y t0 O 3 cw N O G1 i N N Gl O� 7 t i �- 3 ro rts N � > N r fO � v v v i N C/ f0 N +� N •r "p y N � 1/1 C_ t0 3 O N r-- Q/ G Nt > i-� �o a� � � �F- C C O � rtS • N N � � d � � �� tC i y 7 t ro r- Ur-�t i r- •r (> 7 O i 3 d�lL N N N � N .0 1 •V) (.1 +-� � t •E -C N •�O i-� O +� 'G i 7 C O C O O.n r0 N N U � t N C �..+ '6 O +� C i C C � oaa�o � +� c� +� •r- RS U N � C •.� v- �O N 3 'C �F- y +� E �a 4- �o E ro a� � 04- i.0 � U O i-� �1-� .� •r }� N a.0 �c�>+� N G1 r �6 O U tp N � N f6 � ,C rts •n c 3vv �o �O C1 V1 "� N 'L7 N C C N C � �6 M11 G1 r0 rt3 � tn �--� O C tn i 'F-� •r RS +-� C .0 C r N +� � N rt3 U •r .0 U •r- ro 3 �+-� rt L '� •n+� vrn ^�v� t0 C IA t6 7 . r- d 'C N c .c � 4-� c +� O O •� O •r •� N t/1 Vf N � � +� Q� C 7 N Y c C i+.� tn i N•r- N i6 O t6 � � .1-� .{-> dd d-� V/ N N Q Vl •r d i L �X3++a+.� •n N C i v va�vo � ^� E �z �roaro O� C o N c o -c r- � t r N�1 �� }t •C R5 i > �O O a7 O N O 4- N i C�p i O M � �6 � L Rf N N � .y N N d t H Ol i N � E 7 C � � � � i-+ •r 7 ti N � w O i-� N 7 v v N i� rO C .� r. .. N v1 3 � O d r- i-� r-- r- O N �F W U Q W d LL 0 N � Z Q J N �--� � a� i c i-� i � •r- N +� N � � N •Vl •i6 H � E i O � V G1 O > U �•r C N 4- •� y � 'C N O O U rno x � N N 4- d � � � � � O .vf rti G. � � O ^ �- . d �p • G1 N � vf r6 i r-- i ro � � N O O � � 3 t� d Ni-1t�F •r U � � E•� O d-� r .0 Q1 r- 3 � � N " i +� � � i �O +> > O Q1•r- •r- �F N .- d' � •� V1 d •r- i� }�•� D.N �O uf �- O � VI •r (, +� N tn V vl +� VI U •r C i tCJ tn y O N � +-� � •r d v � � O rt +� � � 'r" N Gl Es > >, •� +� a� +� � � Y � � �=v ov Q '� CJ C d .Q 'C N fp b � � Z +� � O C) O � U •r U Y •3 C +� C � N •r �p M1y } N N N •r N � d � .E .� 0 � N 7 � N � � N t U � N t +-� E O i w '� N � � c •� +� �� 3 •� � ai cn +� ai � U v+ v ro � •� � t C I-- �6 n � rn U C r •e- � Wr,U » c t0 7 N i d � � 6 r--- N o �o vr +� i N C +� C O U � •r N 01 +� d U N N 7 GJ .0 L i i-� +� N t O C +� +� O U .3 H �� N C O C r6 �� U 7 'C tC � C W N rtf VI r N 7 U +� C � C tp N N +� +� E tn t0 C r- p. i � •r � V 9 �O •r- O i-� � O C � f6 N J � Q Gl ^ +� Z 7 � � W � N }� tn � N d' 'C 'C Q d•�� i-� i N N �6 L,L +� W W C Y ►r r E �� Q F-- .E O � J ►-i � i U � w Gl Q' ai s w z a� ++ f ►'� N E J 3 �6 •r 4- Q F-- 3 +-� O a 0 i L O1 N �. C uf +� .- i c a> > N > O� O U •� C U {.1 •r �aa� � i r-- r- r- Q O Y i ^ G� O N C O i-� •r r- i C u1 Rf CG •� r6 �� C C .- t0 N N L Y i-� ++ i �O O � O J C .3� i rtf C � N r N E N •N Y r- fp �6 i rtf � tCd � E a� N i N �n Y tO.0 O tO N i-� d .J O c� s i N O fl. a a� E.aC � O r R7 N •r- }� d i +� C �O i N � d O v� .0 � G N +� i N-- C � � O i O N N Z s •r �n N +� 3 � i U E O �C O 3 C i �F C �C N d ��Ot i F- c t0 i � E o r- •r �F • Y i E O a� II. uf t0 O ++ Rf i L •r Q .c rn m �n a � � � � Es•� U �-- r •r •r 'fl .0 U c 3 �o • � � a� N-� +� v O U •r- U � Vl C ^r �O �F' .a N fi� r 7 •� uf O GL � � � 'G N U > C � •r • O N�+� E .� •r- d � 7 i� N +�aai� a 7 o�Eo +-� O O U U N �/l r0 7 N �O � � G1 O N 3 N t N N +� i 3 I� t0 3 � N N d N i t N V � U N +� N � ^ C � N .> O rtf L O •r Q +� i +� •r Q U U � � •r O N i C i +� +� 7 �•r N E N C � O i N � U N i-� t L Y rtf ++ i ++ d' C N O Q � �� C a .E � c �O � +� 7 d' r- C � W d N Nr- Y uf i � Z N N �O O � t6 i t oO 3 d rn rn N M cF � C +� O c 7 G7 O VI U i �� O Y U O C � Q O � �� R ro Y w L O �O d � C t N i-� � i �- O O Z r N � > C � •r � � � i O N � N N � s N � .X ^ N � i-� tn i N � r d +� O r- i � d � U •N �-- � � O � n. a o rn • 3 c +� +� •r i i-� O � � d r •r i C X •r O N Q # � � Q ` ` �/� YI o, � � � , N N '6 L 7 N � 'O i N N N � N v •� L > VI L r- C +� +� O t0 U G1 C t i tn 1- N N +� C • � O • Y �O � L ai c �o 41 t •1- d +� +-� E t •VI O C +� +� •r i L O G1 r VI Z i-� rtf N C U •r O N •r +� i-� U +-� •� C r-� �.t U1 N td C s.v•� v 3•�+� U i-� C �O ra ai Gi •n C i +� 'p rC O r0 E n O tn 'O i N QJ C w > �n ro r i r- � +� 7 a� Rs o +� C U N ro i c C N 4- O � � � .E � O i-� � t[f �1 � a7 N i -v S i-� fO C1 H •� i 3 a� a� w 3 • V ro N N .0 N U � U N •� r0 i +� E � � o r- a �n c �a O > N U N . N N � i 'p .0 O C H � � Q W � Z W U W � H Q Z -p .. C N �6 • i � � �6 +� U N C •� N N +� 41 vi U L N tp H i i d d E• � •� �, N +� � r- N 'O � 3 c� �o � � E �O O � C Vf "O O C U N �O N �-+ r N •N • +-� 41 � C > 4- � N •r O r0 U +� � � � � •� c +� � i V� C r6 N rt5 a� +� � N U 4- r- i �O O �6 v �J 'i'7 L � 'G N N 1-� 3 ro � v1 a� � ai c �n c rtS t O O > +-� d � N � � d a ++ m �c ++ �V-� C N �C �6 N N � C •tn E N +� V1 t� .E 3 N N r r ai � ro �o C •n v� N Y � N O � a� rts ..c a ai ¢ �n +� O i a rt3 � i N t c a� n 3 z U v� O i •C �p p� tn Y � O c� � N � d N +> >- � c � U O •V1 RS N • N M N i � v 7 C uf O �--� 7 L L w O N '� C C i rt3 N +� �--� � �6 �O •r n.+� C � v a, +� +� O � a .� N N > � •.- � � N � i O �- i N N r +-� �6 C U •r N t r-� +� �p •r v 3 •�n +� � C .� a� d � � •�- . � N � a--� c +-� o •.- O U r +� � •� •r- .n � r 7 N •VI '� VI t0 3 N '� �F a v +� c a� ra �o +-+ w �r•r N N � E +� O r � �-- 2 r- 41 t0 a�vs w r0 N Y N 'n C U �s � v o 3 rts rn � N C O � +� v i • � � N N i-� Q1 +� r +� 41 C �' i r f0 •N d •V1 i L r- +� 4J 41 �6 ro s +, V N +� C vf > � � i •� � O +-� f6 i i-i • +-� U t O � v �n r0 +� c� U � N f�j �.0 � +-� v r6 N � U V d w � � L � o � � i-+ � Q' o � o � � Q1 N � •� s a� � vi i�C +� i �� N U r � �"� '� O �--- •N r6 +� C +� RS RS r (C V i-� 41 N �-'r N C � �--� d � Q1 � �E aai N �F C � L 7 O � O r- +� +� i tn +' a� o C N tn > �F +� � � C O � 41 Q1 i 4! � v� �C i r0 � ,_. nv ,-ro w� in L ro E c a� vi � � •� o > o +� vi a rt3 N � �n I--- C .� ?� a�� ro +�rn N N O N O ra+� a ,�� c� � C � rO +-� O O � +-� U � r Q � •r � 41 a� v v ,_ � +� c > � +-� .--. ro '� �- �a A ro c � Z C i ]L C •r �� = r v W r rp E O O E> w E r-- �• U r � r d r+.� � h V �� Ul f0 Q y i N O i-� Y �n N O �n 4- O �n � �O i Z rp 4- O rt5 4- 3 a ¢ 3 O c� 3� M � i 4J � C N U N 7 � G1 i d i N 1-� C C � .. o a� +-� i ro � N �n > QJ •� +-+ i..� •r b N C i N N N i� N � L �o F- N � N ro rn � � � E 3 •� � � a h U ro c �6 � � a� in i-� •r t0 � C � � v E E r �..t N � N O i N VI ; ••- N � ro N � � � N N t � X r- C N O � N W L � W � Q r N � LW r ` W/� `/ � W M� ,r = W � � �7 ` a, U i6 � \ Y d rtf i � C �6 Y Y 4- Y C d rt7 i O i G1 rC --� t6 tC Y ._ �{-� d N G. t0 O� L � J '7 •� N .0 C N E � �1-� RS Y L d L S- U Vl Y t„) �0 O �n O � �O N d Z rr J d' J 39d4JI/3�Nd1SIQ/3WI1 Y N N i qy v c N y V N N b U L � Q \ Y � d' t6 i Y � � N C Rf � Z Y Y � Y 1n N N C C Y �O t6 i O i � � Y � r0 d E J R3 tCf Y Y �O � t i� -� � R7 G. N d �6 �O J •r O� L. 0 i � J J C..) "7 •� i N N t C y vl E G) Y C E +� RS Y L O Uf � C7 t 'N C O � i r-- U N C tp Y U +� � O t0 O Vf O � i •3 R7 N O m U d Z �--� J � J C7 F- J �lIlIgdlIflS 31IS 1�g Q31dNIWIl3 S31IS Y N �../ � i S- Rf O U � d � N L V N vf � � i Q � � Q ��Y d � N Y � � rC i ,C Vl GJ i Y Y 4- Y \ � � t- �6 i 7 Y N G) � C Y i_ d �6 O t0 a �C i O i N N Y •r 7 y r6 E J� �O RS Y Y rC +� O N S' +� d = -� r6 d-. VI d rC rt1 J C� i O� i � i "C J J U CJ �) •r C N i � G1 s � N N Ry � O Y N Y � E +� r6 Y t O N C Y C G) t -Y U +� C O �-- i. V N C t0 O O .�C U 3 � +� 3 O i0 O cn o � i 3 c O rts cn >' J O O� U d Z �-r J � J C7 1--- ¢ U _! � S� I WON0�3 �l8 Q31b'N I W I l3 S31I S � rtY � � � �C3 O 'Y r d N }+ � N � �O O C t N i-> U C d O +� � � � i � � CJ i i-� O •�n � � G) N � Z .E.i � � � i Q � $ N C � � Q � \Y � O GJ 7 t0 N Y � � � Rf i � � �n +� c ro �6 i-� C •ri� Y N G) i Y Y W Y V1 4J N C Y C d 41 � i 7 Y R1 M17 i O L N U1 Y 7 N �6 N�1-� OJ i r6 i-� RS O �6 d E J tCi �6 Y Y t0 i-� O N ..0 ++ V1 C V1 d C d S J RS d N d �O �6 J U i O"O �6 N t6 t Q� � i � i •� U '7 •r- L U .0 3 � U C N i � J J („) N N s c � �n �o E U �O C� N f6 O Y Q1 Y C E � � �O Y � O In C Y G N L i•n i rn .0 •n �[ i r- c� �n c 7� 7 r-- O� � p � C O r- rC � O O Y(J d R7 d N N rt5 Y J G! C� U n. Z �-r � � �� i •3 C O r6 N J d' J (.7 H Q U J M �O ■ X X X X X X X i , � U N . U . . . . . r . i-� O O • O O • • r6 rp (n p � ��; I > C U U O D U O O+� i� • O r-- U X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X O�� U U U O O C} � d� c7 a� �, �, � a v, �n a, �a �a �, � � Y � a a� ro a a� o rts �o ro a� a� • a� a� r-- .' � r ^ r r-- r r r r r W � O� t�l N�C VI V) � Y Y Y � � N'p � ln 'O � � Z 'O O•r E E O E E d O O O C C r- � .�•� CO CO 07 01 Ol Ol � OJ N\ OJ � CO CO \ Ol OJ OJ 00 N Ql Ol OJ 6l 07 � 3 41 i� i r6 r6 C r0 r6 U � C C•r r a i r+� f6 L .l r r-- r r � r N r- r r r CO O I..� c� I..� �� C�� 2 Q¢ G i �� LL � cn � L� � N rt5 �--. Q �� N W O Q) �n d' ' N i+-� L Q r � r" 7 L � �� i-� O O Z rc5 � � C L]- � Q U O C {„� v7 •� � v> 4- L �--� 41 N i O rC V7 �c U �.r y- F- N 3 Y r U N O +-� t O N L Y �-I--� i N 4- •C L •r �G ¢ r ¢ i t6 � L Q1 V1 � � ' r r • r O U Q QJ Z V•� pl� i C � �G t6 L� N i U' � p 7 +� S i�(.7 � d �c r6 N i a� N Q1 � Q1 r6 �n d R7 � tn � � � �[ in t6 +-� 0 tn 4J i U r Z N�- _. O� d O r-- 3 r� 7 i r N'p d� � W Q1 Y 4- � Vl v f6 �(6 Q1 N r N Y}� i d N aI r-6 C.'S 3 r f6 rt3 ¢ S+-� d O r6 r �C O 7«7 •r r0 O QJ Y N Y a Y Q1 Q� i> E O Y L 7 r0 1 N�C > U L1 C C � O� �-O RS r L) d•r N RS O C O'r J -V-� J Y l6 Y r6 Q1 L1 r a¢ 2f (J U rC O� C!3 Z Vl tO �'r rt5 �6 ��•r d ��°r �n 'Q •cn r S Y O 3%� CJ +� ¢ •r in r6 J r6 _I +-� N rt5 2 d' O d rt3 O J � i--� d' r- r-- O) > t6 � O t6 �•r C L•r o23 i C r� +� r- � F-- U i-d J J -6 i U i i cn I i J N S- Q. '7 1 C N Y Y rt3 Y N Q1 'O Y E U�6 N> N^� J t t Y r6 � Z N C N i•r (� ln N r6 � O t0 O 41 ln Ql � w 4l N i O O r O C-d O•r � i r >� O� r- +-� O� O Y i-� W W C E rt3 L N O Q1 E U+� Y Y r�L •r- QY •r i O 47 i F- N•� O o O r- O C r-- N C � rt3 �•r- tn E 3 � �C Q E Z•�- O O O � F- r r- r- v> r0 C+-� t E C� O C L O C E U O O E,C O � L rt3 O L i•r i•r O�•r O i•� C O O O N t rt3 4J O Z Z C d Z 3 r6 U7 7 i•� -I-� U r r6 N C 7 rt7 C 7 rt O r r- O r6 O (n C_3 �U0707 �m�U' F--� U IL �� UI--� a� U' Zm mQ�--� O cn F-� �--� d'L3' JO(n W J U4C0 UQ"7 U J W LLUJ� � � . . . . . . . . .rrr—rr—r—r-r-r- . . . . . . . . � y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r-NM�tn lOI�00Q1 O�N M�t� t0 f�� 61 Or--NM�t Ls�ID Z W Q O� C.J O W L� C72�--�'�'� YJ � Z O a CY � v�� — N N N N N N N �1 I � �. ..— _.._�� _ � ' 7 x � 'q ' .. o '.