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VAR 08.83TME GIT/ Of DIRECTORATE OF PUBLIC WORKS MEMORANDUM I DATE August 17, 1983 FROM 1D.RW. TO ACTION INFO. SUBJECT 1418 Meadowmoor Drive Request by Bernard K. Heille John Flora Please be advised that the Board of Appeals held a Public Hearing on August 16, 1983 to hear a request to reduce the required side yard setback for an attached garage from 5 feet to 1 foot. The Petitioner had written letters of consent from each of his six closest neighbors. The Board moved to approve the request by a 4 to 1 vote with Betzold voting nay to approve the motion. The motion included a stipulation that the new East wall be of one hour fire -resistance construcion with no openings and that there be little or no roof projection on that side. DC/de The notice was sent out to all the original people notified of this request, for the Council meeting of August 22, 1983. 7-3 o% 01u111 alld (.,4990UatC9, 9111. LAND SURVEYORS 10130 HIGHWAY 65 NORTHEAST — MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55433 Telephone 784-5480 Certificat* of Survey: ED C H I E 5 ULYSSES STREET NI I o �I �I i I + 32 to 1e N N O 44 (U BASEMENT ONLY \ate 7 5� UTILITY RAINA6E _EAscMENT_ 75 , 19 SC ALE: I"= 3O* 2697-I( I-30 40 --I� DE NOTES IRON 7 n Lot 7, Elock 3, Meadowroer Terrace, knoka.County, !'inresota 9P444014W&Vy 40yr'Ve- BASEMENT L0CATED-5/)V70 i/ 6P X"W) 1 HEREBY CERTIFY TMAT THIS IS A TRUE AND CORRECT REPRESENTATION OF A SURVEY OF THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ABOVE DESCRIBED LAND, AND THE LOCATION OF ALL BUILDINGS, THEREON, AND ALL VISIBLE EN CROACHMENTS, IF ANY, FROM OR ON SAID LAND. AS SURVEYED BY ME THIS....... 26th.. DAY OF .............. ........ .Aprll .......A.D. 19..7.0 .... N. C. HOIUM AND ASSOCIATES. INC. - LAND SURVEYORS ......................... �J.. .�. �TNY'ID mEETnc OF Aua= 22. 1983 PAGE -U He stated if it is an unbuildable site, probably no a else would bid on it, except the adjacent property owner. He s ed if the property was acquired by an easement, it would revert back o the property from which it was originally taken. Mr. Qureshi, City Manager, stated, ess the City has a use for these properties, they should be given the adjoining property owners so that the property can be put on taxes lis, with the condition that a survey be provided by the owner so th a City knows the exact boundaries. He stated where prop ies were acquired by an easement, it will be necessary to go thr� the vacation process. MOTION by Coon Fitzpatrick to refer this item to staff to bring back in a form wh a Council may act on it at the September 12, 1983 meeting. Seconded Councilman Schneider. Upon a voice vote, all voting aye, Mayor Nee dec ed the motion carried unanimously. 9C. jf*ph FROM AAP nT COMMISSION MEETING OF AUG[]ST 16. 1983 (AT i�R� � n�rTr �AT�; � S �FY�TT��SI') REOUFS'r FOR SIDE YARD VARIANCE FROM 5 FEET 40 1 FOOT TO ALLOW A 12 FOOT GARAGE BERNARD HRTTIR! Mr. Flora, Public Works Director, stated this is a request for a variance from the required five feet to one foot in order to construct a 12 foot addition onto an existing garage. He stated the Appeals Commission has recommended approval with the stipulation that the new east wall be of one hour fire -resistance construction with no openings and there be little or no roof projection on that side. Mr. Flora stated letters were received from neighboring property owners, and the new owner adjacent to this property, and they have no objection to the variance. Councilman Schneider felt this addition would upgrade the neighborhood and, since the immediate neighbors didn't have any objection, he would have no problem with the variance. He stated the house is constructed somewhat centered on the lot with no practical place, economically, to expand the garage except to add to the existing garage. MOTION by Councilman Schneider to concur with the recomendation of the Appeals Commission and grant the side yard variance from the required five feet to one foot to allow a 12 foot garage addition at 1418 Meadowmoor Drive, as there is no practical place where it would be economically feasible to expand the garage except to add to the existing garage. Seconded by Councilman Fitzpatrick. Upon a voice vote, all voting aye, Mayor Nee declared the motion carried unanimously. MOTION by Councilman Schneider to receive the minutes of the Planning Commission Meeting of August 10, 1983. Seconded by Councilman Hamernik. �1NY'TL. IEETM OF Au= 21, 1983 PAGE 12 Upon a voice vote, all voting aye, Mayor Nee declared the motion carried unanimously. 