-.' � _ . . � � , W + .. F - 6 . �� O ' d, W � � N ��. M � � f y a --�- __ " � ' Y _ , -' �r�. j "-L �- .. . . � �� . N W ' �` . � � � -� d ' �.. Q Q N z W W � /� \_ � ; � � , ' �,� 0 J � 0 � > , �_ - r' ` � . . �� U a w w `\. ' ', -, _ ., � _ '.,. � . N ; '� _6°' ' rt � • � . . =, J J Q Q � _ . ;;: " . �' ° Q a � � t�1 a W w � � ' ;' • + � � � I �r ,F � �y F 2 2 ..._� � � � � l �,�..,. WI 0>¢ 0 W N W � ~ ' � I Q Q Q X Q , ;> `, � �m m u n n wQ � ` N r W '.,.....� � �: . _� `.. , .. ~� � �. . . , ' ,. , .. Z � � : J � . � � � � . . . � ��{ - ' �2 Z g 2 .. � . � � ., . � . . I � F � `` ...w , � �s �: , d' � r �� ' �- . , ' ' _} " �c M1� � r. r' �i � '�� _—� N � _ � �__ a �,� ' ?� � _ �S i i� .� � , . -_� ,v If1 � �� ` � '� � ; ; , �� _ �' � � � � �, W :,� . W , _, . �� - � " � �" � ° �� w �� . � � � ] ' ' � �" ' n ;,r� o >�"F M .aY. '� � r��. t7 N - � z. N N 0 , ,. � r. � , . . �, ,: � , oQ , � ��- ' � W i' N � � � --�� z = , o� � W �� , K — z ,- Il Nm - o� � W � z � U � . z, � � , _ �.. _ „ _ � Q N � : �: .. - _ NW}., � '� , _ � � � a z LL J . � ` � � , „ � � , �� : � � � : ° W O ❑ w � ��. � , � _ : . ;a , � a H _ � , W° ONLL _- 1 . _ , � � �, � . � �-- - _- � c t6 V N � 7 � N N c O � N E i O z i N rn R C tO E a� • V N i 3 3 O O � N � N O � � n y Y � i t6 N d � •r .� N � i Y O i Z rtf a t +� N � Y .3 c) O N J y �O N (.1 .0 � N t V +� a� � � � tCf 7 3 r- � N � Q N N N } Q Z Q H N Y � � � � 0 J C d C1 _ 3 � N � rn C .� � c � r v d C 3 0 � U N .0 7 � c Q N > �F Q O � b (� i � � i C +� N U 3 O � i C i rt7 � C • W Q1 • C Z O a� 7 �O C N N � •r ¢ Y � i +� as •� d N i N N Y > U •r O C J = � W (7 Q Z Q � w ¢ ] 0 N � � U1 U N Vl N .0 � N +� rtf i-� i i v� +.+ v �-- � ^ �O •X N O� r N VI C tC Li7 3•�� . +� L O CO ►-� N N �..� � � � c v � •erts..co � t0 N � _p � a� E �u C i N +� N �t > Vl >� U Q � t •� Cl •N p� t r.0 C 7 3 � H � O s +.� � � +� x o � • N N C U O O +.+ �n � � N E i� N N O U N tF � i N 3 � � � O i � O +� i O1 U G1 • N r0 i-� N OO L • i C t. O� +� N N � E N � 3 0 � N N ^ E t � tn N V1 f0 +� .0 cn N N +� � N L i �n i (.1 U �-+ 1- 4- O X tC N N O +-� N +� tn N N c � c�s N i+�•�r+� t6 C Y � � N 1- C ai c v •� � •� N 7 t0 +� ...� i O •r7 � O +� C� � "O Q1+� •r �a �0 3 41 +� i-� O �N r O i� � N r- O C � 3 rts � v> � .0 i O �++i E�o4- +� � O rt7 N cn O 4- N a i N v� i a O 3 +� +� rt N N N i �_C r- v N C d-� +-� i O)+� � N t0 � 3io+�a�3 O t0 C i � N C N U UI L�- C �C U � •r � 3 +� O o 3 � � O C �C 4- 'C r-- •r- � • C r- � ^ t0 •�- N i d C � 3 U �r-OE �r- � o�+.� +� tO i-> +� O N rtf > U +� � i N O v� •i vn�+�ai �6 N �n N �F-� ccv.xv Q�•� •� C U rtf C 4- tC •r i � N N�- t rO •> 'O O � +� t R% � � U ir- �• r-- +� t/1 �6 E E a� ra E c ra ra 3'v �o o N N N •r i i rtf G� i vl +� +� t +� rts vi N t +� N U � U � C � C O � t0 O O • Q N i i.� �- -� N v +� • a� �n . v �F 'O N • �N cn O f1E �--� v> i O O � rC ai s. ��t 3+> N > � o v o s •'- O V +-� i C +� +-� U � rtY O N rti �n O s E r- vl a-.+ .a N G1 �•� r0 a VI 4- i O � •r •� �� ro�r- ^ +� � 0 3 +� -a v i 7 �n > O r--•t Y �r- � +� .n +> >, �0 3 � �� U rt5 tn •r +.� i 'O t0 Y 3 t/1 � O i �n C O O +� 3 �o a� E'v rn +�o.nrn o �6.- �O N O r0 .- a i i 3 C O N N rtS �+� rt3 � N > O O +-� r0 vl 'O C �n +� �n a� r r-� C •r i �/1 ^ RS U d •r Y t/I � •r- ai • a� v n �n +� 41 i-� "0 C1 tn O-r i C •� +� 'O U N N tO a..� N� U �n i +� � � s •�- G) rt3 U �6 � � i � U .- i O C O C•� d' �.a •r �F �6 � � d N GJ � .a i � tp R � ro �6 v� i L � � O � o 0 3 +� L � C +� i '6 c ro L Os i CJ 7 � U N C E �o ^ O r- _C N a N 7 r� ^a CJ N � Q1 �Y �o n v ao•� ar � � a. u� y L Y +� N t%1 C +� N rt3 C N •r- .O O Y V U v v s •�- a c Nt �n rti L i-� � C •r" .n t6 O S 7 a �r i • N L U O • N C i � N N N •i '6 > a N G1 •r E N +� a� O C U t N �6 +-� �n i '� •r +-� � N +-� Z +� a� rt �o r0 i U O t � ��+-�o v � o �+� 3 3 �- � o� .n -a o C N � O � tn ��Lv +�wa�c � N d � C N N N i c� E c� a� rts ro v+� E X 7 C 7 W N •r- N C �� 0 '� v � a� O •� r i 4J O > •n N rt3 "v E � N � � N +� � N E � O a i E 4- O v v� N L •r- ++ N uf � � r �-+ � ro L .0 rti � d � a� O N N i N O i '6 +� •i C i N O U d -� 3 +� o i Q� i C fO O C �6 Q � +� . i Q� N � n•r- O v� i 7 � O- O E s ro � � C d i � i» U tp N rti > .,�, a� "6 i ..0 Q d� � � C rO +'N E U � t/1 ro n i O �+� �-1 r-- i N N N rt N > > N s N +��Q N t ai r- a..� i Rf • v•�+� c _ � N O i-� N � 3 � • 7 � i "O y d d C.0 O � •r i-� � N .3 N c > i O d � a� -a .c v c �3u�� rts +� i � fO N N • U OJ 'n3 O� .NO � C • N C1 O � i U U �O �O v a �n t0 U1 v� � 0 � i C C L�•r N O •r 'p d � �O � O r-�• •L 7 4- i i � O O G1 U � r- v1 N rtf N � � Q i � ro •,- c� rt3 i U r0 i1-•� N C L[) > tC 7 r- o++� O � N N (O s ai • t i-� C N +� C U �- �6 N t � r-� N � d � i v O � �� C +� � � • O N NY ��-+ roY +� C +� U 0 0 C i VI r 04-•r � �� r- Y � U �L ^ .E t0 J- � ro � i� L� a� a a� s= G +� G) •� O � i-- Y i +� N V •r � � O �6 Y N J i GD i a +� �6 ^ OJ co n +� t ai •.- � +-> > >< a� a� � a� �� fl-� U u9 �o •� Rs +� i 3 '0 i L: N Q G1 d-� RS � � i i-� .-- O t6 CL •VI � N c c��ar O 7 O r6 •�• c� o a s. . i VI N •r• }� �rn +�a�c a c as s. � t6 O (J CL'p N r- i Q.�n 'O 4-� •> N vf C C� y r � ai -� +> ul (� i N � C In GJ •r i r- O N � O •� U •r- E N "O i 1 U � •� � Q� i N C i .i N p_ i ^ +� tn 'C •r0 O N r- N i U N N� U d � t N � t � � L � v d-� Rf +� N t i +� "p i +� O N � C Cl i-� �6 rti ^ i f6 d a-+ v�ovs -�n N � R1 i Rf �n � � N C1 7 N G) 'C > � �'O d N N �� i g t � ro � o++ � U (J t > C '6 •� p �o �. c � • +� N rp tlS � -� E �6 � •tn vc vf +� +� N O r0 •r C O •� H r-- t a�.-t i-� � i-1 i-� O_ 01 • � C O C C� N � c v t N Y .0 7 �6 +> > i +� O � n � C1 Rf •� i 'D 3 '� a3 C� r6 t1') �o 'O N � i 0 a N L � C � Y i �6 d N Y U O J v N � � � N O w � Y U .� � C O L.L c O � � N r e0 i � � ro Z N > �-+ � i Q i N � C � F N J Q a � Q z W i � W � a a W f- Z � � ftS fC C r +� Q� � r 'p • N � C �n .N t ro ro � +� t o 0 ^ Z O- � � Y O -C N � � d • � N i C t � '� U O +� d N O E +� N U +� �Cf U U U � X U1 •r rt3 .n N� a' i � i � C � i � i O C N •t6 �O > H�- tO �n rt N � Y N � i L C � � ro � � +� � �G i N G1 r N O i _C rti n +� E � x v> O r6 C � '- �F r C N • � • t6 i ^ N C v i i C t0 �F V� •r N rt3 ,- �e � a� ,— d-� r U Q "O O"C � N a� � �n N tn •� VI �O > 3 "o �o ro � O t i ca�otv+� �t 3 U � i-� F- 7 tA rtf N �F 1n N O ^ N i • ^� f0 G) +� i �n C +-� ro •.- r- � �o c+��a�oON r r a. � � i .a E �o C t0 �6 t0 N �O.0 � (6 � ^ 3� Y 4- VI r +� i O�� n t0 i t0 � N dN•�-E�a�n fl..a N � 7 d � � � Y i-� C �F rt3 � U O O E'- O C N J •� �n i rt �6 N C N C 'C � 7 Q7 Q� O C QO•r i•r 7� i VI tO N O O N �— r0 �oE3 c� r 7 N 4- U `-+ � C 4- O O y � d r�- N rtf N L.L +� N ro t r0 � � � U) 4- C O C � � � C N •d i a � O +� i �a 'v .0 N •r '6 � •r- � � t � � O i 0 N C - E Y N N v� .0 N � i-� i C U r- c E O rn N C i vl •� N '� N Rf C � i •r � m 3 tp i-� '6 "� V1 v C 3 �o +-� O � E C ��•� rtf C .— � Q N 'O a7 �O O i d O U i � �rt� � U � N •r .� i C +� � U C •� O 7 a +� � v v Ns� C i-� •r O v> t r ai +-+ r- .0 •r •� F- 3 � 4- 0 N N V1 � fl. r0 •r � N N +� i �� a +� c N � rC s o +� N +� ..c al •E i-� t •r r a-.i .- 3 C � "O O � U1 7 C �n O � v 3 -o E E O t O t U U �t N� 3 d H a N O � • -p cn Q1 N C p.•r N N Y i N r�- N � � � N 3 �a 3 N i � O N +� O.0 a � N i i O • t0 O i-� �6 � v �C C i i <n 3 �o rt7 N O dY "O VI � N E+�� Y L }� v s �o O U Q C J •r r t +-� • � 3 � � 0 0 +� C E •r tn O > tJ •� N •�- r{-it.� +� t0 +� U �n +a rO r � � •i � O N N N � i +> > 7 U � +� �C � C �O i N � C rts c +� t d X 4- c� v a� o � L N i rtf i rtf O i 7 t \� t �6 'O •� U t C r o a� ra � � c � C t/I "� r- a� ai � � i C "O 7 •r � {-� � t[7 •� t0 U +� Q� O � i � i O �F- 41 L] � VI N v � N � N t w �..� v �p •r 41 � .� �n � O +� t0 "O U C 3 ^ rts �n rC � i E N N v i O� +� rts +� i N O �N�G U N t L N +� r0 i d r i N resoa�a i 4- t RS � � +-� � Q N C'D p.•r C O r6 . Q Y � � V1 i > v �6 N +� i d '� N 7 N ..0 � N U �e � a� o • v .n L � O 'C � • J r � U 3 r-- N i-� i O � � � O U O i-� � v � i v r N d i L O C � d N O O i .Y ..0 t � O i 3 U +-� U rt3 tn �n N E a� Q) i +� ^ Ol Q �6 �--� O� N U � 7 d r rC in ro � v s +� N C N r � E 'C �- +� O C t6 O •r N rtS I..L +-� U a, • C Y O L • � t0 Y Q N� a, Rs a, �� U � v � C L V t0 O 4- Q' N � � C C d O N G > Q� tn Q •r � N �n �, a� •r +-� "O v •� O cn N C i � tO N U > '� O.0 � 3� o i-� U O O +� � � � C v •� �- 7 > � •r C aJ +� r6 > U i a r0 �--� r �F t0 O ^ i Y +� � i C a �O N � d U +� N � v� t�•r- +� o _c � � � C O � i • O � N i i r0 � O �� O)•r d C d � •r O Y C N r-rtN ro v E 3 N +-� uf i rt N � 3 3 c � �--� � E a� vI.0 O Q f- V1 � N c E � O '� •�p a-.+ � � +� i-� C 7 c o0 0 •� � 3 � E "0 • �n C tn •r 41 �O"6t � C i� VI 7 "O d O ^ r- "C i N 7 •� Q� 41 O N v _C U i v1 Q3 •�- +� s c r6 +� U O� a � C i C n.•r ro o a N '� N rO � t N +�� F- i C �a c rts . �• � . N � G.. t0 c/� 7 � � � •> � r0 rtS •r rtS E �, +� N a E O U i � tCS •r7 t0 r6 +-+ E G � N N O�� C > > C � � • �O tn +� �> E +� �n U O uf O ro ro E C a N v� N i t0 V� t0 i Rf O a�--- 3 N E Or- rO +� 41 .�c ro �n 3 Z� �C c t O uf d �C +-� +� rtf a> >, 3 N a� Y i � 4- U t0 C r O � •r "O '- J i-� �O r Ur- �� ^ C fl-O i a� ro v 3 •� � �n o � o O c t � r O v 3 L�•� rn +� ro G) � v N i -C L G1 3 +� �C �-+ rn o Ql U C N �F 7 C O �C O �n 41 n � � � � "° � � f" � � ,.� J W �' � - I ��.� `� � , , 1� 0 : I�. � / �` t� _ �. § � � ' k ,; � J � _ ,r- �_ �" �. � ��' _ } . �. W J' � � �y � � , � � g- a � � b . • : � ..� 0 tI, � w � � � N Z� � � � �,� ;° N N t� � _ [�:�. i V, � N � �� e ; , Z , Q � � � ' ' Ll � �[] r,�� ,� �' l�iJ t� � � � � W ,- � — � - a � ��' n� a �° �� a� Q a� . { + �.� -. � ° ° � d � � J ° , �� a CE{41 RA �i�/1� � . , , a , _.. _ ,�� ' ; T7 �_ + � • �°' ' .,,. 1 y,`�, � �� W F � � � _ � � , . � � ,) � �„ � \�� -_—_ _ � z '�' F Q ] � � �ZYNLLUNOW �` � . , °. , = � ,; ,� W LL ] � e � r �_ - � � � � `�� /p .� � z ¢QQaJa�Q O � � ¢ ,f �'�` W aNU�mNQ� a . � �� ' I � _ f '- � � � � � .. � f ; :_ , � , s�-- J 1�=�i � � � � _ , , ,_ �gi ' .._..�......r.+��J � � � �. LL j .. y:: '- �: 7 :: � 0 � � �. a �'� __ ' _ � mm � ' !, �a;� v � z � 2 � z i m ,.�,�+. ,xa _ € � ��' >� _ �^ �.. � � � n . ° y� �` �� N � u �. � p � a S� ¢ n � ��. �� +� �. �'"�ti+�� _ �#.. ��. I 5 �� ' ,Y ¢ u 0 �P �� ..._ 5 �� ] 0 2 , � �_ �� - / � .,� � �. �- � � , a a a o # �y��-. � 4 0 m m ,� " .. -F � 45 � �, g rf'i+P"'...€ .;s ;� �.., � � . � � .�,,y�3'� �� '�' � r �i.t - ;' .�� ; �. � �. _* { � i _ . � s r , ,'r �. $ t�� _ � � �H, � .. ,� � _ �, � a� _� . : ss = � � y. � .. � .��.: �"� �r� -�g f � � _ _ : ,_,� ff � � }� (� � _ � � � �`�� a�� _ � � � �' , � � � ��+� �` � �� _ �N � � �.�. � � � �� w,� ` ;�� ,. � � ��`, ,� �� vir",,�.�p �� - � � � � � a � a: �� }^.. � � �*� « � � � � � � ✓�, � �.��:� � •4 �, � .�"�'�r _ . g ` ,-,,�,,.' ��: � �'� ��'., � _ � � f � �� ; "�`,,�,+* ,,� �'� � ;�`'� _ . � � � , � E� . � � , � �� :� � - � �� - � s � ,� W �' E' �� _�, � � � . � . �� .. . �. � � ` c„ �'�' �' � � � ` ,v � . N �. N _ � �. Q� J r�� ? � E.. W ,".= V_ �� EL � � J � � � � �� ,�, " � � ,,�� , Q W { ,` , �� Fv z � �� `� �� J .� � �� J *� � �� w�:� � „' Y � � - � �� a,.� Q _ ,�, � � � r �� m — _ g ��' �� a �" a � � V _� _ " � � — � . _ ` � d� t ��.�..� . _ . _ _ = s -� � _ , N r�. � ,�� .� y, _ � � .� . - �� Q � � ... �� e � _ . � � �.t �� £ s � � , � � . : � • � � �' �.. ; ' W � � �� .�,� ,r�� - _ . W � �•� �-�� _ _ I � � ��A�� ' � � _ ,� i � � � � � }5-�,�_ �� _ � ��t�, �` g ° W � U W O � �'� ` � � - . � ��, - � _ � � ��- � � � � • �� A # � � O � � } � � �-- � .. � x,� �� , . z = , `� J UI tL „ �. : s ..... '. , -$ . ' � ? _ ,• - --� �,'«• , . ...�... ��i �� _' "'_�,. � � .�%ib ,%1.1..��.��«.I�� , �,. 4 �. i � , , , , �— . . ,� w .. �� ..� � - �. � � � � � �, ��' � ��,� �. `� �� u � �� r- +� a� o � v � w rn rn a v o �o +' i �, rn +, � � a +-� U N � "a o ro s. � c > � 1� �--� �1-> � p •i rt1 t6 � � b � � � � Ol•7 7 N G � lfl N N O" d t {n �"" v � 'D +� � II rt � N 3 • -v +� -o v� c � in o � n. v> a� O o -Ya� rn �ao ta i�"i ^ O N O p� �C � i N p i L � � N N > +� N a U '�-� � " +� 'a � II C� N d M1Y L C +' a N c _G 3 +� �c i i U O O � o � �a �a +� �n -p �e •3 N Z +� � N �0 N � �6 •i •i > N N � d O� C C 41 N r-- i O � C O O +� +� +� _p 3 U •� "6 O r6 � � N�6 +-� +� N N +� � •L ,i i i-� C � N U i vl N i U U a•r t6 U U•�- i 41 VI O i 7+� •� 7 � �� 4- 41 �n i � ��F Q O 0 0 +� c o 3 c a� U v E E c� a a� o � N v N v r E N t U 4-- 7 +.+ +� � � v� •� a +� e� o w v� � � N•,- +� o ai .n O 3 >, a rts �o L �n L.n rn �n <n > > � +-+ ro a� <n o v >, +.� •.- i 3 � 'o �o rts Q� X +� +� r6 N \ .� 7 r �'� -C t C ^> +� +� C 7 O i a •'- i � ..0 N v1 � r0 O 3 O +� +� ro rn<n ra o r- 3 � � ��s a� v � v �n � rn o rnE •• 33 Loi � � v � � N O..0 O L r- N •r � N rtS 3 4- +� 4- C +-� � i i .p +� 3 O X X r O L r6 7 (C �0 � � G) Q Y O i O N N N � O r- i i-� � N U 3 � � � � � rt3 t6 > U N �6 -x � +� f0 • d +� N O 4- � i i r L[') +� N � t y- � r0 rC N •�n •• r N N N ++ � O O rt •� r d �C OJ 7 Rf Y RS � '- Q' •L tF 4-- t/� tn � U •L �F -I..� � N N cn O O i O O O 4- rtf c t i �"� Y � � c n N J O 7 � �(J 3 N U1 O r- () N t ..0 O 7 r i O 7� U o\° i C +� U +� U E O �Cf • t� J +-� r pp Y 7 O 7 Z•� t0 C U i � rt r6 �F . i O cn E r0 � � �- y 41 N 7 >> r M �C N� Q 3 +� •N 4- E+� �n O � a N+� "a O vl +� � r- rti �O v X X Q� i•r- rt3 O N C tC O ..0 O VI � i r- r II v m F- �'-� •� � Z d� •i •i tp Y � •r N rC N i-� +� Op I�n t� O U �k �k �k ic -k -k �> � �� N Ol N O O rt3 F--- N 1- �� Q �7' O� J O� 4- � � i� i� i� � � 0 � a � �� LL 0 � J �� 0 � � �, c v r- O C aJ •�- r� � N � fC N � r �- •r � f�y X E ++ O O O iU+� Q �-+� N RS i .0 O +� N d .- i 4- f6 •r Q � Q O C +� C O RS •r- �-+ +� +� i •r i O �-- O 0- O � La � O r Q L � +-� t0 � � N � 7 N �6 O .0 U +� � �. Rf 4- 7 Y O U O U C C O a o •r- �Cf N +� N .0 (� i +� •.- tO v N UI 'C7 �o •� y i G 'O � O N 'nr G1 4- N> �r- L d �� N � 'C 'II N C •.- � rts C ^ � N v �, C cn tO rts •.- 3 � � 'B 7 "O C i N rtf i Q1 3�n� O N •r- i i-> � V N �6 •.- U X •� O N • �- O RS .n rn a� a� 7 t i a�F- to 1"" � O a �N QN UQ QQ Y Z� QN v c � i N N +� +� i t w ,n +� v +� ro a� s- a� a� 3 7 N � � O C N +-� d � t N i O �n +� � O i O N 4- fl--C O V +� Q� �n N C rt5 +� O t0 +-� � 3 �n a � � •.- O v� � X � � i N C C rtf O N i-� N r �1-1 t� i a rn •� ai +.� �•��3 U \ 4- "� Nt+� O r�- � i� N CJ i �6 p1 t OJ O N � L � Vl +� N •V� � N t t 01t i-� .0 C +� +� a•� � L r 'C �F C O i-� C H. �O C C N Q N C- X N �n . ai .c N +� N +� i i +� � no•�� c O- H r-' O c s. � O•�t •r-r- �¢+.�+� a� � s�� N � O d r- .- +� c +� �o •E C O i E�a�o.ro O O L d U U i-� '� r- � +�rtsc�rts i�coo3 O O 3 c Q C }� 7 �Q i+� i- O i Q N � O �O _C i C C � •r- i II. t6 Q �1- p +��F ¢� � O� N rt5 � > O i-� C +-� � a c O C v O N •�- 7 i E +� O � i� d RS U r- • N O C � � � � i rO •r �O N a� .x cn 3 ai>++o �nc L � C � O 7 H '6 �-r Q n. i i . � �� tC3 i � o •i � � t/� �1-a 7 tn 'C GJ � 3 4J r- L � N rno i +� rO � N N N N •r U U �-+ t6 i O N d �6 i r- y •�O N > N i t N +-� N 0 � � 7 i-� C C N C1 > v¢ rO •,� �- "� M1i r0 i � N C �n N 3 U � ^ �a � � r- 3 t v rn C •� tC5 t mt C +-� r- 7 .� o . O N � N 1 � t rO � i-� r-- C i � O +� +� � i N o � L Q •X O i a� •n • � � � E L �F H Q O � v i � 3 O • i-� I � N N �F N �C 4- O C O i N U E G� E r- v O �t U C +� N tO i V1 '� � c c N rtf N N E � � � i N N O �6 d N -C i t •� � i t6 O L 'O N U • �-C J N ,i+� E� L i O 4- C 7 U O O .a � 7 � i � N rt5 N U 3 c c v ..� i 3 C O� O 4- t6 •r U i �6 N � C N N r- 3 a > o 0 3 i a +� t U1 �O t �i-1 N N +� � � i O r- � O v� � •r- Z � � N 3 N .� C � +-� V1 i +� •r- N �n t t i �n h- {..� 0 0 � 4- i O U • N �--� � � C r�- v1 N i-� t0 N E �S > C U i m � G1 r r- � t/� �o •� c� � 3 ro "o a� 3 N N C t N }�•r � O 7 r6 •r- �.. O �-- s O i OO i = o-a�N3 � t O ¢ H +� +� N 7 � .. � r- N 41 N L � � �O Q N t � i-� vl r- •� � rtl rtf X O N i O �n i i-� i \ r0 � d � v a +� N U tp i N O � � Q1 C 7.� � o r- rn U+�•Q� N 7 •r- � v U i-� � 3 c� cn O O •r- � N X t � d r- +� ro � 3 ai r C C t +� O � i� C i 41 '� O +� GJ +� i-� O i tn d N N r- "0 3 N i i � �-- O O +-� 1- w��ro rtf i � � � � a� c a +� �C N U r- .� � v +� o r +� a) i �F +� N O O U a v "� i C v� � '� O t0 tC •� i � � b N U N � t d C s +� •n •�- O O.- n-� i L O a � c Rsca�o O�� •r- i-> .0 +� r0 +� i � O�� d N O i-+ C N � � � ro c N N N tp � � r H y •N N t N 3 +� a� O i • 3a�cv� +� ..� O rt! rtS +' 3 a� v o c -C .-. C O 7 I- .- rC N i O .{-t a� � O �--� N �C •� U L r rO a a ro � � O (� N i C t6 •� � � N C +� rts •N r- i o ai 3 t i� � � � t F-- N � • O 01 i-� C r y �--� i ,-- �p o v i d d � ra �-.+ i-- t rn a� � H N O i-� • +� U r0 •� � � � � V� •i •r y � "O U C t0 �6 i � rp .0 N U r +-� N -� a b r- tn t6 � . i r0 N N L t o a +.+ a c +� O N 4- •� H C7 O �n � a� i V1 N •�- � t +� I--- tci U tn • � GJ C i 41 tp � �n > N v d i � i-� i � � .n �n � ai 7 � i �n -C tC N i � .� d C � � � t N C i O rtS • E ai � C '� � rtscro � �6 �1-� N � N 3 L �ooa i r- i..� � �6 c� g C N NL G+-� C� O •r •� N L a r-cai a� o .c � � i ro • o r f� }1 N �n i N r � � � C N O L N • +., � � � Rf +� O O +� 7 +.� C1 O i� Q)t N n3 Gl C� i +> > 7 �6 H a� o a� r- v i O. •r N .0 .0 G. O � F- +-� R7 N N L H N c� i� •i 4J � U �6 i ra t U r •O N • � � C O r6 v1 C •� a, E �--- O � � �6 Y � i i O ro 3 E 'v R3 C O Rf '- a� '0 � c � �6 i a� i6 O U +� � 4- � O O U N i i N 7 d � � � �1 .� .^ t � tp L a-+ tn � N 3 +-� t0 � U v •,- C � �6 C N •.- N n ' , ' � CI� � � +� v o c s • � +� +� o �o U VI U O (p • r Y ft5 v O N C i C� a �o a � N 'O L N � +� d C O �C +� r �6 N � > N N �O }.� � U � � •r N � i� � N � .�n t O N +� n. i � � � O G1 .0 C L G1 U •�O V1 7 7 � C� GJ i E U +� a� o +� � > s. ai v� o w � ai a� a� o � v� � � �� c Rs i d �F +� N r O � }1•r � � � rC O �6 +� aE • > 3 N o ^ N O O i-� i �n +� C C t6 C �n uf � fl. N •v� L �O U O � O U N N +� d �C � N i-� +� +� r •r � 1[f ^ +� � i r N � +� •r N � C r6 r J i-� N �O r +� � t Q �o E � �n • a .- L � +� ^ N i N �G rtf +� N O r N N tn i d Q� d i t0 N i C tn t0 i � • � ¢ •N 'k N Z 0 Q � Z W � � 0 � w o� N c i N � � � d � N 7 41 U •r L GJ > 'a C � N n 0 ai a � c ai a-+ N •N C O c� C O i � C O U O � d U C N LL � n � , � ' ' n ' , � �— — � �s ° - ,I � :t ; �w Q J a �— � � LL � 1 J gJ� mQ Z � �n a LL� Z m? 2 � W� 7 Y 2 j r � 8�fam�� -,. _ - ,,,� � 11 � � �l�I ` ' � �., , zp�W ':..... . � ..... _. �� • .. �2 N � z h W , � � ��f, ' ,. , W ' w N �_ ° ti Q '�a� Q� ¢ud� � � '... a � � J Y� � � av�'o . a. G .. 0 _ � � m h. y m 10 W� � LL °` �; � � 3 Q � U N Q w u ; W Z � LL. W Z �! O � 0 _, W ' Q � � t� � � _ �� _ . � V > v �. � : r �� Z z — m Z � � m � ir V. ;- : d W a� �: `� '�,1 E� _.OF � Q W ' �' ,. t� � Nm ;�, � > , F `�z . W � ' ' � i J � ,,-: � � � _ i - ; ° �r Ci 1- Q : , , t�� _ ��A �-� - ; I � N 0 � . 4Y � — � E � � � �,� �, ,��;.�. � � W � W _ =t . ��f � �. , .�, a �- _� _ � _ :, � . �t��. ..�_. �.� . � � . �. � . , _. , _ � LL � � 3,�, � � � � � � ...� — ,. . � _ �� $ } � a ; ,- - � � j. �� „ _>x: � W , � x � � � - N¢�,��;� �F , I . , � Q � , ' . � � I � � : (� �.. _ � , . � I t z a. , J �, ° _. , � �.� � ��-- ��, s� �� ,� I (� , � .{ s �.�a«a� �.�� - �� = � �� ,� 3 a i � � � _� � � � � �, � `: � . e.y .a - a,�cass �� . � � �Q ,� Y � � �s ♦ .��- � � f" ♦ . 3e�w,,,ea � `� � N LL , �,. -�s.�„�, � i , _ ._ Y , i � 2 = � � �-t_, , � �Q �— � - ---_ _ .� � � � , _ �, ' � - � ' � ' � ' � I � I , � � , ' ' , ' ' Q QC G � � � U i � 1 a , i 1 1 i I 1 li � I 1 � Y i r0 d t � s. O Z i O � N L � N C O •r � v N '�'� O i d � N O V 01 C •r 3 0 r�- O � N L I--� a, . +.� C N VI �O O i+�a-+�E G1 •r- O (J N N •r" � +� i N O .G +-� C.7 t6 a�F U+� V1 -� r- C� 4- p d U •� � t6 C � C i N O � +� N•r- i U L•� C H i •r' C U+� t0 O 41 C Rf •r- U U � O ^ C.� 7 •� •r 'C CJ 3 i N Gl N+� O+> +� CL cc�rncv��n o+� O 7 •r i C •�- U i'O �6 O O i-> i +� C E +� U •r O N N rp U � � .c c �ro rnc O C�'+� 4- C O H +� U C C •�- V •� N •r C1 i }t Vf 3 i� E N �6 Of R7 60N atr- C.G 4- N •r +-� �l'i •r- Vl N 3 O U Y �O +-� N Q v� i � E ^ N N O N a�a�c gro E+� o �c� � Gl •r •� � > N 'p � � +� C i'G C � N Ol U•r N•'- Rf V1 .0 7 Y N � 3 � F- i L d �6 +� t6 i 4- vl G� 3 Vf G O r'- � � C � •r- •r-� •� N O ^ t� i O� > uf U G1 C G1 tn � •r- i L N .G � 7 C 3 � � �F- H �O N i� C 3 Q'� • v a� c� •� c .x i �+� y C i +-� v- rn s- c a� a o ro C r- +� O t � N d rt3 O� v� U+-� i-� ^d +-� p� � N t i tp ^'p d w N}� O iE C C i i L Q C. O i0 t6 e0 � O E� Rf •r- d O Z O i +� ^ c ?�'� +-� RS N O � � � � � d •� �F- C.