11. MMON by Councilman Hamernik to set the public hearing fSeptember 26, 1983. Seconded by Councilman Fitzpatrick. Upon a voice ote, all voting aye, Mayor Nee declared the motion carried unanimously. BSL Ms. Diane Ferry, President of the Sister Citi s of Fridley Association, appeared before the Council regarding the pr posal to rename one of the streets in Fridley after the City's Sister ty, Fourmies, France: Ms. Ferry stated members of their.ass ciation and the community have benefitted from the City's Sister City ogram with Fourmies. She felt the naming of a street for Fourmies was ticularly appropriate as persons from Fridley have had the priviledge f walking down Fridley Street when visiting Fourmies, France. She stated the people of Fourmie , France are proud to have Fridley as their Sister City and would be to have a street named for them. Ms. Ferry stated she hoped the uncil accepts this proposal and thanked them for considering the requ t. Mr. Jim Black, Rice Creek urance Agency, felt if 64th Avenue is changed to Fourmies Avenue, it wo d be a severe hardship on the tenants of the new office building, Zp�h have committed themselves quite heavily to purchasing office 'es printed with the 64th Avenue address. He stated, before the supplies were ordered, they checked to make sure this would be the ad ess of the building. Mr. Haggerty stat , when he heard about the renaming of 64th Avenue to Fourmies Avenue, a knew there would be some problems, because tenants of the office buil ng have purchased supplies with the 64th Avenue address. He stated the enants have no objection to a compromise, if the sign indicates bo 64th Avenue and Fourmies Avenue. Be stated, o iginally, they tried to get a University Avenue address for better ex ure and identification purposes, however, the post office wouldn't low it. Mr. Bla stated, as long as they provide a street sign that says 64th Avenue he didn't have a problem with it. rWI by Councilman Barnette to adopt Resolution No. 71-1983 with the tit a to be amended by adding 64th Avenue after Fourmies Avenue, and Item 1 to amended to read the street is renamed "Fourmies Avenue - 64th A ue". Appeals Commission Meeting - August 16, 1983 Page8 Ms. Gabel stated that this did come before the Planning Commission and the lot split was granted and the narrow side of the lot is now the front yard so it technically requires a variance. Mr. Wilke stated he wants to remove the existing garage and move it up about 26 ft. and attach it to the house. He said the house was built before the code. Mr. Clark said it is the only place where the garage can logically be built. Mr. James Reiland, 6068 Woody Lane N.E., a neighbor behind the new lot, stated he had no objection. The Commission members agreed that there was a definite hardship and the variance was a housekeeping matter. MOTION by Mr. Betzold, seconded by Mr. Barna, to close the public hearing. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE PUBLIC HEARING CLOSED AT 8:53 P.M. MOTION by Mr. Betzold, seconded by Mrs. Gerou, to approve the variance request to reduce the rear yard from 29 ft. to 7 ft. to allow the construction of a 20' X 26' attached garage on the S1/2 of Lots 11 and 12, Block 2, Moore Lake Hills Addition, the same being 6061 Central Avenue N.E., Fridley, Minnesota, 55432. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. 6. REOUEST FOR VARIANCE PURSUANT TO CHAPTER 205 OF THE FRIDLEY CITY CODE, TO REDUCE THE REQUIRED SIDE YARD SETBACK FOR AN ATTACHED GARAGE FROM 5' TO 1' TO ALLOW THE CONSTRUCTION OF A 10' GARAGE ADDITION FROM 12' x 24' TO 22' x 24' ON LOT 7, BLOCK 3, MEADOWMOOR TERRACE, THE SAME BEING 1418 MEADOWMOOR DRIVE N.E. (Request by Bernard K. Heille, 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E., Fridley, MN 55432) MOTION by Mr. Betzold, seconded by Mr. Barna, to open the public hearing. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE PUBLIC HEARING OPEN AT 8:55 P.M. Chairperson Gabel read the Staff Report: ADMINISTRATIVE,STAFF REPORT 1418 Meadowaoor Drive B.E. A. PUBLIC PURPOSE SERVED BY REQUIREMENT: Section 205.073, 4B, (2), requires a side yard adjoining an attached garage to be not less than 5 feet wide. Public purpose served by this requirement is to provide space between Individual structures to reduce conflagration of fire, to provide access to the rear yard for emergencies and to limit the condition of crowding in a residential neighborhood. B. STATED HARDSHIP: 'House has been built on center of lot with attached single garage which is 12' z 24' which makes it necessary to encroach into the required side yard setback to obtain a double garage (22' z 249." C. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF REVIEW: If the Board moves to approve this request, we would recommend that no windows be placed on the east wall 'and Nat it also be aheetrocked since it will be closer than 3 feet to the property line. Also, there should be little or no overhang on the,roof so that the roof water falls onto the petitioner's property. AATpeals Commission Meeting - August 16, 1983 Page 7 Mr. Clark stated the measurements between the structures is in excess of 20 ft. and the Commission would not have to consider the window situation. Mr. Miskowic showed the Commission his plans and said Mary Anderson would be the contractor. He stated the rear portion of the wall is to be moved and the addition would be under the existing overhang. He presented a letter from his neighbors, the LaBelles, 6190 Briardale, which stated they were not objecting to the addition, dated August 16, 1983. MOTION by Mr. Barna, seconded by Mrs. Gerou, to receive the letter from the LaBelles, dated August 16, 1983, not objecting to this variance. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. Mr. Miskowic stated he would be bringing out the footings. Mr. Barna felt the public purpose is obviously maintained and there is a definite hardship and the addition appears to be well planned. The other Commission members concurred. MOTION by Mrs. Gerou, seconded by Mr. Barna, to approve the variance request -to reduce the side yard from 10 ft. to 8 ft. to allow the construction of a 2 ft. addition to an existing home on Lot 13, Block 3, Briardale Addition, the same being 6180 Briardale Court N.E., Fridley, Minnesota, 55432. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. 5. REQUEST FOR VARIANCE PURSUANT TO CHAPTER 205 OF THE FRIDLEY CITY CODE. TO REDUCE THE REAR YARD FROM 29 FT. TO 7 FT. TO ALLOW THE CONSTRUCTION OF A 20' x 26' ATTACHED GARAGE ON Sil OF LOTS 11 b 12, BLOCK 20 MOORE LAKE HILLS ADDITION, THE SAME BEING 6061 CENTRAL AVENUE N.E. (Request by Leslie W. Wilke, 6061 Central Avenue N.E., Fridley, MN 55432) MOTION by Mr. Barna, seconded by Mrs. Gerou, to open the public hearing. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE PUBLIC HEARING OPEN AT 8:45 P.M. Chairperson Gabel read the Staff Report: ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF REPORT 6061 Central Avenue N.E. A. PUBLIC PURPOSE SERVED BY REQUIREMENT: Section 205.073. 4C, (1), requires a rear yard depth of not less than 25 percent of the lot depth, with not less than 25 feet permitted nor more than 40 feet required. Public purpose served by this requirement is to provide rear yard space to be used for green areas Which enhance the neighborhood. B. STATED RARDSRIP: "To line up with existing home, the garage has to infringe in back yard. This is result of a lot split and frontage on a different street." C. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF REVIEW: This request is to reduce the required rear yard setback from the required 29 feet to 7 feet to allow the construction of an attached garage. The property is a corner lot which recently underwent a lot split. Upon approval of the lot split, thto easterly side became the new rear yard (According to Code definition, the front yard on a corner lot is the narrowest side along a street frontage (see map). Applicant proposes to demolish the existing garage and build a new attached double garage using the same driveway and access. Appeals Commission Meeting - August 16, 1983 Page 9 Mr. Clark stated that the east garage wall would have to be a fire wall without windows. He also said that the new garage would be 12.5 ft. from the existing house to the east and Petitioner would be within l ft. of the property line. Mr. Clark said they also received 6 letters regarding this variance, 5 without any objection and one objecting. Mr. Heille had copies of the 5 letters without objection and did not know about the one letter with the objection. MOTION by Mrs. Gerou, seconded by Mr. Barna, to receive the 5 letters of no objection from the neighbors. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE MOTION CARRIED. Ms. Gabel read the letter from Michael Highland who requested that the petition be denied because he just sold his property and did not know .'how the new owners felt about the variance. MOTION by Mr. Barna, seconded by Mr. Betzold, to receive the letter of objection. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. Mr. Heille stated his house had been built on the center of the property and the garage would be within the present car port. Ms. Gabel said she noticed there are two cars and a lot of things that needed to be stored on the property. Mr. Heille said they have three licensed drivers in the home. Mr. Barna also saw the need for additional garage space. Mr. Heille felt the new garage would enhance the neighborhood and improve the quality of his house and he needed the double garage with storage space above. Ms. Gabel felt it would be a lot more pleasing to the neighborhood. Mr. Heille stated had he known of the letter of objection from Mr. Highland, he would have brought in the new owners who had just moved in a week previously and that he had spoken with them. He also stated that the old owner moved out last winter. Mike Martin, 1425 Meadowmoor Drive N.E., was present and stated he had no objection to the variance and that there was a double garage across the street. Mr. Clark stated that Mr. Highland closed on the property on 8/10/83 and did know how the new owners felt about the variance. Mr. Clark suggested the Commission could approve the variance upon the condition they receive a letter of no objection from the new owners. Mr. Barna asked what type of rooms the garage would face next door. Mr. Heille said it would face bedrooms. He also said he would probably do the work himself and hoped to complete the garage in 4 weeks. He said he has a back-up contractor, just in case. Mr. Heille said he has lived in the home for 12-13 years. MOTION by Mrs. Gerou, seconded by Mr. Plemel, to close the public hearing. UPON A VOICE VOTE, ALL VOTING AYE, CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE PUBLIC HEARING CLOSED AT 9:15 P.M. Mr. Plemel could see the need for the double garage and Mr. Barna felt the hardship stated could have been more specific, addressing the space problems. Mr. Betzold felt the buildings would be too close, with the new garage being only 1 ft. from the lot line and he didn't feel the hardship was there. Ms. Gabel could see the need and stated there is a lot of stuff being stored outside and felt that was more of a fire hazard. Appeals Commission Meeting - August 16, 1983 Page 10 MOTION by Mr. Plemel, seconded by Mrs. Gerou, to approve the variance request to reduce the required side yard setback for an attached garage from 5 ft. to 1 ft. to a -low the construction of a 10 ft. garage addition from 12 ft. X 24 ft. to 22 ft. X 24 ft. on Lot 7, Block 3, Meadowmoor Terrace, the same being 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E., Fridley, Minnesota, 55432, on the condition that a letter of no objection is received from the new owners of 1444 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. and with the stipu- lation of the fire wall on the east side and little or no overhang (as recommended in the Staff Report). UPON A VOICE VOTE, 4 VOTING YES and 1 VOTING NO ( Mr. Betzold), CHAIRPERSON GABEL DECLARED THE MOTION NOT CARRIED AND REFERRED TO THE CITY COUNCIL FOR ACTION. (To Council on 9/12/83). ADJOURNMENT: CHAIRPERSON GAUL DECLARED THE APPEALS COMMISSION MEETING OF AUGUST 16, 1983, ADJOURNED AT 9:20 P.M. Respectfully submitted, Deb Niznik, Recording Secretary r .