> •r" 7 N ^ Vl U+� O� � O tn � U i+� U N O�•> N 4) �"� C d G/ � i•n E y CJ i-� Gl +� •r � O •r � � R1 t Q tn i+a O G i i-� �� Q U O �6 Y 7 r � � G. O� i O. t6 +� �'ch d N C C c N O� > H•�3 ^00•r�� i .0 V! •�- U +� ^ � �,�+�s v� �o C O) i+� vl N C.1 41 i �O •r- rtf r6 d t O t O F� N a�+��F-� W N � ] 0 � LL J 0 � .-. a� � i 7 O U N � O S � v � d � '6 � m � C N E O. O N > N � � N � v N •n O i d C O � U 7 i � N � O U d N i 7 O V O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Ot� 0000000 t0 ►A M N V� O� O O O O � NM Ol1')OI�LnCOlO I� �— � oo c� r- � r- � � M b4 C a� Q, a� � i C3 a.i C N � U � +-+ U � �6 �..i i � �-- ^ � _ � O � C� N �p O C v ^ � N �. vf O� M .� � N C \ � O v C i � C O 7 � 1 i i-� O •� +-� "O vl C4 U •r i-t U O r- � +� c> > v� ro 'G i U 7 i C O� i-� 7 i+� �•L �6 C�n N i i� v� � N •r C i� � tn r0 i-f � > O •r- VI � N tp C O CJ tn � O C� �� •� E O U rtf C i L C i U C V1 •r .E.� rt5 i-� N� G.•r- L� C N i G) a N t0 rtf �1-� Ol rt5 r- Rf i GJ L i t6 N r-- U WC.7 F-F--Odtnd C O � V 7 i � N C O U N N i 7 O U t�f i-� O f-- O O O O o O O O O O O O tA N O. 7 %1 � Rf Y 3 0 i p .� S L� r-� � t �� • i •3 +� v N y C � N W N i 'p C7 C t0 � � N O N N •r- Gl N +� I- > t0 r- +� U t0 N C •� � O +� p� i0 d � +� E �a •� rtl O C a �--� +�N �� •r 3 3 N L Q G.3 i ►-� O O O O O O n � O � � 01 •i i � � � O F- t0 � N � N i � Q1 C •r 3 O � 0 �I�- N � � r � N i N '� N � 0 U N � i-� .� � .� N � C .' � y � �-+ .� � o a� o� O O O +-� O �O �6 � � tR •i rtf d i � � � Ot0 O � i ++ a N � O C C� v�oc r •�- rn n+.� C C � N t0 i-� � � C 7 C. A +� � � � fl- E c r � •C rt� c •r- p.•r i-� E C� .- r6 N •C .0 •r N � � N L .0 O �1-> i� d 7 ao ^ 7 t Y N i� i •r Rs ai 3 d � •r � .0 V1 r � � i d tO Qt •r Z I- i-� �F •C p . � �• C N N N O i� N r- r- CJ i �o +��3 �6 � O •i i N U N N 'C i-� � � t0 r- N +� � •N � C r +� P � rtf C U � 7 � 3 � �- � O a ►-� U t6 d � � v i N � t0 t0 r�- � C � � c •r +� tO 3 � � '0 41 t N � a E O V U �6 N � c t6 U O O. O � O O O •�- �� tf) U � 3 i � � O N .� � O O U � S (� i� 3 ttf N � Q t N i-� i i rtS O d Q � v � '6 � O U O O O 0 O l0 :!-T � � O i '0 i rts � O r- � � Y s � Q ai � /0 • �1+� N tO i E Q) �� f� r � i t O a � Y rti � v O � Y i Rf i tp rtf i d N �> 025 C O t� •tn 'fl 'C 7 N rt5 > O � �C K 00 N 0 O O O O � � � � � i N +� N t y O 3 � � c b H C � � C 7 O 4- O i 3 N �� ro N r- 4l '� 'C � N (.7 � tn C tO i r- +� N N +� N C .�..� -� a� �o s E a� tn r � i-� 025 �n "O N r-� N 3 C +� O t/1 U •r0 O ' +� U .0 C V 7 N •r O � .0 � F- 3 N N 7 O t � � C� � t � •r 3 N N � N �v O � .0 7 � O 7 U r U C� C c,� •� •� � � �r � � n,n N � Of L • �o �o 0 i i0 a� o • > n.o t6 E O N O C +� �a o i t0 N O b4 '� S- O •> N +� O � i r- Q a �o � E � v� a� r � 7 Q RS O N 3 • -p i-� i r- N t6 7 O» O '� V 7 Y � V � �o v O C •� O Nt • 3 O � O C � O RS N � O G U O O 7 r- t i � N i-� N N O C t i O H G U N � N O U � O � �6 i � � .� .� � Qi �I, C •r N N � a� � .' i a� N rt C O •N H N N- 0 i a � O O O ln � O � d � � N �-., U � � N � N i N 3 • '� W Gl > > o �o � N rO N N � E N � r � 7 O N U t � N N �F N i--' �F a, r +� � 16 N ^ uf i i +� u� � ai rn 7 Gf+� O L •r �O U I--- 4- r r- N Vr rt . y .� .� O Gl i O t c d •� o+� o � ro O +� E o . v ^O �� N O i C M • +� i6 r- t0 N 64 M C C t1'f O O 4- ^ U •r O O +� � 4- U vl I� O 7 CWT i c v +� � i +� t/� •> O rt7 C rt7�� O tn U 'C N N Gl .� O1 �--- � �1-� C � U •� r ��F+� N i i--� �O N � O �n r6 O- C • U O C tn rt3 U O G1 d N++ O v� t�+� 7 •> 'O i d O �--- +� 7 i 7 VI'p O. O � U O N � U V1 Y �O 7 i� d O tO i� L U d 01 U � C � t E +� ro 'r- N i "O +� O C r-- •r Z O 7 O a�c"o3 > O N O V1 �n � N A N t6 � � i i 7 GJ 7 N Of s O i•� F- U r6 4- � n � C 0 N E d � i� C N � G/ U � Q G1 i i O � � v N 7 N � O � +� C 7 O (� U t6 N c �6 N � N Vf t6 O V � d � Y C i N f6 E � d i U �C V d N N � � . ' � L � ,,, , o c ^ i i rtf U L� W r6 � O O N � � +� N +� i i •VI C VI N � U Ll rtf � '�'� O i i-� r6 � � '� U � r�F r0 +� r- C �n p. 3 � O O 3 rt3 c� 3 rn3Y 3 v�O � O � C O i �"� i � �F � •r t rt3 � C L r-a� c3wE `�ooN a� o� o o O os +� p� � O F-- � r0 "6 N '- in N � � " � � `6 °J � ° °1� o ovo � C) d tn O O O O � O � L tF �� O �i t0 � O O O to ct ^ 4- •r � i � � i-� 3 r N N O M r- � tn O � O N r- •i � � ' a. C- w •• •• � +� U t � I.i C RS C r- N N•r- r- r- N V1 w 7 �'O �O 64 � E L� r +� O N �- N •N � •�6 N t •7 t 7 C ^ VI i � N +� • Q�+� � �•� � i � � .V r- N vf � 7 t0 d O i C G1 7 r- "O � i i � 01•r O•� C� rtl C �� rtf VI i+� � � O 7 7 +-� N o O o O O O � r-- N rC rO v E i C o d� M ct N LA L[� M N t0 rC r- t i �n uf i d C i � t/> C.a U++ N i N f0 �� O t0 N VI 3 ��F i J►"'i 5- O•r i O N O O N O +-� .i +� C 7 tJ � � O n � �6 �6 r O � O i> a E C� � N vi •, i-� � O O O O O O O G1 � 7� rp � O N � N O O O O O O O tn a v � p� a V� O U O O O O O O O rtS O cn a..� c•r- % � V ro � ., ., .. ., � ., v a a� v•� c� E s�n c r- +� +� tn O ct O Lf') t.C) r- i i.0 �n C+-� •� C. � N � N O r- � U� O F- rti tn C +� C O ai a� o .- c v �� a� �•� 0-' E U r- � C X E O� G) i+� N • O N L� b tn uf �•� 3 t0 •� i-� i O O O O O O O rt C y ,- �..� � v s�� N tC O O O O O O O � � � 3 ip �� U i O� d C+� O O O O O O t� c n_ � O i rt7 �� •• •• •• � X �6 L C) t6 O +� 7 •O> O � O O O t.n � O �C N•r tn d �n �� U L[') �t O r N i � � • � � L +� N i-� i � o\° � r6 E al O 0 �''� �> N�> 4- L+� i rts +��ni 3�n�v t0 � vI i 7 N i O G1 i � N N rC � 7 Vf E 4- •� (J � rtf C i E i �n O O O lL i O� •r d C � O N () r- U � "C +� O� U> O� rti C �6 O N Y � •�- i N � N C i C•� � U +� C U n) rn +-� ro E � v� � p O � •� N tn O r0 .7 � � U N O +� �•r � tn d N•r i � C 00 tn N tn U "6 O C ++ O 41 O N N +� N Y 'n N C N+� 7 N RS y N� ° N �6 41 o2S i O U �..� O�� y O U d i C i-� o2S U t6 i U1 U+-+ tJ Vf O �"" �6 � Rf O tn C v� d Q� "� N U U C�•r- � 'r O�- �.. t0 C N 'n v r6 N C+� � � i��F +� � O C •r o25 N tn i-� O'r7 a•r U � n. n �6 r t0 C .� 4J rC � U i� c X uf N i n X O N � (n i-� +� V) t. v a 7 Q� 3•rJ C7 Q r0 41 O� t •d 1 C C 'B i-� • •� N -►� i E o � � c� o a t6 i 3 i rtS O O c+� i t �n d i--� d d � LL d' �--, d a H •r lJ � � ' ' � � f 1 1 0 � � a, �o +� ro t i � •� C 3 ai N i •� a� +� N •� O U � U i O � •r +� C •r y .� a V 'O �6 C �F t6 A � C 4- a� O � 7 Y }� U N r6 � � O 'C +� d 'O N C � N � E E N O V� U i N � s O U G7 > w ro � L O C7 N 3 ro C � O Gl +� L � O ro� G N i G� N C .0 � F- .N � N N i +� ro � i N �-+ a..i C C � C1 �� 3 � i-� i-� N N N � a� Y � H C � N R N N C '� 0 •r 3 +� E O rt5 G1 U i �1-> i-� N In Vf a•r •r VI.0 01 F- � � i t C� Q� N C 7 r- •r O v Y t {-t rtf i-� C � r N f� •r G1 ^ U C � � C � � 3 � •r O �C '� i Gl � \ +� tO N vl E 'C o �o � U �6 C O� C • � •� N C Vl +� +� � i i C •C. N O N � 3a� voa� Y �- 3 }t �L N VI O 'O o c cv � tCS •� C ro t6 ^ C! i � > tn a.., a� •.- c X +� +� N d t0 U N U d •r � •r �F +� i r- 4- •� r p. N U •7 � Q O N i d CJ •� O i � d VI•C N S. i� N +� O N v� N E �C Y U L �N•� O v +� y-� +� c 7 Y 'p c O O N O i O vf N .a 7 t6 i N O� N N � O � N � C 7 0 d' � O i N .a E 7 Z C O• � L N C +� i� t O fp •r +� N r- 3 �o � O d �L!') � � Nna1 i 01 � � • r- C N d O•r-p �c+��c O �- i6 7 t Ln r O � �f� di OD N 01 � C r � O N iO O C G.�'00 ro o o � i00 ^� LL O M r C N � v C� • i6 C C tt' �/I Rf �1�� C •E O� C O C 3� � o H O� N v� C i N t0 Rf •r VI Cl O �6 tn G)+-�O� i r- O r r0 •.- � ul r- � � � 3 �.Gr C�F 3 � N i O +� v� .G O i tn � i c O�nO•� 7 �-+ t� O 4- o rno i d r- y vf O t E s ccr+� O 7 •r t i o �n � U � O rt5 �O 4� � N r- t0 E.c G_N� O+� N01 U �F �C r- C^ O N � N i i C U C1 a� ^ o c v L � tn •r •r +� }� �6 N •r- G) 'O C +� r N � O U •r 3 V � U �F O 'r> t0 � t � O 4- �O tA r- i t �r- a� I � 3 r d fC3 O O Cr- N H �O a3 tO d w O C O •N .' � 1 N � L C a4 �F-� G1 O � n � � � i� i� •r- N V! i N 7 ^ Q�'C � � � 3 � 7 N fCf � tO � a i ^ t6 �F V�'O O � C C �6 �E 7i-�O C Vf l0 i +� � CJ C +� � C) •� o rn 3 t N I L N � d� ,- C v � ^L O tn I- i '� C N 7 • .- o cn o i+�t GJ I N Y p1 r U O•r-3�° L i � O 1 M Ol Y O '6 0 o c � � � C •� � �n C '0 'C t6 C al 7 O. ^ O � VI i ov i C N Q��r- O O N i t � � C 00 � N r-- r- N � L 3 +� o �� •U � �--� i tO a-Or • r dY N •C N t N 4- N Hv>o3 r- ^ Gl cro�,t O+� �CH ^ O � v� O +-� Y � � N • t0 • aJ N �� ct r 3 �o ,c 64 +� � N r6 d. N "o '�- 3 C O C r r0 O rt3 C cT° +� O �O t[) O �CI��+-�LA "O Ql Y �N �F • • N�tA ON � a� a� � ro 3 +� N ae rt3�� N d �o E .- � r 'p C •X � �� O O O ��r-+� i O CJ 7 O �n n. 3 +� O +� ct c- rts 3 • �0 'C E 4- M C •r �n O ts4 vf 7 X +� � O O C 3� N • i i C1 � .a � fl. � � rO i a 7 � � N �O +� � �--- Q'� UI � 7 r d � O i-� O 7 � +� 3 '--- .0 C �6 � �n �a E ��Y N r- C RS O Y C•X 7 O r0 OJ O o N� E �`1 i i t \ � a I--- N "O +� d +� E c •� ro O rC U 7 • U � � tn C ^ i C �a >,•� v o ra \ tO C •r N � N G) C ^ � •r p1Y N N O � t6 N N'p U O i � \ � csai3 a�N r � � Y � �6 N O N C/ C t U N rn ro a� +� c 3 ro � � i NF- c. c N "O O � O > C Q� ro ai • o ro 0 �G �� i O Q) N t0 • N t N � M > � I- 3 aas3 rts v� C O N � N N � O t � C N J N Z p� N t6 � i O N N +� .c > U +� ° rt3 O �n � a� O O rtQ i-> � H r- � O • � C O v� •L v N >f d G rt5 Q N N � � tn Y � 41 N r C L y i o+� 3 10 N a� �a c o � �-+ ct • L N r- � O C a� • v a� tt VI CY U H C RS N i O � ro �v+3 � • ++ � � V1 t0 t0 O N ��'�O +-� t0 +-� •r N � � U r- 7 O � O � L C E04- Rf O N 'D i O C � �F � +� �O �O � N N i-� N Y d +� U � N 01 �p N rC N c E •nv 3 �a •r- .n � i X 7 � v� O v> C i C i � v O a v� Y � v� n •� v �o r6 r0 N �- d ^ 3 a tn i N osaio 01 O i N C " �F �6 r � i N a N i O � ro � a� � ro E t QN+�� a > v o v a� r- �Z C+�� tCf fG RS •� i � E 3 GJ r- i •.- >�vxa� �C tC L O N N +� L i a� ro n � L i 01 d O H o3�oc� N � ai � rO Z � tp � Y . � ul N +� 3 c � �n in o �n �n o �n �n o a� � I� I� 1 Ln I� 1� ln N N O Q� > . . I . . . . . . . � i-� N M �' r N M N M� i V) t�T N > � rt c u� � � � C cY N %� � � • � t0 C O �''� y '0 � i � N !�'p Y Y 11 i •r fQ� C v� O � d � � � � � O '� Y Y 3 3 r •(� � "6 N � C \ O T t0 '� C N N C C O t.f) � O � s ra -o � N 3 3 c a� d N N I.f) O 'fl Y N Y v N� "6 Y Y NY N S- i N•�• N lOOOct' O •� N d N� i N� �+� +� VI N M O a� N 3 a� 3 N�� ++ •� •� ro .n v� 3 3 v � � c� c� � n u tn v� .- O O •U � a a v� +-� v7 +� O� t i i tc') �n � _p +� N+� N L i O O u1 1� 1� N Y NY YY O•r•r d • • � � �C U Y U �C O O r C C i-> M N r0 tC •• U•r (1 •r O O O .0 d d �O r � r+-�•r}� O�.a � tn N Q' XX a C. i +-� +� � �n rC N N N N � N � I� M 4- �F N'- N�- N r r N r- � �O O O VI r O r O r O O r- O O +� � N O t O L O.C-C O�� Y o\° o\° i-� -C 1 L 1 � I 1 � I 1 7 � 00 � Ln L(') f'(j I O� 1 O� 1 aQ pp I 00 O� '� N r 01 � � d' 01 � Ol r 01 .- � O� �- r- Q 3 �•� # # � � � cC i � c a� � a� N 3 N � � i v > � O � � I 0 \ 0 0 � N �' � N +� I L � d 2 O � � � • O � ct S v Y X Y N O N O O 3 � m a, +� ru i � �6 V Y N N 3 a� rn � i N > �6 � � N I O \ � � O N N Lf') O� �t'� cY r N u n Ln 117 N n n � . . i-� N r � � X X � I� M � � Y N OO ^ N r O� 3 �� N � � i � � a � ai N 3 N Q� ro � N > � O � M 11 0 \ 0 0 � �n M N � I I � � O � � • C M N �C X � N O 3 r- � � N W N Z W d X W L.L J O C�3 � a, U 1� ct � t� 01 r N N r- 01 1� Ln �' � Lf) 1� r- I� LL') l0 '- Ol id N 00 11') M M M � t0 00 N 1� (h O W ^ 00 � N l0 N Op � 1- +� � M Q1 � I� O M l0 01 N l� 01 M I� O � 00 N I� l0 O � n c c ., ., � ., .. � ., ., .. .. ., ., ., ., . ., v N� � CO Ol Ol 01 O O O O � � r N N M M M � � 11') t.f) l0 � E ti � .- � � � r- � r- .- � � � � � r- r- � a7 � O N O I� LA t0 N Ln 1� l0 � l0 �O V' V' O I� M lp 1� E ln N !.f) � Ln N 01 00 � 01 V' Ol lD lC O 01 01 l0 00 00 N Rf O 1� lf') 1� ln LC) 00 00 � t0 01 1� 1� N 00 r N 00 N Ol t!') 1� }� {-� V w .. .. � w w � .. w w w w O N C lp ct M M 00 M N N Op � 00 l0 M N O 00 �"� N l0 �O H Z�--� r M �Y � t0 00 O� O O N N M � � �p t0 (� 00 00 01 O � � � � e- � r- � r r � � � r N � d p O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O �� E � f� M Ol N l0 N 00 l0 M r Ol 1� ln M r 01 Ol I� 1� ll') LA � C O M M N 1� O l.[) O lA Ol �i' 01 � Ol M M 00 CO l"') M "O O U � � � � � � n ., w .. .. � .. w w ., w �'� � ^ � Lf) l0 1� Ol O N N N M M ct V � � � � �O t0 Q+-� �'+ r- � r- r r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N � � O N O � u7 r �O N t[) f� �O cY l0 t0 ct � O 1� M t0 1� E ^ LA N � M t0 Ql N CO ln N M Q1 O O Ol r M 1� � � � N OO t0 l0 � 01 N 1� 00 01 1� N Ln 00 M N M i-� V „ � � � � w .. w w w n .. .. w �� p� O 00 I� O � N h N Ol 11') N Ol I� ln M 1� l0 r O ln Z�""� N N (`') 1.C) t0 I� OD CO Ol Ql O r N M � Ch Ln �O I� 1� � � r- r r � r � r r r N � � t[') 00 I� N � ^ c�"S 1� N � t� t0 t0 1� O t0 Ll') 01 01 l0 Ln 01 t1') � I� � t0 � N N tn l0 N N O l0 O � l0 O� � N O 1� 1� N ct �� .. ^ ^ N 00 1� LA Lf) �O O 11') M N 11') O O 00 r l0 N +� r � N �A 00 � .. � � .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. � .. .. .. � � O O X � O� O� Q1 O ct O� �A O �A O t0 1� M O� t0 1� M O t0 ��' w � O O N N M M � � LA � l0 1� I� 00 41 O� � � � r r r- � � r- � � � r- r-- � � � 1 v� C C � Lf� 00 00 N Ln t0 t0 l0 I� O t0 L[� 01 O� l0 ln Ol Ln � 1� r O•r ^ 1� M N � 00 Ln ln 00 Ct V' l0 N � N l0 � 1� � Ln •� '� � 1� l0 t.[) � M M M M � LC> l0 00 O N �A 00 ln 01 � 01 r+� r- � .. � � .. � � .. .. � ., .. .. •� b''- ct OO 01 O r N M � 11') l0 1� 00 01 N M � �O I� 00 O r �� N N M M M M M M M M M M � � CF � � CF Ct ll') tn Q +� m r 1 � O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O �"� � p t0 Op �17 Op I� f� � l0 N � N t1'� � M O 'ch M O OO Ol � V p 0p I� 1� I� 00 � M O M 1� M O O N 00 M N N C „ .. w � � w � w .. w n .. .. .. •� � r M ln 1� Ol l0 r ln 01 M 1� t0 �O r cF O � O d �� M t0 t0 l0 l0 1� t� O� OO OO O� O� O O � N N M M ct � r r r r r r r r r � O Ln O 1� 01 O 1� N 00 N 1� N Oi � t1') O L1'f l.[) l0 OO O � � Lf) 00 ci' N t.[) N ln � � N � l� tD 00 M � N O 1� OO t0 N E 1� I� 00 � O O� � t0 �t O� I� M N O 00 Ln CO N N 00 l0 �O 4- O � N M lA N 00 N I� 1� 00 01 w �' 1� ^ � O1 00 � Ch O r � r U LA N M 11'1 l0 0p Ol O N cF 11') l0 00 01 O r M ct t0 1� O O C �--, r r- r N N N N N N N N M M M M M M �� r r r-- � O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O � O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O � O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O � � . � � � � �A O N et I�, O N � tn l� I� OD 01 O N M M � d Ln lA � r- M M M M Ct � � 'ch 'ch � � � ln ln Lf) ll') LA Ln ln ln ln LI � t0 1� 00 Ol O � N M � tn t0 1� 00 O1 O � N M cf ln l0 � i� 1� I� I� 1� 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 aO CO 00 01 GS 01 01 01 01 01 � O� O1 01 Ol 01 01 01 C� 01 O� O� O� O� O� Ol O� 01 01 O� 01 01 O� � � � r � � r-- � � � r r r- � r � � e- r � r r � o � o � O i "� O� O M ' �F � O p W � 'd V I� � ' 4! � � � +� i 64 V � . U 47 C � � -� 7 i-� b � � � i +� E c�n+> > �, � i N� O � N p� N +� (A +� N C O O O O O O O O '�'� � O � O O O O O O O O �'� � p v U � � � O O O O O O O O �� r 41 0 0 0 000 o rn °.a ro� -v � � lp lp N M LC) O O � �� r S- � �6 O C � � � 01 01 O Lf) l0 M Ln M O r U N N N N r- l0 � ro N� � U 7 . O � � tq N r6 N � O V � �C V L d � r0 . .� O E r � � +� � � •� `a � � +� r � � o c>L� �'' o v ro � r � � �� a a� � ro � �3 � a) � ro r � b � i �� +� � � � ro � c v � a� c U L �1 t° a� c�a E � �,�,, > r ^ S- �� 41 n � 'O +� O C N � O � ,� p1 p t � � +� � �F � � aJ Q O +� � r > � i O tC N 3�� N O c tn � +� . ^ �� tn N C! � C O t0 Ol '6 C U N p �n C rt1 � �n r p � C i O � � V d O•.- rt3 C • tR O•� •> 41 V r a0 •U O� O+� L +� t � tO i O ^ C � C t� 'O N r C H�•� ' N +� r0 O 47 N r L tn O C C O � � i tn 4- VI •C ^ i-� � �'- b�r � p � O O i N � C �n +� r � U�n ^ C O •r O �-�O � r U �O O•r V �O •r {,� t� � tcT O O r C N C +� 7 N tn r0 O� V 4J (J i •> C+� •� +� O U L'r' � O0 � C +-� Qf +� i U E•r r '6 7 N�'� � M .n r C � � Qi N i N� t �n C i r p f6 •� � O � fn N a. �6 U V1 7 +� C U1 d• M � � > � O U +� �n i N LL_ v> O N n. +� � p_ tn C ^�6 01 •U r- � C+-� fC �F C �O V U N�� E •r VI V1 �C i C rt5 �•r U � O O i-� +� � +� � i N • N 41 C U rtf Q� C i U U O O N tn W � +-+ +� �n c O �6 t i +� L� O ^ i c•r d = F- +-� C� Q1 O � �n � N 7 O a +� UJ d N i-� +� •r � � 4- C L � d i � • +� � •�n i� C'O d O "p C r rt � � N � O o2f t r6 C �C tn 3 O O r > r6 C C O r0 � i � +� i-� O O +� r .i +-� � +� � U •�- i +� o �6 •r C �n r � L O U +� O �n U N o � rts to 7� o +� O L +�+ O N 7++ � N � 3 'v 3� C d F- O Z J �] N F- C � U' •r •r •r O•r r +� L N O �6 d N i o �++ +� 3� ro (o � +� 3� o vi in L.L d C� ��r � +� 3 m N 0 b4 d' Q 3 rt7 i � �n v � •r- •r p_ L C d+� s X � �--� O � H N V �• W � ro i� N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0000 0 0000 0 �n�rnr� � r N N 1� b4 64 O O O -�000 000�n O ^ ^ ^ ON01�-- i � i O � r O O O � o00 O � �o O ^ I� OI��01 �� tn uf N � +� •� U N C C i •r O rt7 Or•� � +� ,C +� N U i d +� N 7 N C i+� U•r r ,6 N !6 �Zd'� � N r- N � a i t N m �F C 4- •� t0 i +� �- N N �� O 7 41 U U C C •r d r }� � •i O • � N C \ � d tL'I N C X O N L � � � +� U O d N � � d L � +� i +� i \ r � � cv 3 +� c rn� � � 'r �v c 4- r � -v ro � b � � � 3 VI tn O r O ro a�•� �++ �t+� � ~' '� r- a� ai v 01 � {n � � � b � rt `� � v i N C y,� N f0 y r � �r N d r � C d '^ '� ° a� �o �O i-� i � � � X +� � N O N u' °� c � d � � �O 3 C C VI U Q RS � �� i 'C •C � � N �"�� E c c r- U r O O O N 3 V .r v� N +� O � +� r6 i U � U N � � N i V L � N N C U O C v �O •� 4J �r- i C .0 N �n rd 3 v 3 r- i E �� 7 7 r C VI �•r� N U 3 � �r L +� N E � U �F � � N'- i � � � O O t c N Q O�� H b� � C � N b � •� f6 � N F- a� a� •.- � d O �n r- � i •� a rt (� ai �o ai �, �, a- �� o w rn U N O C c w � � v� U v� O G1 C •r C C v X r � y a � � > L �.0 f6 N N +-� L +� N �0 3 � � c �, o •� 3 +-� .n N (q i i-� +� i +� Nr•r � C +-� 7 h � 41 C U•�•r+� N •.- > �n c U 4- C O 4-- �F O U d •r O U iv E � i N tp +� VI 41 N i fp •r � •r p� C E i O +� 7 �O i Q ►-i C > d i� # 41 i � Y i � a 41 Y U O J +� � i a� � C N U a� L � i-� � C t6 s O �F- N � N O U � c 41 E d O N > � � Y � Q W Y U 0 J O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 00 00000 0 0 00 00000 0 0 t1') lp t.[) N� t.[) O O I� r M N N r r L n t� t!} v � ro E � +-� � � 3 C 0 �� Q" C O +� QI N U C � E M � C II. V1 �\ i .L] RS O N C r +-� C � � i •.- � uf O 7 C�� I C i O > +� � �n O }� (�} r� U O r U U t/1 'L7 7 (n t6 7 � i i � L i C Q) � �6 +� �n � L � +� rac>ai�n aca� +� V1 r r L Q) �O i-� Q1 C C �.> ��O N � t[5 C 41 O C O O� r Q1� •r U U r� E i id •i C +� •S- L t6 a1 C� VI �•r +� C i i0 +� d i-� •r .0 +� � C �6 �O N Q1 i i t0 �O +� O� r6 r +-� +� ��o +� 3� rts o a� � a o C U W C� � a L i N d F- E a1 � N T N i � � � 3 O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 C .� � C 7 O � � c rp C O +� 3 � i �-+ � � E N � � N L a � �6 3 �6 i-� 0 F- O � a, a.., .N +� � O G L Q � i� � O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 3 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O. . V O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O � O N NcF00000 N O 00 O 0001� I� Y w.. w.. w.. .. w.. w 0 �-00 OLnOML[')OpN N O 00 O OLn�1'f O O � N OO N � M N � � ct M O r- N � Q � M r- r r N .� � C O p� C � N .E,� L � 7 � O U d y_ O� L] � C i � � • � � � V "Q U � � . y �i � � � +� C tn Q) +� 7 O C > (� m rt5 � N 7 . N � N ..0 V O++ •-� +-� N'C � i �n d 7 � N•� O � U i>� f6 i VI i � v� � 0 � � �' CO O1dQ � •r \ Q1 Z_ d"� C i-i N � C C v 4J C M -F� � t0 � >C •r r- � C � -� O N C i •� \ N C C t6 U"� 41 C 0 0 � •� a� o� vr- � ro v> c �a�s �o � V•• •r i +-� i O•.- +-� "6 i p � O C•r- tn d N �1-� � U Q)•r +� U O r-- C,) tn � p N 7 � i 0 3 c� � +� c> > v� ro n� �a •� +� m v c � +� o � -o i a� v� i �- a� a� 3+� � ro v c•� ++ i � Q) +-� U� i�1-� "� i tn F- i r6 .- O) �� r6 �c U N r- +� r0 C V� •r i+� tn � N L r+� N f0 t� i � +� O N r�+-� +� N rC +� � U.rt3 �n 3 .i C tn rt3 i tC 4- C Ql•> O U vl �� rt3 O C r� i tn a. r0 C a. �--� E O C O U RS C O Q� O� E U O +� Q� d .-� � O�•� tn r N C� r- � i O U t6 C RS -C C 7 1 L U) �6 ^ +-� rtf •i ..0 c a. U c v� •� +� +> � ++ •r- � � cn ++ +� v� tn Q1� r0 +� v a•r �'p � r6 f6 O•r- QY �O i-� C C� r6 � v v� � i a� � a� rts rts +�+ N�o +� +� 3 E o +� c� O•� ��o +� � i � e0 i N i i f6 N � O 7 7 O O 3 i r0 O O O i-� � CJ W C7 I- F- 0 d(n d F- •i Q d 2 F- i d f 1..� � � vl "6 O i +-� O � U H N U � O Q 3 � 6L � Q �L r Z � 0 U Q Y 0 Q N 01 i� �� i� li I 1 I 1 � � 1 � i � i � i � 1 1 1 1 � C 3 O O � N � � � d � � N 3 0 c Y U �6 � r 3 � N i� tC i � v C �--� H d �-+ b •U 0 N � ¢ � i N � ro i m L N � N f0 i i 7 .0 O" U O C E U O i � •N � S- •Q1 rt5 O Q1 i Z � +� 41 C(] ^ .. n. C N Y 3 +> c c� O N L •i � O C� 7 i cn Rf rt5 � ^ � 3 �n � � N �6 �C ^ rt5 L 4- U C R' O� t6 O 7 ^ r'J VI � � _ � o v �o ^ o v> > � E v i � ++ vi � � � E 41 C (n 7 C i C r6 +� r0 r0 �6 � v r � N � d' O v� c �- a 3 .