-" CITY OF� FRIOLEY, SUBJECT 6431 UNIVERSITY AVE. NIL FRIDLEY, MN. 85432 WIM. gr" -3450 VARIANCES ADDRESS lWlk DATE APPEALS COMMISSION: APPROVED DISAPPROVED DATE NO. CITY COUNCIL REVIEW: REQUIRED: YES CITY COUNCIL: APPROVED DISAPPROVED DATE NO. STIPULATIONS: FEE ld(7-76) _RECEIPT NO./ ?-5— ��l LOT. NO. 7 BLOCK NO.,3 TRACT OR ADDITION LEGAL DESCRIPTION: -1 VARIANCE REQUEST (S): (Attach pl6t or survey of property showing building, variances, where applicable) 7-o K e�lc.(c e i w List specific hardship(s) which requires the variances(s): &Idol DATE '4 zo, 44 V ';p Are—ol-qSIGNATURE ADDRESS TELEPHONE NO. 10, :2j? 4g //0 y. VARIANCES FOR CITY USE ONLY Board members notified of meeting by List members date notified, and "Yes" or "No" for plans to attend hearing. Plan Name )� jo Attend rersoa rctKing appeci ano the ToitowIng property owners naving property w1zm n zuu Teez notified: By Whom Name Date Phone or Mail Notified M/M Daryl Rollag. 1391 Meadowmoor Drive N.E.' --� Mr. Eugene Mathiason 1401 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. M/M Patrick Maxey •14 3 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. ,Qf �� M/M Michael G. Martin 1425•Meadowmoore Drive N.E: / Ms: Charlene Weber 1437 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. N.R. Mr. Walter Zbans i 1392 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. M/M Walter Lizakowski 1402 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. M M Bernard Meille 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. ' M/M Jerome Greenwood 1430 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. M/ 1444 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. M/M Richard Jaworski 7676 Bacon Drive N.E. Jean Forster 7650 Bacon Drive N.E. M/M James Bauer 7630 Bacon Drive N.E. M/M Raymond Czupta 7620 Bacon Drive N.E. Melvin Doolittle 1375 76th Ave. N.E. _M/M M/M Vernon Larson 1383 76th Ave. N.E. _ M[M•Vernon Nelson 1429 76th Ave. N.E. M/M Robert Sherer 1415 76th Ave. N.E. '! M ohn Neneru„ d 1423 76,th Ave. N.E. _�I CITY OF FRIDLEY 6431 UNIVERSITY AVENUE N.E., FRIDLEY, MINNESOTA 55432 TELEPHONE ( 612)571-3450 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING :e is hereby given that the Appeals Commission of the City of Fridley conduct a Public Hearing in the City Council Chambers at 6431 University je Northeast at 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday, August 16, 1983 in regard to the )wing matter: Variance request pursuant to Chapter 205 of the Fridley City Code, to reduce the required side yard setback for an attached garage from 5' to 1' to allow the construction of a 10' garage addition from 12' x 24' to 22' x 24' on Lot 7, Block 3, Meadowmoor Terrace, the same being 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. Notice is hereby given that all persons having an interest therein will be given the opportunity to be heard at the above time and place. PATRICIA GABEL CHAIRWOMAN APPEALS COMMISSION Note: The Appeals Commission will have the final action on this request, unless there are objections from surrounding neighbors, the City Staff, or the petitioner does not agree with the Commission's decision. If any of these events occur, the request will continue to the City Council through the Planning Commission with only a recommendation from the Appeals Commission. CITY OF FRIDLEY 6431 UNIVERSITY AVENUE N.E., FRIDLEY, MINNESOTA 55432 TELEPHONE (812)571-3450 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING Notice is hereby given that the Appeals Commission of the City of Fridley will conduct a Public Hearing in the City Council Chambers at 6431 University Avenue Northeast at 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday, August 16, 1983 in regard to the following matter: Variance request pursuant to Chapter 205 of the Fridley City Code, to reduce the required side yard setback for an