- �o M [0 O .- N � ^ l0 C +� 01 Z � Y 3 � >, t cn 3 � a v � a i o a� o E c Y 3k +-� i '7 E ^ 0 N i i-� V1 (J N - � i C '7 � � 'p U Q +� '7 ^ O O O ^ C �n U •i .0 O Z Q ^ N O O � •i C +� ^ U 3 V1 U i-� .� r 1..� C }� N •i N �' N C � ^ Vf � C +� O N > ++ v 3 +> > ai a� c E G) tn � �k > i � tn •E � G t O 'D � Y i-� RS LL. r E v1 +� .- +� � W �6 tn � i-� � i O r L O U 4- v '6 U rt3 v� C ^ � O � ^ O "� � i-� O � a v +� i O i +� O t •i .- �n U +� d N �n s tn rC t O i O U +-� /C O N i rp p i +� r � U Y O � N N i U I..� d O N � i N a c� N cn n c �, 0 3 ra a� i tn vf � C7 ^ ^ i C RS CJ [O �C Q �"� � � +� 3 4- U i Q c t +� c� c a � � v- � a� ^ ,o rn o w c rts a a� ro a >, a � � a O � 3 � E C C O +� N +� +� +� a� a� s rts o a a� ro �o = cs cn c a C C C S U i-� U Q1 i-� +� +..� � Y � � C N N � f0 � rt3 v) p t6 O O G1 rti C O C i-� r0 f0 r U J CJ U 2 � � rt3 O O O �- �. � N N a � � a a �n rt3 � � b as ro E a� c o o a c� c� s. v c Y Y Y � 'p � � �O � i L C 7 N O O O C C +� +� C C C +� E i c c C O •i •i a �n ra a� a� � � �o ns a Q Q Q CJ 1..� L.L 2 �--� J � � � � � Z � (n 0 �, ' ' , ' � ' - ' '. . �, _ '.. � . ' ' � `' ,_ . . ' , _ ' , � NORTH PARK SITE DEVELOPMENT FINANCING ERIDLEY, MINNESOTA JUNE 8, 1973 . i� EHLERS AND ASSOCIATES, INC. FINANCIAL CONSULTANTS IRST NATIONAL-SOO LINE CONCOURSE 507 MARQUETTE AVE. MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55402 339-8291 [AREA CODE 612) June 8, 1973 The City Council Fridley, Minnesota Gentlemen: It is our pleasure to submit the following study which shows how the North Park site development might be financed should it be developed into either a golf course or a nature study area, as outlined in the North Park Feasibility Study prepared by Brauer and Associates, Inc. Golf Course: A golf course could be financed through the sale of gross revenue bonds issued pursuant to Minnesota Statutes 471.191, to be repaid from green fees and other revenues of the park. 7he City Council has the authority to issue these bonds without an election. Proceeds of the bonds may be used to finance ail fees, construction costs, capitalized interest and an operation cost reserve. The total number of bonds to be issued is computed as follows: Project cost including fees, contin- gencies and initiai starting costs Legal and finance fees Operation reserve fund Total project cost Less investment earnings Subtotal Capitalized interest (two years) Subtotal Allowance for discount Total Bond issue $ 872,536 15 , 000 110 ,000 $ 997,536 40 ,000 $ 957,536 132,600 $1,090,136 15,000 $1,105,136 $1,105,000 These bonds might be matured in accordance with the folloti�ving schedule. The City Council Fri dl ey, P�i nnesota June 8, 1973 Page 2 EXHIBIT - 1.00 COh1°UTER RtA`d FOR CITY OF FRIDLEY -. NORTH °ARI: STi1DY, (',(?LF CnURSE . DFBT SERVI CE Pl��hJIN� 6/11/73 PR I NCI PAL 1,1�5, (100 A�/E YRLY PMT 10?_� 20? It�JTEREST RATF 6.00Q0 � DFNOMIPJATI�i�t 5,p00 DATE OF BC�VDS 19?4 FIRST MATURITY 19?7 YEAP, PP,IPdCIPAL INTEP,FST TnTAI_ 1975 0 66, 300 66, 300 197h o 66, 300 � 66, 300 1977 35, ot�o 66, 3c7o 101, 300 197� �0,0�0 64,?c�0 Io�E,2o0 1979 40, �� 61, �(�o � l0i , 80� � �� 19RO zES,��o 5�,400 1o��,�a�o 1981 45,OCt� 56,?00 10�,?On 19�2 5o,00n 54,0�0 10'-t,0oo �9�3 5o,c�oo 51,��0 loZ,c��o 1984 55,000 1��,c�oo 103,000 19 �35 60, 000 �14, 7�0 104, ?00 198E3 60,�00 �41,100 101, l00 : 19�7 65,�� 3?,50�i 102,5�0 19�8 70,000 33,��0 103,�00 �9�� 75, oo�� 29, �;o0 104, 4�� 199� 75,O�n �t}�9�� 99,9Q0 1991 �o,000 20,4�o zao,4�o 1992 85,�� 15,500 100,6�;; 1993 90,�00 1�,500 1o0,5�n 199� 85,000 5,io0 90,1�0 T�TAL PRI�lCI°aL $1,1!35,�00.00 BOND YEAP.S 1li�g�.p� A�/E ��1AT11° I TY 12. 9? 30?� PP,O�RI�f� COPYRI(',tiT BY FHLERS AN� ASSnC., I".C, 5/19/5g, REv 1/2?/69 � i ` �� The City Council June 8, 1973 Fridley, Minnesota Page 3 A projection of cash flow based on the net revenues as reported on page 86 of the Brauer and Associates study indicates that the golf course would be self- supporting. The second column (headed "INCOME") of the projection (Exhibit 2) reports the annual sum of the "Total Net Income" and "Replacement Fund" from the Brauer report as the amount of revenue available for debt service. The third column, headed "EARNED INTEREST", initial7y reflects the $132,600 capitalized interest. Thereafter it reflects the interest earned by ,investing the surplus at 5%, together with interest earned by investing the operation reserve at 6q. The fourth column, headed "TOTAL AVAILABLE", is the annual sum of columns two and three and shows the total availabie or debt payment from that year's revenue. The fifth column, headed "DEBT SERVICE", shotivs the annual payment for principal and interest (from Exhibit 1). The sixth column, headed "SURPLUS", reflects a surplus (or deficit) for the year. The seventh column, headed °ACCUMULATED", shows the year end cash balance. As the net income reflected in column two is before deducting allowances for equipment replacement, some of the accumulated surplus would be expended from time to time which would reduce the earned interest, particularly in later years, and the indicated accumulated surplus would be less than shown. Note that this balance includes the $110,000 reserve capitalized with the bond proceeds. �' The exhibit clearly deomnstrates the city would have funds on hand sufficient to meet, operation and debt requirements at all times, assuming the revenue and expense projections of the Brauer report. ' , � , , An initial operation reserve of �110,000 is capitalized with the bond issue should the revenues be insufficient to meet expenses in any one year. � ■ ' ' , ' � ' ' , ' ' , ' ' ' ' ' ' , ' � �� The City Council Fridley, Minnesota EXHIBIT - 2.00 CASH FL(�;; PR�JECTIC�`�S F�R CITY OF FRIDLEY - NORTH PARY YEAR 1975 1976 1977 197� 1979 1980 I981 198?_ 1983 19 84 19 �5 1986 1987 1988 19 �9 1990 199 i 199? 199 3 199U ■ � NET I NC(N�F_ 21, 0 �?2 �?,434 52,933 62_, 996 78, 296 9 3, 856 103,�43 113,138 1_19,643 12�,2_34 133, t{?_4 140,72I 1�+�, 628 �55,5?0 165,251 173, 681 1�2, 775 1�?,1�87 l��,qq2_ 20?,1 �9 � EARNED INTEREST 13?,6�0 15, 869 15, 5i9 13, �76 12_, 5Io 11, 9fi� 12, 0 31 12, ?�5 13, 7A 7 15, � 19 �?, 352 19,656 ?_2,6�g ?_6,0�? 30, 0� �3 3�E, 551 : ?q�9��3 ��h, 0 �?5 5�,?34 60,195 T�TAL AVAI LAR I_E 153,682 59, 3� 3 6�, 452 76, 872 9�, go5 1�5, 816 115,1?�+ 1?_5, P43 133,440 11�1, h5 3 150, 7?6 160, 37? 1?l,?_47 1f32, 6?_7 195, 259 20 f3, ?. 32 �22, ?43 ?_33,5?2 24g, 720 262, 3�+4 June 8, 1973 Page 4 . �EEiT St1R�Lt1S SERVI CE OR DFFI CI T ACCt�'�IULATED 66, 300 �?, 3R2 19?, 3�? 66, 300 -E, 9c�6 190, 3g5 to3, 300 -32, �� 15?, 537 10�4, 200 -27, 327 130,210 1D1, �00 -10, gA3 119,?_16 10�#, 400 1, 415 120, �i 33 101, 700 13, 471t l�q� �_�� 104,000 2I,R43 �55 q t 101,00� 32 �40 '" 5� , I�3�, 391 103,0�0 .3�,F53 22?,n45 1�4,700 �t�,(�7�, 273,1?_1 10I, i o0 59,?_77 332, 398 1�?_,500 .h3,71�7 40�,.14� l0?,600 79,0?7 �8o,i?3 101�,�00 90,859 5?�,c�33 99,900 10�3, 332 6?9, 3�� 100, 400 1?_?_, 343 80�,?09 lon,�oo �32,9??_ 93�,KRI 1�0,500 1�9,2?_h 1,�R3,9r�7 90,10� 1?2,2JIu 1,2�.5,15i � ; , I ' � The City Council Fridley, Minnesoia Nature Center: June 8, 1973 Page 5 A nature center would be financed with general obligation bonds that the City Council may issue only after a successful bond eTection. The amount of the bond issue is calculated as follows: Project cost including fees, contin- gencies and initial starting costs Legal and finance fees Total project cost Less investment earnings Subtotal Capitalized interest (one year) Total Voted figure Added bonds for discount 8ond issue $533,890 8,000 � $541,890 24,000 $517,890 28,875 $546,765 $545 ,000 10,000 $555,000 The following computer run demonstrates how general obligation bonds might be retired and reflects the tax rate for operation and maintenance, debt service and the total. Column one, headed "YEAR", shows the bond maturity year. The second column shows the projected assessed valuation of the city, reflecting a$4,000,000 annual increase in the tax base until 19 87. Column three shows the projected operation and maintenance cost of the nature study. The first full year cost is �71,000 for staff and $20,000 far supplies and maintenance as estimated in the Brauer report. This.cost increases 3% per year, compounded, to r2flect inflation. Column four, headed "OMR", reflects the operatian cost mi17 rate. Column five, headed "PRINCIPAL", is the annual payment of principal on the 1oan. Column six, headed °INTEREST", is the interest expense computed at 5.25� interest. Column seven is the total principal and interest annually. Column eight, headed "NDMR", is the new debt mill rate or the tax rate for repay- ment of principal and interest on the bonds. ' , 7he City Council Fridley, Minnesota I �' I, June 8, 1973 Page 6 Column 9, headed "GRAND TOTAL", is the operation expense coupled with the principal and interest on bonds annually. Column 10 is the total tax rate for debt service and operation and maintenance. ' EXHIBIT - 3.00 Cd�'�'UTFR Rt1N FOR CIT' OF FRI�I_EY - N�RTH PAR� STl)�Y , DEBT SERVI CE PI.A,�1NI N� PRINCIPAL 555,000 'INTEF;EST RATE 5.250(l% DATE OF BONDS 197�1 0� M- OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 'OP�{R - OPERATION COST MILL RATE NDF1R - MI LL RATE tN�l NF��J DkBT TMR - TOTAL MIL� RATF I' MAT TAXAE3 LE YEAR VAt_tJAT I0�! '1975 99,532,000 197� 1Q3,532,000 197? l0?,532,000 �197� 11i,532,000 19?9 115,532,�0� 1980 119.532,000 1981 123,5?2,000 ,19�2 �27,532,000 19�3 131,532,�00 198�. 135,532,�00 '19�5 139,532,000 �g�' 1��3,532,000 1987 Z�3,53?_,000 1g83 ��3,5?2,000 'I989 1�;3,532,000 1990 1�3,532,000 1991 1i�3,532,�0� I199� 1�3,532,000 1993 143,532,000 1!�94 143,532,0�0 0 � M COSTS 91,�00 93,??0 9F,541 99,1}3� 102,421 105, ��9 3 1��,658 111,91� 315,276 11�,734 l22_, �g6 125,9h5 12g,?44 I33,63h 13'?, fi 45 i�i,77t� 1��h, �28 150,1�09 154, 921 159,5h� 6/ 8/?3 A�/E. Y�?LY PMT �1�3, 615 �ENOMI.R�.A7I �N 5, 000 FIP.ST MATURITY 197? nT��R PRINCI PAL INTEP,EST TOTAL �.9 �.9 o.g 0.9 0,9 �.9 0.9 �.9 Q.9 o.g 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.� 1.0 l.n 1.0 1.1 l.1 0 2�;00� 2Q,OOQ 2Q,�00 25,�00 z5,000 25,OG� 25,��p 30,�00 30, noo 30,�00 35,noo 35,�00 35, �0'1 �IO,OOQ 4�,�00 4�,On0 u5,��0 35,000 29,13� 29,?3? 29,13? 2£3, 0 8? 27,�?7 25, 9 g? 2��,E?5 23, 3E2 22,Q5� 20,737 19, lfi2 1?, 5 8? lh, O 1?_ ltl,175 z�, 33? 10,5�0 �, 40� �, 30� 4,2no z, 83? 29,13? 29, �.3? t}q,13? 4f3�pg� �+7, 0 3? 50, g �7 49,F?5 4�3, ?�2 �{7� nS� 5�,73? �9,16?_ l�7, 5 R7 5l, O12_ 49,1?5 �?, 33? ��, �� 4�, 40� �►6, 300 49, ?_00 3�,R�? ' TnTal_ PRINCIPAL $555,��.�� ' E30ND YE�`,QS �� . 7 5.�� A',!E MA7l)eITY 1?_.hg;6� ' PROGP.,'�^� CnPYRI�HT gY FliLFRS A�,�� ass�c., INC, 5/19/6�, REV 1/2?/F9 ' � GRAND NDP�R TOTAL TMR 0.3 120,137 0. 3 122, f?h7 o. 5 1�+5, 678 0.1� 147,525 0. 4 11tq,t�5g o.�► 15F,4�o 0.� 15R,333 0.1� 160,2_80 0.4 1h2,326 O.�d 159,�71 0.4� 1?I,�5R 0.3 1?3,552 0.�1 1�0,?56 0. 3 1�2, �311 0, 3 1RU��g2 0. 4 192, ?_?� �.3 19�,428 o. � 196,?09 0.3 20�,121 0.3 1�6,4�5 l. 2 I. 2 l � L{ 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3 �-. 3 1. 3 l. ?_ ��. 3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3 1.4 1.4 l.� 1.4 The City Council Frid7ey, Minnesota June 8, 1973 Page 7 The tax rate for debt service falls outside the city's mill rate limitation, but the operation and maintenance levy 4vould be included in the statutory ceiling. The operation and maintenance costs could be paid from federal revenue sharing funds or other city revenues, but this would, in effect, reduce the amount available for existing programs by a like amount. Thus, the cost of this program in terms of a property tax equivalent would be 1.3 mills for debt and operation and maintenance. This wou7d affect taxpayers of Fridley as illustrated in the following calculation. . E)C-i I B I T �JO. 4 PP.OJECT COST P,ELATED Tn FRnPERTY TAXES FnR: CITY OF F�I�LEY - NORTH °ARK S7l)DY DATED 6/ 8/73 A°�LYING A MILL RAT� OF 1.30 MILLS nN �SSFSSFD �/ALUF. MAW:ET VALl.1E $25,000 $?5,0�0 $U>,000 $35,00� �50, 0;�0 $100,000 TYPF OF PRnPF. RTY N(�'�F (HS i Hn�u�F C,HS � HnN!F �NS � EitJS T NESS BUS i ^yESS i3lJSI(`dESS ASSESSEC� VAt_t )E $R, ��0 $12, 2�0 $_l_r,, 20Q �15,�5� �2�,500 $i�3,�c�0 DOLLAR I�JCP,EASF YFAR N�"1TH DAY �10.�� $�.89 $ 0.�??.9 $i5. �5 $1.32 $ 0.0�?3. $21,Q6 �1,�� $ Q.05� $19.5? �z.63 $ 0.�54 $2?.95 $�.33 $ o.Q�7 555.�0 �4.5F $ Q.153 MAR�ET VALt_)E USED IS TAX STaTEP^F^dT MARY,ET VALUE (NS � — N��1ES TEA� PF;OGI2AM CO�YRI�HT BY EHLFRS AiJ� �SS�CI.ATES, I�dC., ?-15-70 , The City Council Fridley, Minnesota June 8, 1973 Page 8 Summary: Both the golf course and the nature center proposals are modest projects for a city ti�rith the population and tax base of Fridley. With the golf course, the Council has t he authority to proceed without an election, and reasonable projections show the enterprise to be self-supporting without affecting the property taxes af the city. The nature center would require an election to approve bonds and would in effect be supported by property taxes, both for debt service and operating expense. � Respectfully submitted, EHLERS AND ASSOC TES, INC. r �" �'� `�:�L�.� , Seegar anson, Jr. SS:df GOLF COURSE/NATURE CENTER FINANCING FRIDLEY, MINNESOTA JUNE 25, 1973 i� EHLERS AND ASSOCIATES, INC. FINANCIAL CONSULTANTS IRST NATIONAL-SOO LINE CONCOURSE 507 MARQUETTE AVE. MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55402 339-8291 (AREC, CODE 6121 June 25, 1973 The City Council Frid7ey, hlinnesota 55432 Gentlemen: ` At your request we are submitting a s,upplement to our Jun� 8, 1973 report relating to the North Park Feasibility Study prepared by Brauer and Assaciates, Inc. Golf Course (Reduced Cost): The reduced cost estimate of Brauer and Associates was used for the following projection of the golf course proposal. The total number of bonds to be issued is computed as follows: Project cost, inc7uding fees, contingencies and initial starting costs $740,536 Legal and finance fees 15,000 Operation reserve fund _ 100,000 Total project cost $855,536 Less investment earnings 34,000 Subtotal Plus capitalized interest (two years) Subtotal Plus ailowance for discount Total Bond issue $821,536 114,000 $935,536 15,000 $950,536 $950,000 These bonds might be matured in accordance u�ith the following schedule. � ' , ' ' The City Council Fridley, Minnesota " June 25, 1973 Page 2 EXHI8IT - 2.01 C0�1f'UTEP. Rl�! FOR CITY nF FRIDLFY� �lnRTN PAP.Y. STUDY, S�°PLE��ENT DEBT SERVICE PLANNI�dG (�J21/7? . PRINCIPA� 950,000 AVE YRLY PP�9T �37,�7Z INTEREST RATE 6,0000% DENOMI��ATION 5,�00 DATE OF BONDS 197� FIP,ST MATURITY 1977 YEAR PRINCIPAL INTEREST TOTAL 1975 0 5?,000 5?,000 19?6 0 57,000 5?,000 1977 30,000 5?,000 87,000 1978 35,000 55,200 90,200 1979 35,000 53,�00 88,100 1980 35,000 51,000 86,00a 1981 40,00� �8,9op 88,90� 1982 40,000 �6,500 86,500 1983 45,000 44,100 89,�00 1984 45,0�0 �1,400 86,�00 1985 50,000 38,700 88,7�0 1986 50,000 35,700 �5,?5� 1987 55,000 32,70� 8?,700 1988 60,000 29,400 89,�00 19�9 60, 000 25, f3oo 85, 800 1990 65,000 22,200 87,?_00 1991 70, o00 l8, 3ot� 8�, 300 1992 75,000 l�,lo0 89,100 1993 80,000 9,600 �9,60� 1994 80,000 4,R00 84,800 TOTAL PRINCIPAL $950,000.00 T�TAL INTEREST $742,500.00 TOTAL P AND I $l_,692,500.00 BOND YEARS 12375.00 AVE MATURITY 13.02632 PRCKRAM CO°YRIGHT BY EHLERS AND ��SnC,, INC, 5/19/5�, REV 1/27/69 ' ' The City Council Fridiey, P•linnesota , I ' ' June 25, 1973 Fage 3 A projection of cash flow based on the net revenues as reported on page 86 of the Brauer and Associates study indicates that the golf course would be self- supporting. The second column (headed "INCOME") of the projection (Exhihit 2.02); reports the annual sum of the "Total fdet Income" and "Replacement Fund" from ihe Brauer report as the amount of revenue available for d�bt service. The third column, headed "EARNED INTEREST", initially reflects the $114,000 capitalized interest. Thereafter it refiects the interest earned by i,nvesting the surplus at 5%, together with interest earned by investing the operation reserve at 6%. The fourth column, headed "TOTAL AVAILABLE", is the annual sum of columns two and three and shows the total available or debt payment from that year's revenue. The fifth column, headed "DEBT SERVICE", sho�rs the annual payment for principal and interest (from Exhibit 1). The sixth column, headed "SURPLUS", reflects a surplus (or deficit) for the year. The seventh column, headed "ACCUMULATED", shows the year end cash balance. As the net income reflected in column two is before deducting allowances for equipment replacement, some of the accumulated surplus would be expended from time to time which would reduce the earned interest, particu7arly in later years, and the indicated accumulated surplus would be less than shown. Note that this balance includes the $100,000 reserve capitalized with the bond proceeds. ``i The exhibit clearly demonstrates the city would have funds on hand sufficient to meet operation and debt requirements at all times, assuming the revenue and expense projections of the Brauer report. An initial operation reserve of $100,000 is capitalized with the bond issue should the revenues be insufficient to meet expenses in any one year. The City Council Fridley, Minnesota EXHIBIT 2.02 CASH FL(X�! PRO.fECTI�NS �nR CITY OF FRInLFY - NnRTN PARK YEAR 1975 19?6 1977 1978 1979 lg �o 1981 lg 82 1983 1984 1g85 1986 1987 1988 �9�9 1990 1991 1992 1993 199u NET I NC(}ME 21, 0 F32 �+3, �3� 52,933 62,996 78, �9� 93,�5� 103,143 113,138 119,��3 126,234 133, 424 1U0,?21 148,62� 15�,57� 165,251 173, 681 182,775 187,487 196,992 2�2,14A EARNED TOTAL INTEREST A�/AI LAEiLE l��,000 �35,082 1�,904 58,33R 14,970 67,g03 1�,01� ??,012 13,356 91,65?_ 13, 5 34 10 �, 390 14,603 11?,7b6 16,04fi 129,1R�4 18,180 13?, 8?_ 3 20,6�6 146,850 23,�39 15?,��3 27, �57 16?, 7'?� 31,158 179,7�� 35, 70 3 192, 333 40,909 206,160 46,927 220,60� 53,598 235,3?3 61,001 2�4�3,4�3f3 6�,971 265,9�3 77, 789 2_?9, g 3� ��INCLUDES $100,040 RESERVE. June 25, 1973 Page 4 DcBT SUR�Ll1S SERvICE OR f)EFICI? ACCUMULATED 57,000 78,0�2 17�,082:; 5?,oOQ 1,338 I?9,420 �?, 000 -1g, n96 160, 3?.4 90, 200 -13, 7 �? 3�?,13fi 8�,100 3,552. 150,�� 86, 000 21, 39'� 172, 0�9 88,900 28,�u6 ?_00,9?_5 86,500 42,�R�-t 2�t3,61� 89,100 �8,723 29?,33u 86, �400 6�, �?50 352., ?�4 88,700 6R,3o3 �21,147 ��, 750 �2, 02 i 50 3,1?Fi �7,7�0 92,0�6 595,253 89,�00 iC;2,933 69�,19F 85, 800 120, 3�0 �� , 55� 87,200 133,�0� 951,965 88,30o t��,�73 z,1�o,03g 89,100 I59, 3�� l,?_�9, �?_? 89,600 176,{�3 1,�35,74Q �4, R00 195, � 3� 1,�30,g?_fi � ihe Ci.ty Council Fridley, Minnesota Nature Center - N�rth Par�c: June 25, 1973 Page 5 The nature study wou7d be financed with general obiigation bonds. The amount of the bond issue for the reduced initial project, as presented in the Brauer report, is calculated as follouts: Project cost, including fees, contingencies and initial starting costs Legal and finance fees Total project cost Less investment earnings S ub tota 1 Plus capitalized interest (one year) Total Voted figure Added bonds �or discount $431,890 7,500 �439,390 20 ,000 $419 ,390 23,625 $443,015 $445,000 5,000 Bbnd issue $450,000 The following computer run demonstrates how general obligation bonds might be retired and reflects the tax rate for op�ration and maintenance, debt service and the total. Column one, headed "YEAR", shows the bond maturity year. The second column shows the projected assessed valuation of t�e city, reflecting a$4,000,000 annual increase in the tax base unti1 1987. Column three shows the projected operation and maintenance cost of the nature study. The first full year cost is $71,000 for staff and �20,000 for supplies and maintenance as estimazed in the Brauer report. This cost increases 3% per year, compounded, to reflect inflation. Column €our, headed "OMR", reflects the operation cost mi77 rate. Column five, headed "PRINCIPAL", is the annual payment of principal on the loan. Column six, headed "INTEREST", is the interest expense computed at 5.25% interest. Column seven is the total principal and interest annually. Column eight, headed "NDh1R", is the n�w debt mill rate or the tax rate for repay- ment of principal and interest on the bonds. i� Ii I , I� The City Councii June 25, 1973 Fridiey, Minnesota Paye 6 Column nine, headed "GRAND TOTAL", is the operation expense coupled with the principal and interest on bonds annually. Column ten is the total tax rate for debt service and operation and maintenance. EXHIBIT - 2.03 � COt�PUTFR RUN FnR CITY OF FRIDLEY, NORTN PARK STUDY SUPPLEM�NT DEfiT 5ERVICE PL�WNING � PRINCIPAL �5�,�00 INTEREST RATE 5.25000 �DATE OF BONDS 197� 0� M- OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OMR - OPERATION COST MILL RATE NOMR - MI LL RATE ON NEy�! DEEiT � TMR - TOTAL M1LL RATE MAT TAXABLE YEAR VALUATION 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Z98o 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 lg 8b 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 199 � 99,532,�� 103,532,000 10�,532,000 111,532,000 I15,532,000 �19,532,000 123,532,00� 127,532,000 131,532,000 135,532,00� 139,532,�00 ?43,532,000 Z�3,532,000 143,532,000 143,532,000 1�c 3, 532, 000 143,532,000 143,532,000 143,532,0�0 143,532,�00 I' TOTAL PRINCIPAL 'BOND YcARS av� r�TUr�t rY ' PROGRAM COPYRIGyT , 6/20/?3 AVE YRLY PMT 3fi,532 DENOMINATInN 5,000 FI RST h1ATi1RI TY 1_9?5 0 � M COSTS (k�1R PRINCIPAL INTEREST TOTAL 91,000 93, 730 9�,541 99,�3� 102,421 105, 493 I08,658 lll, q lf3 115, 2_76 11�,73� 122,29h 125,9�5 129,744 133,63' 13?,645 141,?7�► 146,0?