attached garage from 5' to 1' to allow the construction of a 10' garage addition from 12' x 24' to 22' x 24' on Lot 7, Block 3, Meadowmoor Terrace, the same being 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. Notice is hereby given that all persons having an interest therein will be given the opportunity to be heard at the above time and place. PATRICIA GABEL CHAIRWOMAN APPEALS COMMISSION Note: The Appeals Commission will have the final action on this request, unless there are objections from surrounding neighbors, the City Staff, or the petitioner does not agree with the Commission's decision. If any of these events occur, the request will continue to the City Council through the Planning Commission with only a recommendation from the Appeals Commission. Item #6, August 16, 1983 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF REPORT 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. A. PUBLIC PURPOSE SERVED BY REQUIREMENT: Section 205.073, 4B, (2), requires a side yard adjoining an attached garage to be not less than 5 feet wide. Public purpose served by this requirement is to provide space between individual structures to reduce conflagration of fire, to provide access to the rear yard for emergencies and to limit the condition of crowding in a residential neighborhood. B. STATED HARDSHIP: "House has been built on center of lot with attached single garage which is 12' x 24' which makes it necessary to encroach into the required side yard setback to obtain a double garage (22' x 241)." C. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF REVIEW: If the Board moves to approve this request, we would recommend that no windows be placed on the north wall and that it also be sheetrocked since it will be closer than 3 feet to the property line. Also, there should be little or no overhang on the roof so that the roof water falls onto the petitioner's property. Item #6, August 16, 1983 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF REPORT 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. A. PUBLIC PURPOSE SERVED BY REQUIREMENT: Section 205.073, 4B9 (2), requires a side yard adjoining an attached garage to be not less than 5 feet wide. Public purpose served by this requirement is to provide space between individual structures to reduce conflagration of fire, to provide access to the rear yard for emergencies and to limit the condition of crowding in a residential neighborhood. B. STATED HARDSHIP: "House has been built on center of lot with attached single garage which is 12' x 24' which makes it necessary to encroach into the required side yard setback to obtain a double garage (22' x 241)." C. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF REVIEW: If the Board moves to approve this request, we would recommend that no windows be placed on the north wall and that it also be sheetrocked since it will be closer than 3 feet to the property line. Also, there should be little or no overhang on the roof so that the roof water falls onto the petitioner's property. NE v (w) PVT -,w �r �" 1/yi-O --Lo VrK 4 v[ D v _.._-i-- - r�.N►�sti'r.�s� J�T'��- 4�7syvVww 1�-2-v�;/yp:,/ �„p- •'w-��• N-,�4 -W-00 s PW I la� i� August 17, 1983 CITY OF FRIDLEY 6431 UNIVERSITY AVENUE N.E., FRIDLEY, MINNESOTA 55432 TELEPHONE ( 812)571-3450 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: At the Appeals Commission meeting on August 16, 1983 it was said that all items from that meeting that would be going to the City Council on-Sdptember 12, 1983. There has been a change for one item. This a variance request for 1418 Meadowmoor Drive N.E. by Bernard Heille to reduce the side yard setback for an attached garage from the required 5 foot to 1 foot. The Appeals Commission recommended approval of the request by a 4 to one vote. This will be on the City Council agenda of August 22, 1983. The City Council meets at 7:30 p.m. in the Council Chamber at City Hall at 6431 University Avenue N.E. Anyone wishing to be heard on this matter may be heard at the above time and place. WILLIAM J. NEE MAYOR � v � „; � x� � ���� _mow -.. _ �°� �: . �� � - � - �' �- � �- �. -� � � �� 1 _ - --- - ------ - -- - - - - W