_8 15�, ��9 15zE,921 159 j 50 8 0.9 o.g �.9 O.q 0.9 �.9 �.9 �.9 a.� 0.9 0.9 O.g 0.9 0.9 1.0 l.o 1.0 1.0 1.I 1.1 S�So,000.00 54bo.o0 12.13333 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,00� 15,0�0 15,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,OQ0 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 2�,000 30,000 30,000 30,0�0 35,000 35, c�oo 23, 625 22, �37 22,050 21, 26?_ 20, �t75 19,6R7 1�,900 17, 85� 16, 800 15, ?50 1�t� 700 13,b5o 1�, 337 11,025 g, 712 8, 4t�0 6, �25 5,250 3, h?5 1,R3? 3�, h25 3?,�37 3?,�5� 3�,262 35,u75 3�,h�7 3�, 900 37, 8�0 36, �00 35,?50 �l�� 7pr 3�,�5� 3?, 337 3�,��5 3��, 7I2 38, �oo 3�, �25 35, �50 3R,�?5 3�,�37 8Y EHLERS AND �SS�C., INC, 5/19/6A, REV _l/?_?/69 P1DMR 0.4 0.4 0. 3 �.3 �.3 �.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0. ?. 0.3 �.3 �.3 0.2 0.3 �.3 0.?_ 0.3 �.3 GP.AND TOTAL 129,625 i 31,567 133, 59 Z 135, 7�� 137,895 140,1R� 1�t7, 558 1�9,768 152,076 154, �t�u 150',996 164,,515 1F?,OQl 1�9,661 1?2,357 180,174 182, R53 185,h59 19 3, 595 196,405 TMR 1. 3 1. 3 1. 2 1.Z 1.2 I.2 z.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 l. l l. l 1. 2 1. 2 l. ?_ 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3 1.� i : � The City Co�ncil June 25., 1973 ' Fri dl ey, !��i nnesota Page 7 ' Tne tax rate for debt service falls outside the city's mill rate limitat-i'on, but tlie op�ration and maintenance levy u�ould be included in the statutory �eiling. Th� operation an�i maintenance cosis cou7d be paid from federal revenue � s��aring funds or o�her city •revenues, but this �vould, in effect, reduce the '. amount available for existing programs by a like amount. Thus, the cost of this prcgram in ierr�s of a.property tax equival�nt would be 1.25 mills for debt and oper�tion and maintenance. This wou7d affect taxpayers of Fridley as i71us- � ' trated in �he following ca]culation. , � � . EX.HIBiT N0. 2.0-1 � ' 'E'ROJECT GOST RFLATED TQ PRO°ERTY TAXES:FOR: CITY. OF FRIDLEY - NORTH PARK STUDY DATED 6/?_1/73 ' , APPLYING A MILL RAT£ OF � 1.25 MILLS 01� ASSESSE� VALUE. ' ,. . ' ' , M4RK�T TY°F nF l�SS�SSED DC)I�LAR I�dCRFASE ' VALUE PRO°ERTY �lALI,'E YEAR M�PJTH DAY $25,.000 Fi�r�CHS) S8,2o� $?0.25 $0.85 S o.028 S35,000 � �H�;�E<HS) $12,?0� 515.2_5 $1.?_7 S o.Ob2_ ' S�5,OQ0 HnP�<HS) $lE>,200 �20.25 $1.6g � 0.055 . , $35,000 �usr�v�s� $15,050 . ��8.8t 51.5? � 0.052 '� SSo,00� at�si►v�ss s2t,5oo �25.�3g 52.2� S o.0?4 $��00,000 �uslr�ESS �4?,000 $53.75 ��.�° $ 0.1�7 ' , , ��;:�1' k'R't_U� USED IS TlaX STATEM.ENT P-1ARKFT VALt1E ' (HS � -- t��h'�S7`AD ' ' Pr GG�'.;`��4 CG�'Y�?I{'-H"I" BY E!-it_t�S A, i;^. A.SSC;CI�',� FS, I�JC,�, �-15-70 � ' . � � � + ' i� i� " ; �� c; �ty cou►��;, Fri di ey, P�i nnesota �dature Center - Locke Park: June 25, 1973 Page 8 The general obligation bond issue for a nature center at Locke Park is calculated ' as fol l oti•�� : I' I' I' Project cost, includin� fees, contingencies and initia7 starting costs Legal and finance fees Total project cost Less investment earnings Subtotal Plus capitalized interest (one year) To ta 1 Voted figure Added bonds for discount Bond issue �404,720 7, 500� $412,220. i$,000 $394,220 22,050 $416,270 $415,000 5,000 $420,000 ' Ti�e fo7lowing computer run demonstrates hoti�� general obliga-tion bonds might be retired and reflects the tax rate for operation and maintenance, debt service and the total. I' Column one, headed "YEAR", shows the bond maturity year. The second column shoti�as the projected assessed valuation of the city, reflecting a$4,000,000 annual increase in the tax base untiT 1987. Column three shows the projected operation an� maintenance cost of the nature ' study. The first full year cost is $71,000 for staff and $20,OOt� for supplies and maintenance as estimated in the Brauer report. This cost increases 3% per year, compounded� to reflect inflatian. I' I, I' I � I' Co1�mn four, headed "Oh1R", reflects the operation cost rnill rate. Column fivp, headed "PRINCIPAL", is the annual payment of principal on the 7oan Column six, headed "INTEREST", is the interesi �xpense computed at 5.25% interest. Column seven is the total principa] and interest annually. Column eight, heac+ed "NDi�R", is the new debt mill rate or the tax rate for repay- mznt of principa7 and irterest on the bonds. i� i� I, �, Tn� Ci ty Gounci i Frid1ey, Minnesota June 25, 1973 Page 9 Column nine, headed "G�,ND TOTAL", is the operation expense coupled with the principal and interest on bo�ds annually. Col�mn ten is the total tax rate for debt service and operation and maintenance. ' ��lstr - 2.05 Ct��'�`PUT�P, P,t,i�1 F('R CiTY 0� �PIDi_EY, Nt;RTH PAR;C STi1n'r St1PPLEP^�.i`�T I' DLBT S��VICE Pl�L'vyI"J� P�,IIvCIP�L 420,000 'INTE��ST RATE 5.250D� o.4T� o� �o!vQS 19?4 0� M- OPERA7I0� AND MAINTEiVAiVCE 0��lR - OPERATION COST MILL RATE ��1DMk - MI LL RATE (�! NE4�! t�BT iMR - T�JTAL MI1_L RATF I � MAT TAXA3LE YEAR VALUATION I ' I� I' I' 1975 i976 1977 I.978 1979 I9�� 1981 1982 1983 19�4 1�85 19 �o' 1987 i988 z989 z990 lq9 i z9`�32 1993 i g� t� 99,53�,000 1�3,532,��0 307, 532, O�JO 1.11,53?_,000 1i5,532,0�0 119,532,000 Z23,532,000 127,53?,�00 z3� , 53?_, o00 �-35,532,00� ��?,532,000 143,532,000 � t�3,53?,0�0 I�?,53?,000 11�3, 532, ooc� 1�3,532,0�0 �l�?, 532, 000 z43,532,000 143, 532, �!�� 1�; 3, 532, o00 I, -TOTAL Pr'',I�dCIPAL IBOi�JQ YEARS AvE r�ar� ;� i �rY 0 � M COS TS 91,00� 93,?3� g�,541 99,43� 10?_,1�21. 105, 49 � 10�,65� z�z,9z� 115,27F ii�,7�4 I2?_,?_9� 125,965 1�a, 7t�� 133,636 �.??, o'-! 5 1�1, 7?t� 1!�6,028 15�,�09 1a4,921 159,55� 5/20I73 A�/c YRLY Pf�1T 31}, �39 DE� �t�h1I NAT I �N 5, � 00 FI RST P�TIJRI TY 1975 QM2 PRI�dCIPAL INTE�FST TOTAL NDMR $?{20, 000 .00 0.9 o.g �.9 0.9 �.9 0.9 0.9 o.� 0.9 O.Q 0.9 Ooil 0.� 0.9 1.0 :t. 0 l.� I.0 1,1 1.1 50�5.�0 12.1�71u 10,000 15,�� 15,��0 15,000 15,0�0 15,0�0 15,000 zo,000 20,00� 2Q, 00C� 20,0�� 2Q,�00 ?_�, 000 25,000 2�, (�(�7 25,000 30,00� ?0,000 30,000 30,000 22,050 23,525 20,737 19,95� lg,lo2 1�, 375 17,587 1�,800 15,?5� 1�4, ?00 L3,�50 12,600 11, 55� 10,23? �,9?5 7, 51? 6, 300 �,725 3, � 50 1,575 32,050 3�,525 35.737 3�,950 3'�,,15? 33, 375 ?2,587 36, 800 35, 75� 3�}, 7�0 33, F�o 3?_, 50�� 3�,550 35,23? 33,°�5 32,fi12 36, ?oo 34� 7L5 � 3�,�5� 3i,577 �' f�ROG;�AT� C�PYP.Ir;-iT BY EyLF�?S �� ASSC�C., I�lC, 5/19I68, P,EV ll2?I6a � Q.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 �.3 0.3 �•3 0.3 �.3 0.? 0.2 0.3 o.z 0. 2 0. ?_ 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.� , GRAND TOTAL 123,�50 130,255 1?2,?_78 134, 3�8 13�,5�3 138,P68 141,2U5 1�8,71� 15i,02& 15?,434 I55,946 15�,5�5 1�6,29b 16�, �73 171.57� 174, 3P6 182, 328 185,134 188,071 191,14 3 � 1. 2 l. 3 1.2 1. 2 1.2 1.2 1,1 1.2 l.l 1.1 1.1 1.1 I. 2 1.2 1.2 l. ?_ �. 3 1. 3 �.3 1. 3 The City Council Fri dl ey , ini nnesota June 25, 1973 Page lp Th� tax rate for de�� service falls outside the city's mill rate limitation, but the operation and maintenance levy ��ould be included in the statutory ceiling. Tne operation and maintenance costs could be paid from federai revenue sharing funds or other city revenues, but this u�ould, in effect, reduce the amoun�t available for existing programs by a like amount. Thus, the cost of this program in terms of a property tax equivalent ►�tould be 1.20 mills for debt and operation and maintenance. This would affect taxpayers of Fridley as i11us- trated in the following calculation. , EXHIBIT N0. 2.06 PROJECT COST RELA7ED TO PROPERTY TAXES FOR: CITY OF FRIDLEY - LOCKE PARK STUDY DATED 6/21/73 APPLYING A MILL RATE OF t�RKET VALUE $25,000 S35,o00 $45,000 S35,000 $50,000 $loo,000 TYPE (JF PRt�PERTY H�N1E (HS � N�i`1E(HSl HOf� (HS ) BUS I (�lESS E3t1S I NESS E3t1SIP�FSS 1.?_0 MI LLS C)PJ ASSESSED VALIlF. ASSFSSFD VALUF $8,200 $1?_, ?.0(l $16, 20(? 515,050 $?_1,50� s1r3,�oo [X?LLAR INCREASE YFAR t�i`JTH DAY $9.84 $0.82 $ 0.027 $14.64 $l.?_?_ $ 0.�� $19.t�4 $1.52 $ 0.053 $18.06 $1.51 $ 0.049 S25.Ro 52.15 $ 0.0?I S51.ho S4.3o S o.141 MARKET VALUE USED 1S TAX STATEMENT MARlCFT VAU1E CHS) - HOMESTEAD PROG°AM C�PYRIf;HT BY EHLERS AND �SSnCIAT�S, INC.; 8-15-7� The City Courcil �ri dley, f•9innes�ta June 25, I973 Page 11 Sumrnar : 8oth the golf course and the nature center proposals are modest projects for a city �vitn the population and tax base of Fridley. ��Jizh the golf course, tne Council has t he authority to proceed tivithout an electio�, and reasonable projections sho�� the enterprise to be selr-supporting u�ithout affecting the property taxes of the city. The nature center tivou7d require an election to aparove bonds and would in effect be supported by proGerty taxes, both,for debt service and operating expense. Respectfuily submitted, EHLERS AND ASSOCI. TES, I��C. i i( � L.'�CCc,�t�C�.c; �.-�. , Seegar ans n, Jr. SS:df